Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (대한악안면성형재건외과학회)
권호 표지

Anatomical Review of Lateral Upper Arm Flap for the Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction

구강악안면재건을 위한 외측상완피판의 해부학적 고찰

  • Seo, Mi Hyun (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Kim, Soung Min (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Kang, Ji Young (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Myoung, Hoon (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry) ;
  • Lee, Jong Ho (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry)
  • 서미현 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 김성민 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 강지영 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 명훈 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 이종호 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 구강악안면외과학교실)
  • Received : 2012.06.12
  • Accepted : 2012.07.24
  • Published : 2012.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The lateral upper arm flap (LUAF) was initially described by in 1982 by Song et al. as a simple skin flap, addressing the availability of cutaneous nerves for anastomoses. Katsaros et al., reported the use of a lateral upper arm skin flap, but also considered using it as a composite graft. The LUAF for the oral and maxillofacial reconstruction has several advantages over other flaps, such as constant anatomy, good color match and texture, thin design and plasticity. There is no functional limitation in the donor arm, such as strength and extension, and donor defects can be closed primarily with a linear scar, even when a flap of up to 8 cm in width is taken. For a better understanding of LUAF as a routine reconstructive option in moderate defect of maxillofacial region, the constant anatomical findings must be learned and memorized by young doctors during the specialized training course for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This article review the anatomical basis of LUAF with Korean language.

Keywords

References

  1. Song R, Song Y, Yu Y, Song Y. The upper arm free flap. Clin Plast Surg 1982;9:27-35.
  2. Katsaros J, Schusterman M, Beppu M, Banis JC Jr, Acland RD. The lateral upper arm flap: anatomy and clinical applications. Ann Plast Surg 1984;12:489-500. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198406000-00001
  3. Sullivan MJ, Carroll WR, Kuriloff DB. Lateral arm free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:1095-101. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1992.01880100087017
  4. Song XM, Yuan Y, Tao ZJ, Wu HM, Yuan H, Wu YN. Application of lateral arm free flap in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction following tumor surgery. Med Princ Pract 2007;16:394-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000104815
  5. Reinert S. The free revascularized lateral upper arm flap in maxillofacial reconstruction following ablative tumour surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2000;28:69-73. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcms.2000.0118
  6. Gellrich NC, Kwon TG, Lauer G, et al. The lateral upper arm free flap for intraoral reconstruction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;29:104-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0901-5027(00)80006-5
  7. Vico PG, Coessens BC. The distally based lateral arm flap for intraoral soft tissue reconstruction. Head Neck 1997;19:33-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199701)19:1<33::AID-HED6>3.0.CO;2-W
  8. Alcalde J, Pastor MJ, Quesada JL, Martin E, García-Tapia R. Reconstruction of oropharyngeal defects with lateral arm flap. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2001;52:39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6519(01)78175-7
  9. Moncrieff MD, Hamilton SA, Lamberty GH, et al. Reconstructive options after temporal bone resection for squamous cell carcinoma. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007;60:607-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2006.11.005
  10. Malata CM, Tehrani H, Kumiponjera D, Hardy DG, Moffat DA. Use of anterolateral thigh and lateral arm fasciocutaneous free flaps in lateral skull base reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2006;57:169-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000218490.16921.c2
  11. Teknos TN, Nussenbaum B, Bradford CR, Prince ME, El-Kashlan H, Chepeha DB. Reconstruction of complex parotidectomy defects using the lateral arm free tissue transfer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:183-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(03)00718-6
  12. Marques Faria JC, Rodrigues ML, Scopel GP, Kowalski LP, Ferreira MC. The versatility of the free lateral arm flap in head and neck soft tissue reconstruction: clinical experience of 210 cases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2008;61:172-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2007.10.035
  13. Nahabedian MY, Deune EG, Manson PN. Utility of the lateral arm flap in head and neck reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2001;46:501-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200105000-00008
  14. Hennerbichler A, Etzer C, Gruber S, Brenner E, Papp C, Gaber O. Lateral arm flap: analysis of its anatomy and modification using a vascularized fragment of the distal humerus. Clin Anat 2003;16:204-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.10140
  15. Summers AN, Sanger JR, Matloub HS. Lateral arm fascial flap: microarterial anatomy and potential clinical applications. J Reconstr Microsurg 2000;16:279-86. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-7334
  16. Civantos FJ Jr, Burkey B, Lu FL, Armstrong W. Lateral arm microvascular flap in head and neck reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:830-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1997.01900080062007
  17. Depner C, Erba P, Rieger UM, Iten F, Schaefer DJ, Haug M. Donor-site morbidity of the sensate extended lateral arm flap. J Reconstr Microsurg 2012;28:133-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1289165
  18. Gehrking E, Remmert S, Majocco A. Topographic and anatomic study of lateral upper arm transplants. Ann Anat 1998;180:275-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(98)80088-5
  19. Sieg P, Hakim SG, Bierwolf S, Hermes D. Subcutaneous fat layer in different donor regions used for harvesting microvascular soft tissue flaps in slender and adipose patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;32:544-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0901-5027(03)90397-8
  20. Hamdi M, Van Lauduyt K, Blondeel P, Monstrey S. The use of a free and pedicled lateral arm flap for coverage of an extensive degloving injury of the upper extremity. Eur J Plast Surg 2004;27:86-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-003-0576-8
  21. Gellrich NC, Schramm A, Hara I, Gutwald R, Düker J, Schmelzeisen R. Versatility and donor site morbidity of the lateral upper arm flap in intraoral reconstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124:549-55. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2001.115522