• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.695-698
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• 2005

The finite-field multiplication can be applied to the wide range of applications, such as signal processing on communication, cryptography, etc. However, an efficient algorithm and the hardware design are required since the finite-field multiplication takes much time to compute. In this paper, we propose a radix-4 systolic multiplier on $GF(2^m)$ with comparative area and performance. The algorithm of the proposed standard-basis multiplier is mathematically developed to map on low-cost systolic cell, so that the proposed systolic architecture is suitable for VLSI design. Compared to the bit-serial and digit-serial multipliers, the proposed multiplier shows relatively better performance with low cost. We design and synthesis $GF(2^{193})$ finite-field multiplier using Hynix $0.35{\mu}m$ standard cell library and the maximum clock frequency is 400MHz.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-110
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• 2024

The study was meant to examine electronic theses and dissertations' development in Nigerian federal university libraries. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised forty-eight institutional repository librarians in eighteen Nigerian federal university libraries. The sample consisted of forty three librarians. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed with mean and standard deviation. Findings reveal that the policies available for developing electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) in the libraries require submission of electronic copies of theses and dissertations by students, participation of digital/IR librarians in ETD development and provision of free access to ETDs; the libraries comply with standards of Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting and Search/Retrieval via URL using DSpace for building ETDs and taking advantage of such available ICT facilities as computers, scanners, CD-ROM, LAN, internet connectivity and printer. The libraries achieve ETD through digitisation, mandating submission of electronic versions of TDs by students and creation of IR. However, the process is hindered by technological obsolescence, financial problems, absence of clearly-defined ETD development policy, required ICT facilities and trained staff, copyright, irregular power supply and unstable internet connectivity. This study represents a fresh empirical investigation into electronic theses and dissertations' development in federal university libraries in Nigeria.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.337-344
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• 2003

In this paper, we introduce a fully synthesizable 32-bit embedded microprocessor core called the AE32000B. The AE32000B core is based on the extendable instruction set computer architecture, so it has high code density and a low memory access rate. In order to improve the performance of the core, we developed and adopted various design options, including the load extension register instruction (LERI) folding unit, a high performance multiply and accumulate (MAC) unit, various DSP units, and an efficient coprocessor interface. The instructions per cycle count of the Dhrystone 2.1 benchmark for the designed core is about 0.86. We verified the synthesizability and the area and time performances of our design using two CMOS standard cell libraries: a 0.35-${\mu}m$ library and a 0.18-${\mu}m$ library. With the 0.35-${\mu}m$ library, the core can be synthesized with about 47,000 gates and operate at 70 MHz or higher, while it can be synthesized with about 53,000 gates and operate at 120 MHz or higher with the 0.18-${\mu}m$ library.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.59
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

This study is measured in at ozone concentrated places in school and outside of school where places that use copy machine and the others do not use one. Library copy room, Search room, Y-Copy, J-copy, R-shop are the places using copy machines and Search room, K-apt, J-billiard hall are the opposite. The measurement was held three times a day-the morning, the afternoon and the evening-once for each at indoor and outdoor. 8 places were lower than domestic ozone concentration standard(0.06ppm). The indoor ozone concentration average was the highest in Search room of school and was the lowest in Library restroom. The outdoor ozone concentration average was the highest in J-billiard hall.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

Background : Prevalence of spasticity because of stroke are 40% patients after 12 month. Spasticity caused decrease of range of motor, motor function, and active daily living. Electroacupuncture widely used stroke. But it is been studied by systematic review between spasticity and electroacupuncture. This study is aimed to efficacy of electroacupuncture for spasticity because of stroke. Methods : We had used pubmed(www.pubmed.com) and cochrane library(www.thecochranelibrary.com) database. Limits are'human','randomized controlled trial'and'all adult 19+ years'in pubmed. The period was until 15, september, 2011. We used MeSH(Medical Subject Headings terms. The search words were'stroke'[mesh],'muscle spasticity'[mesh and 'electroacupuncture'[mesh]. In cochrane library, we used spasticity and electroacupuncture in cochrane library. We found 19 studies. But only 3 studies were included for inclusion criteria. Results : The appropriate 3 studies were different from subject, acupoint, duration of treatment, endpoint and etc. But these studies were effective for spasticity because of stroke. Conclusion : These studies were not meta analysis because of heterogeneity. But the above results might explain the electroacupuncture were effective for spasticity and further study needed to verify and standard electroacupuncture study for spasticity.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

The study investigated the challenges of recruitment and selection process of librarians in federal university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey. The population of the study consists of 108 librarians. 95 copies of the questionnaire were filled and returned. The questionnaire was used in collecting data. The overall reliability of the instrument yielded 0.95 with the use of Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. Standard deviation and mean was used to generate the data that was gathered. The rating scale of 4 points was subjected to an estimation procedure using SPSS version 17.0. A mean score of 2.5 and above on any item was accepted. The findings revealed that the librarians identified the challenges to include ethnicity influence; favouritisms; recruitment based on godfatherism; dwindling budgetary allocation. The librarians also identified some of the strategies to include performance at interview as benchmark; equity and fairness as benchmark; recruitment should be done according to relevant discipline; and having channels for reporting cases of corruption during recruitment. Based on the above findings the study recommended among others that recruitment and selection of qualified librarians should be done according to the laid down procedures.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate quality of the bibliographic records for DVDs owned by the domestic university libraries and to suggest how to improve the problems as a result of the evaluation. In order to conduct this study, the previous studies related to the topic were analyzed, and then, four regions of quality evaluation standard including accuracy of inputting, observance of regulations related to cataloging, perfection of expressions and consistency of structure were established. And the quality evaluation was made on total 100 records of the lists for DVDs from 10 university libraries. As a result, several types of errors were discovered in the quality evaluation and some solutions were suggested to improve quality of cataloging records for DVDs by interviewing with catalogers in the domestic university libraries.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

SNMP is a standard protocol for management of networking devices. Nowadays, most computer systems have capability to act as SNMP agents. In this paper, we developed a low overhead version of SNMP library for embedded systems, and implemented a monitoring software based on the library for a large number of target systems. The monitoring system consists of a monitoring server, SNMP agents, and client programs. The monitoring server collects status information from SNMP agents running on the monitoring targets, and sends summary information to client programs. We implemented two versions of clients, Java based standalone program and Web based program.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on effect of acupuncture for Autism Spectrum Disorder in other countries. We have analyzed the studies on effect of acupuncture for Autism Spectrum Disorder within randomized controlled trail (RCT) for 6years (from 2010 to 2015). Methods The search database includes Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: 'autism or ASD or Asperger's Syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder, acupuncture'. The search was limited to the publication date from 2010 to 2015. 7 control studies in Medlin, Embase, Cochrane library and 5 control studies in CNKI were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions 1. The acupuncture and rehabiliation treatment is more effective than only acupuncture treatment. Especially, Retention of needling is helpful. 2. It is necessary to set up standard scale in assessment of ASD patients and serum arginine-vasopressin (AVP) can be substitution. 3. Head acupuncture and tongue acupuncture is effective for ASD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

Small area and low power implementation are important requirements for various multimedia processing hardware, especially for mobile environment. This paper presents a hardware architecture of H.264/AVC Intra Prediction module aiming on small area and low power. A single arithmetic unit was shared and processed sequentially for all mode decisions and computations to predict an image frame. As a result, we could get smaller area and smaller memory size compared to other existing implementations. The proposed architecture was verified using the Altera Excalibur device, and the implemented hardware has been described in Verilog-HDL and synthesized on Samsung STD130 0.18um CMOS Standard Cell Library using Synopsys Design Compiler. The synthesis result was about 11.9K logic gates and 1078 byte internal SRAM and the maximum operating frequency was 107Mhz. It consumes 879,617 clocks to process one QCIF frame, which means it can process 121.5 QCIF$(176\times144)$ frames per second, therefore it shows that it can be used for real time H.264/AVC encoding of various multimedia applications.