Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Muscle Pre-activation Properties on the Magnitude of Joint Torque during Voluntary Isometric Knee Extension

등척성 무릎 토크 발생 시 사전활성화 유형의 차이가 최대 자발적 토크 생성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Jong-Ah (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Shin, Narae (Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Sungjune (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University) ;
  • Xu, Dayuan (Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Jaebum (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2021.06.02
  • Accepted : 2021.06.28
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanism of changes in maximum voluntary torque with the magnitude and duration of pre-activation torque during voluntary isometric knee extension. Method: 11 male subjects (age: 25.91±2.43 yrs., height: 173.12±3.51 cm, weight: 76.45±7.74 kg) participated in this study. The subjects were required to produce maximal voluntary isometric torque with a particular pre-activation torque condition. The properties of pre-activation torque consisted of the combinations of 1) three levels of magnitude, e.g., 32 Nm, 64 Nm, 96 Nm, and 2) two levels of duration, e.g., 1 sec, and 3 sec; thus, a total of six conditions were given to the subjects. The force and EMG data were measured using the force transducers and wireless EMG sensor, respectively. Results: The results showed that the maximum voluntary torque increased the most with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) pre-activation condition. Similarly, with relatively large and fast (96 Nm, 1 sec) preactivation, it was found that the integrated EMG (iEMG) of the agonist muscles increased, while no significant changes in the co-contraction of the antagonist muscles for the knee extension. Also, the effect of pre-activation conditions on the rate of torque development was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that relatively larger in magnitude and shorter in duration as the properties of pre-activation lead to a larger magnitude of maximal voluntary torque, possibly due to the increased activity of the agonist muscles during knee extension.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019R1F1A1061871), the Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program through Seoul National University (SNU), and Nano Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (No.2016M3A7B4910552).

References

  1. Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P. & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(4), 1318-1326. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00283.2002
  2. Adam, A. & De Luca, C. J. (2003). Recruitment order of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle is maintained during fatiguing contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(5), 2919-2927. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00179.2003
  3. Adam, A. & De Luca, C. J. (2005). Firing rates of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle during fatiguing isometric contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(1), 268-280. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01344.2004
  4. Bergh, U. & Ekblom, B. (1979). Influence of muscle temperature on maximal muscle strength and power output in human skeletal muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 107(1), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1979.tb06439.x
  5. Calancie, B. & Bawa, P. (1990). Motor unit recruitment in humans. The Segmental Motor System. Binder MD, Mendell LM.
  6. Campenella, B., Mattacola, C. G. & Kimura, I. F. (2000). Effect of visual feedback and verbal encouragement on concentric quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque of males and females. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 8(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2000-0033
  7. Cifrek, M., Medved, V., Tonkovic, S. & Ostojic, S. (2009). Surface EMG based muscle fatigue evaluation in biomechanics. Clinical Biomechanics, 24(4), 327-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.01.010
  8. Cohen, J. (1973). Eta-squared and partial eta-squared in fixed factor ANOVA designs. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 33(1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447303300111
  9. Contessa, P., De Luca, C. J. & Kline, J. C. (2016). The compensatory interaction between motor unit firing behavior and muscle force during fatigue. Journal of Neurophysiology, 116(4), 1579-1585. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00347.2016
  10. Cornwall, M. W. (1994). Effect of temperature on muscle force and rate of muscle force production in men and women. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 20(2), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1994.20.2.74
  11. Crone, C., Hultborn, H., Jespersen, B. & Nielsen, J. (1987). Reciprocal Ia inhibition between ankle flexors and extensors in man. The Journal of Physiology, 389(1), 163-185. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016652
  12. Davies, L., Wiegner, A. W. & Young, R. R. (1993). Variation in firing order of human soleus motoneurons during voluntary and reflex activation. Brain Research, 602(1), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)90248-L
  13. De Luca, C. J. (1997). The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 13(2), 135-163. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.2.135
  14. Farley, C. T., Houdijk, H. H., Van Strien, C. & Louie, M. (1998). Mechanism of leg stiffness adjustment for hopping on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(3), 1044-1055. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.1044
  15. Ferris, D. P. & Farley, C. T. (1997). Interaction of leg stiffness and surface stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.15
  16. Ford, K. R., Van den Bogert, J., Myer, G. D., Shapiro, R. & Hewett, T. E. (2008). The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co-contraction during functional activities: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(7), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.044883
  17. Goodman, E. L., Breithaupt, L., Watson, H. J., Peat, C. M., Baker, J. H., Bulik, C. M. & Brownley, K. A. (2018). Sweet taste preference in binge-eating disorder: A Preliminary Investigation. Eating Behaviors, 28, 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.005
  18. Hakkinen, K. E. I. J. O. & Komi, P. V. (1983). Electromyographic changes during strength training and detraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(6), 455-460.
  19. Hakkinen, K., Alen, M. & Komi, P. V. (1985). Changes in isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 573-585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07759.x
  20. Hakkinen, K., Kallinen, M., Izquierdo, M., Jokelainen, K., Lassila, H., Malkia, E. ... & Alen, M. (1998). Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(4), 1341-1349. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.4.1341
  21. Hakkinen, K., Komi, P. V., Alen, M. & Kauhanen, H. (1987). EMG, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during a 1 year training period in elite weight-lifters. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56(4), 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00417769
  22. Hakkinen, K., Komi, P. & Alen, M. (1985). Effect of explosive type strength training on isometric force-and relaxation-time, elelectromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of leg extensor muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 125(4), 587-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07760.x
  23. Heitkamp, H. C., Horstmann, T., Mayer, F., Weller, J. & Dickhuth, H. H. (2001). Gain in strength and muscular balance after balance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(4), 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-13819
  24. Henneman, E., Somjen, G. & Carpenter, D. O. (1965). Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 28(3), 560-580. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.560
  25. Hess, C. W., Mills, K. R. & Murray, N. M. (1987). Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. The Journal of Physiology, 388(1), 397-419. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016621
  26. Hortobagyi, T. & DeVita, P. (2000). Muscle pre-and coactivity during downward stepping are associated with leg stiffness in aging. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(99)00026-7
  27. Hunter, S. K., Ryan, D. L., Ortega, J. D. & Enoka, R. M. (2002). Task differences with the same load torque alter the endurance time of submaximal fatiguing contractions in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88(6), 3087-3096. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00232.2002
  28. Issurin, V., Liebermann, D. & Tenenbaum, G. (1994). Effect of vibratory stimulation training on maximal force and flexibility. Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(6), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419408732206
  29. Kiers, L., Clouston, P., Chiappa, K. H. & Cros, D. (1995). Assessment of cortical motor output: compound muscle action potential versus twitch force recording. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control, 97(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-980X(94)00325-2
  30. Kuitunen, S., Komi, P. V. & Kyrolainen, H. (2002). Knee and ankle joint stiffness in sprint running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(1), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200201000-00025
  31. Karol, S., Koh, K., Kwon, H. J., Park, Y. S., Kwon, Y. H. & Shim, J. K. (2016). The Effect of Frequency of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Maximum Multi-finger Force Production. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 26(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.1.93
  32. Lee, J., Song, J., Ahn, J. & Park, J. (2017). The effect of short-term muscle vibration on knee joint torque and muscle firing patterns during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 27(2), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.2.83
  33. Lee, K. I., Kim, S. H. & Rhu, H. B. (2005). The Relationships among a Head Speed, Strength, Flexibility when it does Driver Shot of Golf. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 9(2), 145-157.
  34. Lindahl, O., Movin, A. & Ringqvist, I. (1969). Knee extension: measurement of the isometric force in different positions of the kneejoint. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 40(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453676908989487
  35. Masakado, Y., Akaboshi, K., Nagata, M. A., Kimura, A. & Chino, N. (1995). Motor unit firing behavior in slow and fast contractions of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of healthy men. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control, 97(6), 290-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-980X(95)00188-Q
  36. Muller, R., Grimmer, S. & Blickhan, R. (2010). Running on uneven ground: leg adjustments by muscle pre-activation control. Human Movement Science, 29(2), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.01.003
  37. Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L. & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 345. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17955.1
  38. Oskoei, M. A. & Hu, H. (2008). Support vector machine-based classification scheme for myoelectric control applied to upper limb. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(8), 1956-1965. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2008.919734
  39. Phinyomark, A., Phukpattaranont, P. & Limsakul, C. (2012). Feature reduction and selection for EMG signal classification. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(8), 7420-7431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.102
  40. Pijnappels, M., Reeves, N. D. & van Dieen, J. H. (2008). Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength measures. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(5), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0613-6
  41. Ravnborg, M., Blinkenberg, M. & Dahl, K. (1991). Standardization of facilitation of compound muscle action potentials evoked by magnetic stimulation of the cortex. Results in healthy volunteers and in patients with multiple sclerosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section, 81(3), 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-5597(91)90072-6
  42. Robinson, B., Gordon, J., Wallentine, S. & Visio, M. (2004). Relationship between lower-extremity joint torque and the risk for falls in a group of community dwelling older adults. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 20(3), 155-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593980490487500
  43. Schmidtbleicher, D. & Haralambie, G. (1981). Changes in contractile properties of muscle after strength training in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 46(3), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00423398
  44. Shim, J. K., Karol, S., Kim, Y. S., Seo, N. J., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y. & Yoon, B. C. (2012). Tactile feedback plays a critical role in maximum finger force production. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(3), 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.12.001
  45. Stone, M. H., Sanborn, K. I. M., O'Bryant, H. S., Hartman, M., Stone, M. E., Proulx, C. ... & Hruby, J. (2003). Maximum strength-power-performance relationships in collegiate throwers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(4), 739-745. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0739:MSRICT>2.0.CO;2
  46. Wisloff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R. & Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071