• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

This study was intended to investigate the effects of regular swimming exercise and vitamin C supplementation on the antioxidant system following exercise stress. For the swimming exercise experiment, a swimming adaptation exercise of 1 week was given to a group of 6-week-old mice. Following this, a swimming exercise for 8 weeks was conducted. The experimental group was divided into 3: a control group (C), a swimming exercise trained group (T), and a group of swimming + vitamin C supplementation (TC: vitamin supplementation: 1.3 mg/l00 g diet). After the swimming exercise, these group were further divided into those that had received the exercise stress for 2 hours and those that had not experienced exercise stress group. Then, the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured. There was a lower weight increase in the T and TC groups than in the C group, and there was no significant difference between T and TC group. When exercise stress was not experienced, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in the TC group than in the T group, but there was no significant difference between C and T groups. The groups that had experienced a 2-hour exercise stress showed the SOD activity levels according to the following order, C < T < TC, with a significant difference between the three groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in MDA concentration amongst the experimental groups in non-exercise stress group. As well, there was no differences in MDA concentration between the C group and T group in the 2 hour exercise stress group. However, the TC group showed a MDA concentration level significantly lower than that of the T group. A significant increase in MDA concentration was observed in C group, when exercise stress was provided with no significant difference in the T and TC groups. As a result, regular exercise and vitamin C supplementation can be considered important in controlling the formation of lipid peroxides in exercise stress.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.661-673
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of a low-calorie raw juice diet on the level of serum ferritin in adults and analyzes nutrient intake from the diet. There were significant differences between juices; the highest calorie was provided by pear juice, highest crude protein, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 levels were from green Juice 1; and highest vitamin C and vitamin B1 levels were from fruit juices. The ratio of estimated energy requirements (EER) for the participants was 56.2% from the raw juice diet. The percentages of recommended intake (RI) from the raw juice diet of protein (57.9%), dietary fiber (19.1%), niacin (6.2%), calcium (0.1%), and magnesium (0.2%) were lower than 75%. However, those of RI of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin C were 1796.5%, 7481.7%, 1915.5%, 30858.7%, and 7500%, respectively, exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin A, vitamin B6, and vitamin C. There were significant decreases in weight, the body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass in males and females. After the diet program, serum iron and SOD (superoxide dismutase) showed significant decreases, whereas RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin showed significant increases. There were negative correlations between serum ferritin and weight and between serum ferritin and skeletal muscle mass for all participants. There were negative correlations between serum ferritin and skeletal muscle mass for males and between serum ferritin and body fat mass for females. These results suggest that a raw juice diet can supplement a regular diet to prevent excess or deficient nutrient intake.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

The genotoxicity of mercury compounds have been investigated with a variety of genetic endpoints in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The mercury ions are positively charged and easily form complexes with DNA by binding with negatively charged centers to cause mutagenesis. Further, the mercury ions can react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups of proteins associated with DNA replication and alter genetic information. Another mechanism by which mercury damages DNA molecule is via its probable involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces DNA strand breaks. In order to investigate whether the ROS production was induced by mercury, we performed ROS assay. As the result, the ROS production was significantly increased when it grows dose-dependently and time-dependently. We compared mercury alone-treated group and mercury co-treated with Vitamin C or glutathione group. As the result, the ROS production induced by mercury was decreased by Vitamin C and glutathione. Co-treated with Vitamin C and glutathione group was the most effective to lowering ROS production induced by mercury.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2007

Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Calories (p<0.05), carbohydrates (p<0.0005), dietary fibers (p<0.0001), potassium (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.0001), and folic acid (p<0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and folic acid (p<0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$ vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin C or E on the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lipid and glucose metabolism associated genes in broiler chickens. A total of 216 one-day-old male broilers was randomly alloted to 4 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment and 9 broilers per pen for 35 days. The dietary treatments were control, vitamin C (control diet + ascorbic acid 200 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (control diet + ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 100 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + E (control diet + vitamin C 200 mg/kg + vitamin E 100 mg/kg), respectively. To evaluate gene expressions by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, total RNA was extracted from the liver of the chicken at 35 days of age. Dietary supplementation of vitamins was significantly down-regulated the expression of stress marker genes including HSP70, HSP90, and HMGCR, as compared to the control (p<0.05). The expressions of ER stress associated genes also inhibited by supplementation of vitamins as well (p<0.05). Vitamin C supplementation suppressed the expression of lipid associated genes such as FASN, FATP1 and ACSL1. Vitamin supplementation did not affect the glucose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT8, in the liver. The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of vitamin C or E could be beneficial for the alleviating physiological stress in broiler chickens.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.487-494
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins dissolved in water and milk by various heat treatments. Vitamin samples were prepared by dissolving them in water and milk at various concentrations, and were heat treated for 30 min at 65$\^{C}$, 15 sec at 85$\^{C}$, 5 sec at 100$\^{C}$, 121$\^{C}$ at 15 min, the levels of residual vitamin were measured by using HPLC. Milk samples were fortified with vitamins before and after UHT treatment. As heating over 100$\^{C}$, riboflavin in water were destructed more than 92% but fortified in milk showed less than 20% destruction, suggesting that riboflavin was protected by milk components. Also retinol heated ever 100$\^{C}$ was more stable in milk than in water. L-Ascorbic acid and cholecalciferol(D$_3$) showed a similar destruction rate in water and in fortified milk. L-ascorbic acid was easily destructed by UHT treatment. Destruction of thiamin and tocopherol was increased in fortified milk. Among tour capsulated water-soluble vitamins, L-ascorbic acid was much more stable compared with powder form. Nicotinic acid and folic acid either in capsule or powder form showed a slight destruction by heat treatment. The results suggested that the fortification of unstable vitamins such as L-ascorbic acid, thiamin, tocopherol and cholecalciferol(D$_3$) should be made in milk after heat treatment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2022

Probiotics provide a symbiotic relationship and beneficial effects by balancing the human intestinal microbiota. The relationships between microbiota changes and various diseases may predict health abnormalities and diseases. Treatment with vitamins and probiotics is one therapeutic approach. To evaluate the effect of probiotics on vitamin absorption, we chose Lactobacillus rhamnosus CBT-LR5 treatment, which has resistance to vitamin C-inducible toxicity, with vitamins in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity models. CBT-LR5 affected the absorption of micronutrients, such as ionic minerals and water-soluble vitamins. An increase in vitamin C absorption by CBT-LR5 enhanced the antioxidant response in HFD-induced obesity models. Increased vitamin B absorption by CBT-LR5 regulated lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obesity models. These favorable effects of CBT-LR5 on the absorption of vitamins should be investigated as candidate therapeutic target treatments for metabolic diseases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2004

Interactions of the cell adhesion molecules are known to play important roles in mediating inflammation. The proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), activates the NF-kB signaling pathway, which induces the expression of various genes, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this study, the effect of vitamin C on the ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH was investigated. Treatment with vitamin C resulted in the downregulation of the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced surface expression and ICAM-1 mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a gel shift analysis indicated that vitamin C dose-dependently inhibited the NF-kB activation and IkB${\alpha}$ degradation induced by TNF-${\alpha}$. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C downregulates TNF-${\alpha}$- induced ICAM-1 expression via the inhibition of NF-kB activation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.263-280
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• 2000

This survey was conducted to investigated the status of nutritional consumption and relationship of nutrition of patients in hospitals from 1998.9.1 to 1998.9.10. Calorie intake of male patients was lower than RDA but that of female patients were higher than RDA except female younger than 64 years old. Protein intake of male patients was 130% higher than RDA, and that of female patients was 150% more than RDA. Calcium intake was lower than RDA in male patients but higher than RDA in female patients except older than 75 years. Iron intake was higher than RDA in all patients except in male patients older than 75 years. while vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intake was higher than RDA in all patients but vitamin A and niacin intake was lower than RDA. The rich patients intake enough iron through animal foods and stabilized patients intake vitamin B$_2$ more than RDA. All patients were recognized the importance of protein and vegetable for health and they were recognized also careful choosing of foods for health. Positive relationships were showed between intake of nutritional tablet and nutritional status, between less vegetable intake and less intake of calorie, fat, sugar and fiber and between appetite and vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C. The result showed that the shorter period staying in hospital, the more intake of sugar, vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1995

The persimmon leaf tea was produced from persimmon leaves by three different methods (conventional, steamed, fermented) and the changes of total vitamin C and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity were investigated. The amount of total vitamin C was the highest in fermented persimmon leaf tea which was 47% of total vitamin C of raw persimmon leaves. The SOD-like activity of conventional and fermented persimmon leaf teas were a little higher than that of steamed. The total vitamin C of steamed persimmon leaf tea was decreased slowly as the extraction time was increased. That of fermented persimmon leaf tea was increased generally at $60^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$, and increased until 5min and then decreased at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$, The optimum extraction condition of total vitamin C in fermented persimmon leaf tea was 3min and 5min at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$, 5min and 10min at $60^{\circ}C$. The total vitamin C of conventional persimmon leaf tea was so little that could not be measured by DNP method. The SOD-like activity of conventional and steamed persimmon leaf teas were increased and that of fermented showed the trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing. Fermented persimmon leaf tea had higher SOD-like activity than conventional and steamed at all tested conditions, and the optimum extraction condition of SOD-like activity was 3min and 10min at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$.