Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.3.193

Phenological Studies of Deciduous Trees in the Cool Temperate Region of Japan  

Jun, Kala (Iwamurada High School)
Hayashi, Ichiroku (Sugadaira Montane Research Center, Tsukuba University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ecology and Environment / v.31, no.3, 2008 , pp. 193-200 More about this Journal
Abstract
We obtained quantitative information on leaf unfolding and leaf shedding by observing 45 species of cool temperate deciduous trees in an arboretum over 5 growing seasons. These trees were in leaf (the foliage period) for 207 days on average after 1 April; 50% of leaves had been shed by 192 days after 1 April. Duration from the start of leaf unfolding to 50% leaf shedding was 157 days on average. Leaf unfolding began 35 days on average after 1 April. For leaf unfolding to begin, a$ 51^{\circ}C{\cdot}day$ of cumulated daily mean air temperature above $5^{\circ}C$ from 1 January (modified Kira's warmth index) was needed. Fifty-nine days elapsed between initiation and the final stage of leaf unfolding. The period of net photosynthetic assimilation was 157 days. The species with succeeding- type leaf unfolding associated with the anemochore seed type dominated the early stage of succession, while the species with flush-type leaf unfolding tended to dominate the late stage of succession. Few species were found in regions where late frosts occur after the day when the cumulative temperature for leaf unfolding is achieved. Biological characteristics include time of leaf unfolding, which affects the life history of each species, so that each species occupies its own niche in the stand. We conclude that that leaf phenology, such as timing of leaf unfolding and leaf shedding, is one of the components of each species' ecological characteristics.
Keywords
Deciduous trees; Leaf shedding; Leaf unfolding; Life history; Plant succession;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
연도 인용수 순위
1 Arora VK, Boer GJ. 2005. A parameterization of leaf phenology of the terrestrial ecosystem component of climate models. Global Change Biol 11: 39-59   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Chuine I, Beaubien EG. 2001. Phenology is a major determinant of tree species range. Ecol Letters 4: 500-510   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Hirayama K, Sakimoto M. 1999. Classification of canopy and subcanopy tree species based on their leaf phenology in a cool temperate conifer-hardwood forest. Kyoto. For Res Kyoto 71: 19-25 (in Japanese)
4 Hunter AF, Lechowicz MJ. 1992. Predicting the timing of budburst in temperate trees. J App Ecol 29: 597-604   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kikuzawa K. 1983. Leaf survival of woody plants in deciduous broadleaves forests. 1. Tall trees. Canad J Bot 61: 2133-2139   DOI
6 Larcher W. 1994. Okophysiologie Der Pflanzen, 5 Auflage Ulmer, Shuttgart
7 Raulier F, Bernier PY. 2000. Predicting the date of leaf emergence for sugar maple across its native range. Canad J For Res 30: 1429- 1435   DOI
8 Walkovszky A. 1998. Changes in phenology of the locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Hungary. Internatl J Biometeorol 41: 155-160   DOI
9 Xiao X, Hagen S, Zhang Q, Keller M, Moor B. 2006. Detecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forest in South America with multi-temporal MODIS image. Remote Sens Environ 103: 465-473   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Watanabe R. 1979. Phenology of woody plants in Shiga heights. Bull Inst Nat Ed, Shiga Heights, Shinshu Univ 18: 55-60
11 Williams RJ, Myers BA, Muller WJ, Duff GA, Eamus D. 1997. Leaf phenology of woody species in a north Australian tropical savanna. Ecology 78: 2542-2558   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Yoshioka K. 1942. Tree Phenology in Sendai, Japan. Ecol Rev 8: 30- 34 (in Japanese)
13 Sasaki C. 1983. Tree phenology and temperature in central Hokkaido. Shinrin bunka kenkyu 4: 77-86 (in Japanese)
14 Schaber J, Badeck FW. 2005. Plant phenology in Germany over the 20th century. Regional Environ Change 5: 37-46   DOI
15 Solomon SD, Qin M, Manning Z, Chen M, Marquis KB, Averyt AB, Tignor M, Miller HL eds. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Basis. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
16 Watanabe R. 1987. Bud opening process of woody plants. Bull Bot Soc Nagano 20: 82-86 (in Japanese)
17 Linkosalo T, Carter TR, Hakkinen R, Hari P. 2000. Predicting spring phenology and frost damage risk of Betula spp. under climatic warming: a comparison of two models. Tree Physiol 20: 1175- 1182   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Maruyama K. 1979. Shoot elongation characteristics and phonological behavior of forest trees in natural beech forest. Ecological Studies on Natural Beech Forest (32). Bull Niigata Univ For 12: 19-41 (in Japanese)
19 Maruyama K, Oida S, Fukumoto Y, Kamitani T. 1992. Annual life histories of various tall deciduous tree species viewed from vegetative growth. Bull Niigata Univ For 25: 35-68 (in Japanese)
20 Japan Meteorological Agency. 2001. Normals for the period 1971-2000. CD-ROM, Japan Meteorological Business Support Center
21 Kato J, Hayashi I 2006. Species composition of the Pinus densiflora stands and their climates in Japan. Bull Bot Soc Nagano 39: 51-62 (in Japanese)
22 Maruyama K, Sato T. 1990. Annual life histories of some woody species in summer-greenforest at Nukumi-Daira (preliminary report). Ecological studies on natural beech forest (38). Bull Niigata Univ For 23: 49-84 (in Japanese)
23 Fujimoto S. 2007. Analysis of prediction methods for budburst days based on the phenological observation in 29 broad-leaved tree species for 10 years. J Jpn For Soc 89: 253-261 (in Japanese)   DOI
24 Hayashi I. 1988. Leaf unfolding and shedding of cool temperate trees. Nihon no seibutu 2: 48-52 (in Japanese)
25 Koike T. 1996. Leaf morphology and anatomy affecting the net photosynthetic rate of 33 deciduous broadleaved tree species. For Resource Environ 34: 25-35
26 Hayashi I. 2003. Plant Ecology. Kokon Shoin, Tokyo (in Japanese)
27 Kikuzawa K. 1986. Forests in Northern Area. Sojushobo, Tokyo (in Japanese)
28 Kikuzawa K. 2005. Ecology of Leaf Longevity. Kyouritu shuppan, Tokyo (in Japanese)
29 Koike T. 2005. Leaf morphological characteristics of woody plants and their photosynthetic capacity. Shinrin Kagaku 45: 4-10 (in Japanese)
30 Kojima H, Mariko S, Nakamura T, Hayashi I. 2003. Bud burst process and late-frost experiments on Fagus crenata and Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula. Veg Sci 20: 55-64
31 Horikawa Y. 1972. Atlas of the Japanese Flora. Gakken, Tokyo