• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Obesity is excess body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2. or 20% over than relative body weight (RBW). We can consider the surface temperature of obesity patients is related with fat distribution and differs from that of non obesity people. The temperature is measured by using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). DITI was taken on 109 people without any specific disease. Among those subjects, obesity group is 77 and non obesity is 32. We measured the surface temperature by describing regular square on the upper arm, lower arm, palm, upper leg, lower leg, foot, upper abdomen and lower abdomen. The temperature of upper leg, upper abdomen and lower abdomen was low (p<0.001) and that of palm and foot was high (p<0.05) in obesity group. The temperature and the difference of lower arm to palm and lower leg to foot correlated with RBW. These results suggest the surface temperature in obesity group differ remarkably from that in non obesity group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

Postural tremor of the upper arm in a static posture was measured to provide guidelines of hand tool weight. Three types of camera recording postures were selected. Postural tremor was measured on five levels of tool weights; no weight, 400g, 800, 1200g, and 1600g. For each conditions, upper arm postural tremor was measured together with EMG of biceps, deltoid, and pectoralis major, and Borg's CR-20 scale ratings of perceived exertion. Results of the experiment are as follows; Frequency analysis of tremor revealed that increased amplitude of frequency band of 2-4Hz and 10-14Hz was observed. Postural tremor of the upper arm maintained the initial level until fatigue developed. After the development of fatigue, the rate of the change of postural tremor was significantly increased. Different tool weights and hand postures showed different rate of tremor increase. And time to fatigue and the corresponding endurance time was positively correlated with Borg's RPF scores.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

Ancient schwannoma is a variant of schwannoma and is characterized slowly growing tumor with degenerative change. And it is reported that schwannoma is relatively rare in extensor area. As a rare cause of solitary ancient schwannoma in extensor area of upper arm, we report it.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2023

This paper considers a delamination analysis of a statically undetermined inhomogeneous beam structure of rectangular section with viscoelastic behavior under torsion. The beam is built in at its two ends. The beam has two longitudinal inhomogeneous layers with a delamination crack between them. A notch is made in the upper crack arm. The external torsion moment applied on the beam is a function of time. Under these conditions, the beam has one degree of indeterminacy. In order to derive the strain energy release rate, first, the static indeterminacy is resolved. Then the strain energy release rate is obtained by analyzing the balance of the energy with considering the viscoelastic behavior. The strain energy release rate is found also by analyzing the compliance of the beam for checkup. Solution of the strain energy release rate in a beam without a notch in the upper crack arm is derived too. In this case, the beam has two degrees of static indeterminacy (the torsion moment in the upper crack arm is treated as an additional internal redundant unknown). A parametric investigation of the strain energy release rate is carried-out.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

This study proposes a structural design method for the upper control arm installed at the rear side of a SUV. The weight of control arm can be reduced by applying the design and material technologies. In this research, the former includes optimization technology, and the latter the technologies for selecting aluminum as a steel-substitute material. Strength assessment is the most important design criterion in the structural design of a control arm. At the proto design stage of a new control arm, FE (finite element) analysis is often utilized to predict its strength. This study considers the static strength in the optimization process. The inertia relief method for FE analysis is utilized to simulate the static loading conditions. According to the classification of structural optimization, the structural design of a control arm is included in the category of shape optimization. In this study, the kriging interpolation method is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength constraint. Optimum designs are obtained by ANSYS WORKBENCH and the in-house program, EXCEL-kriging program. The optimum results determined from the in-house program are compared with those of ANSYS WORKBENCH.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-108
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• 1999

In our previous work using a motion analyzer and 3-dimensional sonic digitizer, the arm shapes for 23 women in their early twenties were classified into three characteristic types. In order to design sleeves, suitable for arm movements for the three characteristic arm shapes, a relationship between arm length variation and shoulder/elbow angles has been investigated for four cases of arm movements (flexion, extension, adduction and abduction). Each arm movement can be characterized by the changes in shoulder angle and the changes in elbow angle at the maximal shoulder angle. In all the four cases of arm movements, the changes of shoulder length and cap height are largest at the maximal shoulder angle. These changes were little affected by changes in elbow angle. The changes in the lower arm length and the difference between cap height and upper arm length are the largest at the maximal elbow angle of the maximal shoulder angle. There is a linear relationship between cap height and shoulder angle during arm movements; thus, in designing sleeves the cap height can be determined from the regression of cap height vs. shoulder angle.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 2012

The lateral upper arm flap (LUAF) was initially described by in 1982 by Song et al. as a simple skin flap, addressing the availability of cutaneous nerves for anastomoses. Katsaros et al., reported the use of a lateral upper arm skin flap, but also considered using it as a composite graft. The LUAF for the oral and maxillofacial reconstruction has several advantages over other flaps, such as constant anatomy, good color match and texture, thin design and plasticity. There is no functional limitation in the donor arm, such as strength and extension, and donor defects can be closed primarily with a linear scar, even when a flap of up to 8 cm in width is taken. For a better understanding of LUAF as a routine reconstructive option in moderate defect of maxillofacial region, the constant anatomical findings must be learned and memorized by young doctors during the specialized training course for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This article review the anatomical basis of LUAF with Korean language.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose the robotic arm control method based on upper extremity electromyogram for lower upper extremity amputation patient. The muscle activity of the forearm flexor, forearm extensor and biceps was analyzed to utilize distribution of muscle activity to a specific position in order to the control input. This control input is converted into a control command for controlling the robotic arm through the algorithm. For the experiment and verify the proposed method, 5DoF robotic arm control system was constructed with 1 channel EMG Module and PC applications through the interworking with each module to perform a three-channel EMG analysis. For accuracy and performance evaluation of control, Experiments were performed with robotic arms moving objects. As a result of experiments which after training for 10 hours by middle 20's man, Validity of the proposed method was evaluated based an average accuracy of 92.5%.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

The objectives of this study the effects of fabric noise from active wear on electrodiagnosis(EMG), to examine the effects on subjective sensation, and to relate the EMG results and the subjective sensation.. Five nylon water repellent taffeta fabrics were rubbed each other and the fabric noise were recorded. EMG was done from 10 female university students and electrodes were attached on each participant's upper arm and lower am. The subjective sensation was measured by FMME(Free Modulus Magnitude Estimation). The EMG values from upper arm showed higher voltage than those from lower arm, and the differences between values with fabric sound and without were larger at upper arm than those at lower am. EMG decreased when fabric sound was evaluated soft and pleasant, however It increased in proportion as fabric sound was evaluated loud and sharp. The predicted models for subjective sensation using physical sound properties and EMG results were well explained except roughness. Pleasantness was well predicted by EMG at upper am and EMG at lower arm, as the result, it was explained that the lower the EMG, the more pleasant the participant.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.78-92
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• 2003

The upper-body characteristics of the right-handed and the left-handed are examined and compared through 1-dimensional measurement and 2-dimensional measurement. The results were as follows: 1. According to 1-dimensional measurement results, the clearest differences were seen in girth items rather than height or length items. In particular, hand girth, lower arm girth, and upper arm girth were bigger on the left side in the left-handed group and the right side in the right-handed group. This is thought to be relevant to the arm muscles frequently used. 2. According to 2-dimensional measurement results, significant differences appeared in the females of the left-handed group: shoulder point among width items. In the right-handed group, some differences of significance were shown in females (shoulder point, rear armpit point, and B.P. point among width items) and males (front neck point among extreme vertical distance items). In summary, the body type characteristics of the left-handed and the right-handed reveal great differences in the items related to arm length and arm girth. In other words, the sleeve and shoulder patterns production based on the right-handed don't rightly reflect the somatotype characteristics of the left-handed. In addition, in the cases of athletes, laborers, and the disabled who frequently use particular muscles or parts of the body, this sort of research in the patterns is consistently needed in order to reflect the size differences in girth items in upper body.