• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

There were a lot of attempt to reform mathematics education. These may include reforms of teaching and learning methods, development of mathematics curriculum and textbooks, materials and resources for teaching. But the most important thing is reform of teaching and learning method. The teaching and learning in mathematics is related with culture of mathematics classroom. Thus the culture of mathematics classroom plays a critical role in the learning of mathematics. Although there is consensus what desirable culture of mathematics classroom is, the role of teachers is important to make desirable culture of mathematics classroom. So, this paper suggested the role of teachers in reforming the culture of mathematics classroom. Avoiding from routine and technical teaching, the teachers should play active role in constructing mathematical understanding of students.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.238-251
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• 2015

This study, based on literature review and theoretical discussion, reinterprets the learning environment instruments from cultural perspectives and suggests the applicability of learning environment instruments for understanding science classroom cultures. To do this, the existing learning environment instruments are first investigated and compared in terms of their features and utilizations appeared in previous studies. The learning environment instruments are then reinterpreted in the light of culture. Finally, we suggest the possibilities to use the learning environment instruments to understand science classroom cultures. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the learning environment instruments, by interpreting them culturally, could be interpreted in cultural ways and used as the alternative ways to explore science classroom cultures. Second, the learning environment instruments, such as WIHIC and CLEQ, could be interpreted both along the dimension of phenomena in classrooms and the dimension of students' psychology in order to investigate science classroom cultures. Third, the instrument items could be interpreted culturally in different ways according to the description types of instrument items. Thus, when learning environment instruments are used in culture research, the description types should be sufficiently taken into account. Based on the results of this study, educational implications are discussed in terms of exploring classroom cultures and of culture research.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.283-304
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• 2004

본 논문은 1년 동안 학생중심 수학교실문화를 구현하려고 노력하는 3명의 초등학교 교사들을 대상으로 6개의 수학교실문화를 분석함으로써 교사중심에서 학생중심의 문화로 바꿔나가는 과정을 상세하게 탐색한다. 연구대상 교실 모두에서 일반적인 사회적 규범과 관련하여 학생중심 교수법의 전형적인 양상이 구현된 반면에, 사회수학적 규범과 수학적 관행 측면에서는 학생들의 아이디어가 수학적 담화와 활동의 중심이 되는 정도에 따라서 유사성보다는 차이점이 부각되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 수학교실문화 개선의 난제, 사회수학적 규범과 수학적 관행의 중요성, 교사의 역할 등에 관해 논의한다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.415-433
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• 2002

The mathematics education community is seeking to change a teacher-centered class-room culture to a student-centered culture. However, the real transition is not easy, even for teachers who are eager and willing to teach differently. The challenge for teachers is to use the social structure of the classrooms to nurture students' development toward mathematical ways of thinking and communicating as well as their under-standing of mathematical concepts and processes. By introducing an elementary teacher's teaching practice and professional develop-ment along with her classroom episodes, this paper is to make strides toward an enriched understanding of the culture of the elementary mathematics classrooms in which students may have a lot of opportunities to develop conceptual under standing and math-ematical disposition. This paper first provides a detailed description of the classroom flow in terms of general social norms and sociomathematical norms in order to explore how the teacher and the students have established such a student-centered math-ematics microculture. This paper then analyzes the teacher's teaching approach and professional development.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2007

Recently, the number of students to choose to study in Australia has been increasing significantly. The purpose of this study is to examine how Korean primary school children perceive their own English language learning and cultural adaptation in Australia. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 34 Korean children aged 8-13 who were attending primary schools in Brisbane, Queensland. The study results show that they made diverse efforts to learn English language and culture in Australia, such as making English-speaking friends, watching TV/video/DVD, reading English books, and studying with a foreign tutor. Their English listening and writing abilities were thought to be improved most, followed by speaking, reading and cultural understanding after studying in Australia. The subjects were mostly satisfied with their study and life in Australia but they had difficulties with communicating in English, homesickness, foods, weather, insects, and discrimination. In particular, they had problems with understanding classes conducted all in English and participating in the classroom activities due to their low level of English ability and understanding of Australian classroom culture. The findings of this study have pedagogical implications for educators both in Australia and Korea.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.273-289
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• 2001

Given that the culture of the mathematics classroom has been perceived as an important topic in mathematics education research, this paper deals with the construct of sociomathematical norms which can be used as an analytical tool in understanding classroom mathematical culture. This paper first reviews the theoretical foundations of the construct such as symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology, and describes the actual classroom contexts in which social and sociomathematical norms were originally identified. This paper then provides a critical analysis of the previous studies with regard to sociomathematical norms. Whereas such studies analyze how sociomathematical norms become constituted and stabilized in the specific classroom contexts, they tend to briefly document sociomathematical norms mainly as a precursor to the detailed analysis of classroom mathematical practice. This paper reveals that the trend stems from the following two facts. First, the construct of sociomathematical norms evolved out of a classroom teaching experiment in which Cobb and his colleagues attempted to account for students' conceptual loaming as it occurred in the social context of an inquiry mathematics classroom. Second, the researchers' main role was to design instructional devices and sequences of specific mathematical content and to support the classroom teacher to foster students' mathematical learning using those sequences Given the limitations in terms of the utility of sociomathematical norms, this paper suggests the possibility of positioning the sociomathematical norms construct as more centrally reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement in collective classroom processes and predicting their conceptual teaming opportunities. This notion reflects the fact that the construct of sociomathematical norms is intended to capture the essence of the mathematical microculture established in a classroom community rather than its general social structure. The notion also allows us to see a teacher as promoting sociomathematical norms to the extent that she or he attends to concordance between the social processes of the classroom, and the characteristically mathematical ways of engaging. In this way, the construct of sociomathematical norms include, but in no ways needs to be limited to, teacher's mediation of mathematics discussions.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-278
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• 2021

Proof serves a critical role in mathematical practices as well as in fostering student's mathematical understanding. However, the research literature accumulates results that there are not many opportunities available for students to engage with proving-related activities and that students' understanding about proof is not promising. This unpromising state of instruction of proof calls for a novel approach to address the aforementioned issues. This study investigated an instruction of proof to explore a pedagogy to teach how to prove. The teacher utilized the way of problem posing to make proving a routine part of everyday lesson and changed the classroom culture to support student proving. The study identified the teacher's support for student proving, the key pedagogical changes that embraced proving as part of everyday lesson, and what changes the teacher made to cultivate the classroom culture to be better suited for establishing a supportive community for student proving. The results indicate that problem posing has a potential to embrace proof into everyday lesson.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 과학수업 문화 분석을 위한 분석틀과 도구 개발을 위한 첫 단계로서, 초등학생들의 개방형 서술 응답 분석을 통하여 과학수업을 바라보는 초등학생들의 인식을 조사하고, 이에 기반으로 하여 과학수업 문화를 질적으로 분석할 수 있는 분석틀을 제안하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 서울 및 경기 소재 6개 학교의 초등학생 4학년과 6학년 총 571명이 작성한 응답을 3가지 방법으로 분석하여 분석틀의 6가지 범주(주요하게 드러나는 요인, 공동체의 권력구조, 과학 수업에서 중시하는 영역, 관심대상, 수업의 분위기, 참여형태)를 도출하였다. 각 범주에 따른 세부 분석틀 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학수업에서 주요하게 드러나는 요인은 실험, 재미, 교사, 그리고 공동체로 나타났다. 둘째, 과학교실 공동체의 권력구조는 학급 친구, 교사, 개인으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 학생들이 과학수업에서 중시하는 영역은 인지적, 정의적, 행동적 영역으로 살펴볼 수 있다. 넷째, 과학교실 공동체에서 관심을 가지는 대상은 교사의 가르침, 실험, 지식과 의견의 이해, 지식과 의견의 공유로 나타났다. 다섯째, 과학수업 분위기의 형태는 장난치고 시끄러운 분위기와 재미있고 즐거운 분위기로 나타났다. 여섯째, 학생들의 참여 형태는 모든 구성원의 참여, 자율적인 참여, 협동적인 참여 형태로 나타났다. 본 연구의 이러한 결과는 학생들이 생각하는 과학수업의 모습과 그 특징에 바탕을 두어 과학수업 문화를 분석하는 질적인 분석틀을 제안할 수 있었다는 점에 의미가 있겠다. 또한 본 연구의 결과를 통해 과학수업의 문화적인 측면에서 나타난 시사점에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.171-196
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• 2013

영아에게 어린이집 교실은 물리적 환경을 넘어서 영아와 교사가 서로 상호작용하며 관계를 형성해 가는 공간이며, 사회적 삶을 시작하는 공간이다. 영아가 교실 속에서 어떠한 문화를 경험하고 형성해 가는가를 이해하는 것은 영아의 바람직한 성격형성과 사회성 발달을 위한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 만2세 영아반 교실문화의 특성에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 자료수집은 H어린이집 만 2세반 영아들을 대상으로 16회기 동안 비 참여 관찰, 교사면담을 통하여 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 질적 연구의 주제 분석에 따라 주의 깊게 읽고 범주화 하는 과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과 만 2세 영아반의 교실문화는 '함께하기'로 나아가는 과도기적 문화, 몸을 통한 의사소통 문화, 교사를 향한 절대적 의지와 반응의 문화, 해체와 통합이 공존하는 문화의 4가지로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 영아의 교실에서의 생활과 사회관계의 경향성에 대한 이해를 높이는데 도움이 되고, 교실문화의 주체자로서의 영아에 대한 재인식, 교사의 적절한 지도방향의 모색, 보육환경을 마련할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.597-625
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• 2013

This study explored how teachers and students in different countries discursively interact to build 'Classroom Science Knowledge' (CSK) - the knowledge generated situatedly in the context of the science classroom. Data came from publicly released $8^{th}$ grade science classroom videos of five nations who participated in the Third TIMSS (Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study) video study. A total of ten video-recorded science lessons and their verbatim transcripts were selected and analyzed using a framework developed by the researchers of the study. It was revealed that a range of discourse modes were utilized and these modes were often sequentially connected to build CSK in the science classrooms. Although dominant discourse modes and their sequences varied among different lessons or different countries, the study identified three salient patterns of science classroom discourse: teacher-guided negotiation and the sequences of exploring - building on the shared and retrieving - elaborating. These patterns were found to be different from the discursive features commonly witnessed in the community of professional scientists and interpreted as implying the existence of unique epistemic cultures shared in science classrooms of different countries. Further studies are suggested to reveal detailed characteristics of these epistemic cultures of science classrooms, as well as to confirm whether any cultural traits inherently shape the differences in science classroom discourse among different nations.