• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2011

본 연구는 호텔 서비스 품질과 고객의 자발적 행위가 행동의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 서울 및 인천지역에 위치한 4개의 특급호텔을 대상으로 124개의 표본을 SPSS 15.0과 AMOS 7.0 통계패키지를 이용하여 확인요인분석과 경로분석(Path Analysis)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 서비스 품질의 공감성 요인이 고객의 자발적 행위의 세 가지 요인 모두에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 고객의 자발적 행위의 협조는 고객의 행동의도 두 가지 요인 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 충성도와 참여는 종속변수 중 재방문요인에만 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔 서비스에 있어 종사원들이 고객에 대한 개별화된 관심이 매우 중요하다는 것을 시사하고 있으며, 이는 호텔과 고객 간의 더욱 중요한 역할로 작용하여 고객의 행동의도에 영향을 미친다는 실증적인 연구결과를 도출하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-133
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• 2006

기후변화협약은 전세계적으로 환경-경제-에너지가 연계된 가장 중요한 이슈로 부상하였으며, 우리나라는 에너지 이용합리화를 통한 온실가스 감축을 위해 각종 정책들을 수립하여 추진하고 있으며, 이중 자발적 협약(Voluntary Agreement)을 1999년부터 실시하고 있다. 우리나라에서 시행되고 있는 자발적 협약의 온실가스 감축효과 및 국민경제와 타 산업에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 협약에 참가하는 산업들의 연료대체 및 에너지 효율향상 노력여하에 따라 동 정책이 no-regret 정책이 될 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 협약 상의 에너지 절감목표를 달성함에 있어 연료대체와 에너지 효율향상 등을 통하여 협약에 참여하는 산업들의 생산량을 줄이지 않아도 될 경우, 국가 전체적으로 온실가스 감축효과와 경제적 이득을 동시에 도출할 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 향후 자발적 협약을 확대 실시함에 있어 협약에 참가하는 산업들의 청정연료로의 연료대체 및 에너지효율 향상을 위한 정부의 적극적 지원책의 중요성이 부각되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1998

본 연구는 정보화사회에서 등한시되는 지역봉사에 관한 문제를 다루려 하였다. 지역 봉사활동에 천국이라 할 수 있는 미국을 예로 들어보면 1995년도 통계에서 50％이상이 자원봉사경험을 가지고 있다는 것은 우리에게 시사하는 바가 크다. 그러나 우리나라는 자원봉사의 경험이나 관심이 아주 저조한 형편이라는 것을 밝혀둔다. 이러한 상황의 관하여 문제적 접근과 해결의 방안은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 본 연구에서는 어떤 방법으로 효과를 올릴 수 있을까 생각해보았다. 정보화 사회가 발전하면서 각 학교나 단체들의 봉사활동이 계속적으로 요구되어오고 학교에서는 성적으로까지 접근되므로 폭넓은 접근방법이 요구되고있다. 본 연구는 지역사회의 개발적 입장에서 자원봉사의 관리와 활동을 정보 데이터를 통하여 운영되는 것을 목적으로 했다. 즉, (1) 지방자치단체의 지역 정보망을 통한 자원봉사자 자원 (2)관리 운영자원봉사자들의 봉사활동의 수요자와 공급자를 관리하며 (3)자원봉사의 팀별 운영 방안 (4)본 연구를 위한 기초적인 분야에 관심을 높이게되었다. 정보화 사회에서자원봉사 활동의 관리와 협력적 상호연락 등의 세부적 관리와 데이터를 운영하도록 하여야한다. 역시 자원봉사자들의 계속적인 교육이 필요하며 정보화 사회에서의 자원봉사자들의 관리를 위하여 컴퓨터교육도 병행되어야한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2021

본 연구는 20대 경도 지적장애인들을 대상으로 풍선불기운동이 복합적인 폐활량과 최대환기량에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 한다. 실험군 10명, 대조군 10명으로 실험에 참여하였다. 실험군은 풍선불기운동을 하루에 30분씩 실시하였고, 대조군은 가로막운동을 30분씩 실시하였다. 실험대상자들은 실험전과 실험후에 Fitmate를 사용하여 폐활량과 최대환기량을 측정하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS win 18.0을 실행하였다. 실험대상자는 실험전과 실험후에 차이를 비교하기 위해 대응비교를 실시하였다. 실험 후 실험군은 대조군보다 폐활량과 최대환기량이 더 높게 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 실험군은 대조군보다 폐활량과 최대환기량이 더 증가되었다. 지적장애인들을 위한 다양한 호흡운동 프로그램을 개발하여 지속적으로 건강을 관리한다면 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2021

This study presents the achievements and limitations of the voluntary-based Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) through statistical analysis of water quality monitoring data and performance assessments of TMDL plans implemented in the Gyeongan watershed. The results clearly showed that responsible local governments complied the allocated TMDL and the designated water quality goals were successfully achieved in the required period. This was possible because the Ministry of Environment provided innovative incentives, such as, relaxations of the existing tight land-use regulations and full-scale financial aids for constructing and operating public treatment facilities to draw local government voluntary participation. However, a couple of problems which decreased the effectiveness and efficiency of the voluntary TMDL were identified. The different TMDL implementation schedules between upstream (Yongin) and downstream (Gwangju) governments caused delay in water quality improvement and exaggerated TMDL allocation to the local development which made excessive investment in the treatment facilities. Although it is not directly related to the voluntary scheme, technical methods for establishing and assessing the water quality goals should be improved so that the effects of flow conditions on water quality are properly assessed. We expect that results of this case study contribute to developing a more effective voluntary-based scheme for the implementation of the so-called 'tributary TMDL' in the future.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2019

This study aims to analyse science-gifted elementary students' perception of speech in general school class, school science class, and science-gifted class and the relationship between their voluntary speech and scientific creativity. For this, 39 fifth-graders in the Science-Gifted Education Center at Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education in Korea were asked about their frequency of voluntary speech on each class situation, the reasons for such behavior, and their general opinions about speech. Also, researchers collected the teachers' observation on students' speech in class. To get the scores for students' scientific creativity, four different subjects of tasks were presented. The students' scientific creativity scores were used for correlation analysis with their frequency of speech. The main findings from this study are as follows: First, science-gifted elementary students tended to be passive in science-gifted class compared to general school and school science class. Second, the main reason for the low frequency of students' speech in school classes is that they do not have many opportunities to make presentations. Third, a survey of students' general thoughts on speech showed that more students wanted to make a speech voluntarily in class than the opposite. Fourth, the four different scientific creativity tasks had little correlation. Fifth, the correlations between the frequency of voluntary speech and the scores of scientific creativity were mostly low, with significant results only for plant task. Sixth, the correlations between the frequency of voluntary speech and the two components that make up scientific creativity, originality and usefulness, were also mostly low, but significant results for both were found in plant task, with originality having a higher correlation than usefulness. Based on this results, this study discussed the meanings and implications of students' voluntary speech on elementary science education and creativity education.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanism of changes in maximum voluntary torque with the magnitude and duration of pre-activation torque during voluntary isometric knee extension. Method: 11 male subjects (age: 25.91±2.43 yrs., height: 173.12±3.51 cm, weight: 76.45±7.74 kg) participated in this study. The subjects were required to produce maximal voluntary isometric torque with a particular pre-activation torque condition. The properties of pre-activation torque consisted of the combinations of 1) three levels of magnitude, e.g., 32 Nm, 64 Nm, 96 Nm, and 2) two levels of duration, e.g., 1 sec, and 3 sec; thus, a total of six conditions were given to the subjects. The force and EMG data were measured using the force transducers and wireless EMG sensor, respectively. Results: The results showed that the maximum voluntary torque increased the most with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) pre-activation condition. Similarly, with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) preactivation, it was found that the integrated EMG (iEMG) of the agonist muscles increased, while no significant changes in the co-contraction of the antagonist muscles for the knee extension. Also, the effect of pre-activation conditions on the rate of torque development was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that relatively larger in magnitude and shorter in duration as the properties of pre-activation lead to a larger magnitude of maximal voluntary torque, possibly due to the increased activity of the agonist muscles during knee extension.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was conducted to determine the effect of intervention using a smartphone application on abdominal muscle thickness and maximum voluntary ventilation when conducting pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME). Methods : This study was performed on 14 subjects. They were divided into two groups; PFME using smartphone application (n=7), common PFME (n=7). Both of group executed the exercise 5 times a week for 1 weeks. Abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound. Maximum voluntary ventilation was measured using a spirometer. The smartphone application used the paid version of Kegel trainer. This material was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare differences on each group and the independent t-test to compare between the two groups. Results : The PFME group using the smartphone application showed a significant increase in the transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles (p<.05). The common PFME group showed a significant increase in the internal oblique muscle (p<.05). There was no significant difference in variation of the muscle thickness between the two groups (p>.05). The PFME group using the smartphone application showed a significant increase in the maximal voluntary ventilation (p<.05). There was no significant difference in variation of the maximal voluntary ventilation between the two groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a results of this study, PFME using a smartphone application seems to induce voluntary participation of subjects and maintain continuity against time constraints. As a result, it is thought that using a smartphone application when performing PFME is efficient and convenient in terms of research method. However, this study is difficult to generalize due to the small number of subjects and short intervention period. Therefore, additional research should be conducted by modifying and supplementing these limitations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2008

The natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) virus infection is reportedly variable, and the long-term outcomes in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B infection are distinct from HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis. However, the molecular virological factors that contribute to the progression of liver disease in the south Indian setting remain largely unclear. We prospectively studied 679 consecutive patients for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA by qualitative PCR. Randomly selected samples were subjected to bidirectional sequencing to reveal core/precore variants. Of the total 679 chronic HBV cases investigated, 23% (154/679) were replicative HBV carriers. Furthermore, amongst the 560 HBV DNA samples analyzed, 26% (146/560) were viremic. Among the 154 HBeAg positive cases, HBV DNA was positive in 118 cases (77%), significantly (p<0.001) higher than the anti-HBe positive (7%) (28/406) cases. Significant increase in liver disease (p<0.01) with ALT enzyme elevation (p<0.001) was observed in both HBe and anti-HBe viremic cases. Interestingly, low frequencies of mutations were seen in the precore region of the HBV strains studied. HBV precore and core promoter variants were less often detected in subjects with "e" negative chronic HBV infection and, therefore, may not have a prognostic role in determining liver disease sequelae in this part of tropical India.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the present state, types of services, difficulties, education programs, motivation, satisfaction and attitude of hospice volunteers and also to suggest supporting programs for the volunteer. For these purposes, a questionnaire was distributed among the 200 hospice volunteers in ten hospice organizations in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. In this research, 85.5% of the respondents were women and most of them were housewives in their forties and fifties. The majority of hospice volunteers had an education background of more than high school. Christianity (94%) was the dominant religion of volunteers. Among the service area of the hospice, emotional caring, such as listening closely and establishing empathy were the most frequently done by the respondents and the next one was spiritual care. Hospice volunteers who had started with altruistic motivation show more dynamic activities in emotional, spiritual, physical caring and so on, than those with non-altruistic motivation. Most of the respondents expressed that they felt a hospice volunteer was valuable. However they had a hard time to overcome the sorrow coming from sharing empathy with the dying patients. Those who had started with altruistic motivation usually took part in two times per a week and had more positive attitude. Volunteers who had been working more than five years showed better attitude than those who had been working less than three years. The longer the voluntary services, the more positive attitude experienced by volunteers. Hospice volunteers encountered the most considerable difficulty with lack of background knowledge and their actual capability. Insufficiency of time was the next reason for the considerable difficulty of the hospice volunteer. On the other hand, those who served more than twice per week replied that lack of background knowledge and their capability were the least considerable difficulty. Insufficiency of time was the reason of difficulty for male volunteers, as well as for females under thirty and those in their forties and fifties respectively. Generally most of the hospice volunteers (70%) were satisfied with their services and they usually satisfied with physical caring, spiritual caring, hospice's family caring. The less difficulty in voluntary services, more satisfaction for the volunteers in the end. There is a positive correlation between a attitude of the hospice volunteer and frequency of voluntary services while the volunteers' difficulty affect negatively their attitude as well as the frequency of voluntary services. Most of the hospice volunteers want to have more education about basic skills, volunteer's attitude and role, spirituality, the way of attending on the hospice and so on. Most of them considered discussion and sharing different cases as the most effective method. They also wish to had more supporting programs for the hospice volunteers(in the order of their needs) such as regular events, newsletters, personal concern, social meetings among the volunteers, insurance and minimum expenses. Based on the study results, more programs should be run in order to activate the voluntary services regardless of their gender and education background. A continuous practical supporting policy and education programs are required in order to provide special education and training courses considering every field of voluntary services. Expanding the role of the volunteers allows them more opportunities to take part in voluntary services and th activate participation. It is necessary to establish a new hospice system as a part public medical system, which can not only facilitate the voluntary services for a hospice but also enhance professional hospice volunteers. Finally, experts are needed to operate the voluntary services effectively.