Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2021.31.2.140

Effect of Muscle Pre-activation Properties on the Magnitude of Joint Torque during Voluntary Isometric Knee Extension  

Kim, Jong-Ah (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)
Shin, Narae (Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University)
Lee, Sungjune (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)
Xu, Dayuan (Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University)
Park, Jaebum (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics / v.31, no.2, 2021 , pp. 140-147 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanism of changes in maximum voluntary torque with the magnitude and duration of pre-activation torque during voluntary isometric knee extension. Method: 11 male subjects (age: 25.91±2.43 yrs., height: 173.12±3.51 cm, weight: 76.45±7.74 kg) participated in this study. The subjects were required to produce maximal voluntary isometric torque with a particular pre-activation torque condition. The properties of pre-activation torque consisted of the combinations of 1) three levels of magnitude, e.g., 32 Nm, 64 Nm, 96 Nm, and 2) two levels of duration, e.g., 1 sec, and 3 sec; thus, a total of six conditions were given to the subjects. The force and EMG data were measured using the force transducers and wireless EMG sensor, respectively. Results: The results showed that the maximum voluntary torque increased the most with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) pre-activation condition. Similarly, with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) preactivation, it was found that the integrated EMG (iEMG) of the agonist muscles increased, while no significant changes in the co-contraction of the antagonist muscles for the knee extension. Also, the effect of pre-activation conditions on the rate of torque development was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that relatively larger in magnitude and shorter in duration as the properties of pre-activation lead to a larger magnitude of maximal voluntary torque, possibly due to the increased activity of the agonist muscles during knee extension.
Keywords
Maximum voluntary torque; Pre-activation; iEMG; Rate of torque development; Co-contraction index;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lindahl, O., Movin, A. & Ringqvist, I. (1969). Knee extension: measurement of the isometric force in different positions of the kneejoint. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 40(1), 79-85.   DOI
2 Hakkinen, K., Komi, P. V., Alen, M. & Kauhanen, H. (1987). EMG, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during a 1 year training period in elite weight-lifters. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56(4), 419-427.   DOI
3 Hunter, S. K., Ryan, D. L., Ortega, J. D. & Enoka, R. M. (2002). Task differences with the same load torque alter the endurance time of submaximal fatiguing contractions in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88(6), 3087-3096.   DOI
4 Ravnborg, M., Blinkenberg, M. & Dahl, K. (1991). Standardization of facilitation of compound muscle action potentials evoked by magnetic stimulation of the cortex. Results in healthy volunteers and in patients with multiple sclerosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section, 81(3), 195-201.   DOI
5 Hess, C. W., Mills, K. R. & Murray, N. M. (1987). Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. The Journal of Physiology, 388(1), 397-419.   DOI
6 Adam, A. & De Luca, C. J. (2005). Firing rates of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle during fatiguing isometric contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(1), 268-280.   DOI
7 Stone, M. H., Sanborn, K. I. M., O'Bryant, H. S., Hartman, M., Stone, M. E., Proulx, C. ... & Hruby, J. (2003). Maximum strength-power-performance relationships in collegiate throwers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(4), 739-745.   DOI
8 Wisloff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R. & Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 285-288.   DOI
9 Goodman, E. L., Breithaupt, L., Watson, H. J., Peat, C. M., Baker, J. H., Bulik, C. M. & Brownley, K. A. (2018). Sweet taste preference in binge-eating disorder: A Preliminary Investigation. Eating Behaviors, 28, 8-15.   DOI
10 Hakkinen, K., Komi, P. & Alen, M. (1985). Effect of explosive type strength training on isometric force-and relaxation-time, elelectromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of leg extensor muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 587-600.   DOI
11 Karol, S., Koh, K., Kwon, H. J., Park, Y. S., Kwon, Y. H. & Shim, J. K. (2016). The Effect of Frequency of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Maximum Multi-finger Force Production. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 26(1), 93-99.   DOI
12 Hortobagyi, T. & DeVita, P. (2000). Muscle pre-and coactivity during downward stepping are associated with leg stiffness in aging. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(2), 117-126.   DOI
13 Issurin, V., Liebermann, D. & Tenenbaum, G. (1994). Effect of vibratory stimulation training on maximal force and flexibility. Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(6), 561-566.   DOI
14 Kiers, L., Clouston, P., Chiappa, K. H. & Cros, D. (1995). Assessment of cortical motor output: compound muscle action potential versus twitch force recording. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control, 97(2), 131-139.   DOI
15 Heitkamp, H. C., Horstmann, T., Mayer, F., Weller, J. & Dickhuth, H. H. (2001). Gain in strength and muscular balance after balance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(4), 285-290.   DOI
16 Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P. & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(4), 1318-1326.   DOI
17 Adam, A. & De Luca, C. J. (2003). Recruitment order of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle is maintained during fatiguing contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(5), 2919-2927.   DOI
18 Bergh, U. & Ekblom, B. (1979). Influence of muscle temperature on maximal muscle strength and power output in human skeletal muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 107(1), 33-37.   DOI
19 Calancie, B. & Bawa, P. (1990). Motor unit recruitment in humans. The Segmental Motor System. Binder MD, Mendell LM.
20 Lee, J., Song, J., Ahn, J. & Park, J. (2017). The effect of short-term muscle vibration on knee joint torque and muscle firing patterns during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 27(2), 83-90.   DOI
21 Cifrek, M., Medved, V., Tonkovic, S. & Ostojic, S. (2009). Surface EMG based muscle fatigue evaluation in biomechanics. Clinical Biomechanics, 24(4), 327-340.   DOI
22 Cohen, J. (1973). Eta-squared and partial eta-squared in fixed factor ANOVA designs. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 33(1), 107-112.   DOI
23 Cornwall, M. W. (1994). Effect of temperature on muscle force and rate of muscle force production in men and women. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 20(2), 74-80.   DOI
24 Crone, C., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B. & Nielsen, J. (1987). Reciprocal Ia inhibition between ankle flexors and extensors in man. The Journal of Physiology, 389(1), 163-185.   DOI
25 De Luca, C. J. (1997). The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 13(2), 135-163.   DOI
26 Farley, C. T., Houdijk, H. H., Van Strien, C. & Louie, M. (1998). Mechanism of leg stiffness adjustment for hopping on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(3), 1044-1055.   DOI
27 Hakkinen, K., Alen, M. & Komi, P. V. (1985). Changes in isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 573-585.   DOI
28 Hakkinen, K., Kallinen, M., Izquierdo, M., Jokelainen, K., Lassila, H., Malkia, E. ... & Alen, M. (1998). Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(4), 1341-1349.   DOI
29 Masakado, Y., Akaboshi, K., Nagata, M. A., Kimura, A. & Chino, N. (1995). Motor unit firing behavior in slow and fast contractions of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of healthy men. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control, 97(6), 290-295.   DOI
30 Ford, K. R., Van den Bogert, J., Myer, G. D., Shapiro, R. & Hewett, T. E. (2008). The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co-contraction during functional activities: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(7), 561-566.   DOI
31 Muller, R., Grimmer, S. & Blickhan, R. (2010). Running on uneven ground: leg adjustments by muscle pre-activation control. Human Movement Science, 29(2), 299-310.   DOI
32 Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L. & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 345.   DOI
33 Oskoei, M. A. & Hu, H. (2008). Support vector machine-based classification scheme for myoelectric control applied to upper limb. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(8), 1956-1965.   DOI
34 Phinyomark, A., Phukpattaranont, P. & Limsakul, C. (2012). Feature reduction and selection for EMG signal classification. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(8), 7420-7431.   DOI
35 Pijnappels, M., Reeves, N. D. & van Dieen, J. H. (2008). Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength measures. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(5), 585-592.   DOI
36 Robinson, B., Gordon, J., Wallentine, S. & Visio, M. (2004). Relationship between lower-extremity joint torque and the risk for falls in a group of community dwelling older adults. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 20(3), 155-173.   DOI
37 Contessa, P., De Luca, C. J. & Kline, J. C. (2016). The compensatory interaction between motor unit firing behavior and muscle force during fatigue. Journal of Neurophysiology, 116(4), 1579-1585.   DOI
38 Schmidtbleicher, D. & Haralambie, G. (1981). Changes in contractile properties of muscle after strength training in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 46(3), 221-228.   DOI
39 Shim, J. K., Karol, S., Kim, Y. S., Seo, N. J., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y. & Yoon, B. C. (2012). Tactile feedback plays a critical role in maximum finger force production. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(3), 415-420.   DOI
40 Campenella, B., Mattacola, C. G. & Kimura, I. F. (2000). Effect of visual feedback and verbal encouragement on concentric quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque of males and females. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 8(1), 1-6.   DOI
41 Davies, L., Wiegner, A. W. & Young, R. R. (1993). Variation in firing order of human soleus motoneurons during voluntary and reflex activation. Brain Research, 602(1), 104-110.   DOI
42 Kuitunen, S., Komi, P. V. & Kyrolainen, H. (2002). Knee and ankle joint stiffness in sprint running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(1), 166-173.   DOI
43 Ferris, D. P. & Farley, C. T. (1997). Interaction of leg stiffness and surface stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(1), 15-22.   DOI
44 Hakkinen, K. E. I. J. O. & Komi, P. V. (1983). Electromyographic changes during strength training and detraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(6), 455-460.
45 Henneman, E., Somjen, G. & Carpenter, D. O. (1965). Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 28(3), 560-580.   DOI
46 Lee, K. I., Kim, S. H. & Rhu, H. B. (2005). The Relationships among a Head Speed, Strength, Flexibility when it does Driver Shot of Golf. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 9(2), 145-157.