• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ultrasound probe

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An Improved Protocol on the Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine Using Ultrasonic Probe Irradiation

  • Tan, Sian Hui;Chuah, Tse Seng;Chia, Poh Wai
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.60 no.4
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2016
  • An improved protocol on the synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives are reported. Previously, the thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives were prepared in a two-step procedure. Under the improved procedure, the thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives was readily prepared in a one-step reaction. This procedure was found to be more efficient than the previous protocol and also compared to the ultrasound bath and conventional heating methods in terms of yield and reaction time.

Tissue Mimicking Phantom for Visualization of Temperature Elevation Caused by Ultrasound (초음파에 의한 온도상승 가시화용 생체 모의매질)

  • Jung, Ji-Hee;Kim, Jung-Soon;Ha, Kang-Lyeol;Kim, Moo-Joon;Cao, Yonggang
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.291-299
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    • 2014
  • To probe the temperature elevation effect caused by ultrasound, a tissue mimicking phantom was newly suggested. A carrageenan gel was adopted to realize not only the required transparency for visualization but also acoustic characteristics similar to human tissue. To visualize the temperature elevation inside phantom, thermochromic film with a critical temperature of discoloration was introduced. Acoustic characteristics of the tissue mimicking phantom were examined when the concentrations of carrageenan and sucrose changed. As the results, the attenuation coefficient of the phantom could be controlled in the range of 0.44~0.49 dB/cm/MHz, and the acoustic impedance in the range of 1.52~1.77 Mrayls. We could control the acoustic characteristics of the phantom by different concentration of carrageenan and sucrose, and it was possible to examine the temperature elevation caused by ultrasound in the phantom. The suggested method was verified by noninvasively visualizing the temperature elevation due to planar and focused ultrasound using the fabricated phantom.

Skin-Mimicking Phantom for Measurment of Cosmetic Transdermal Absorption and Temperature Changes by Sonophoresis

  • Kim, Gahee;Jang, Hwijin;Choi, Seonmin;Park, Sanghyo;Kim, Woo Cheol;Key, Jaehong
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.271-279
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    • 2022
  • Functional cosmetics containing various ingredients that improve skin health are currently being developed. In addition, technologies that help increase the absorption rate of such cosmetics have recently gained significant attention. Sonophoresis is a method to increase the transdermal absorption of cosmetics using ultrasound. A skin-mimicking phantom was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane, Strat-MTM membrane, and thermochromic pigments. Gel-type cosmetics used in skin mask packs and epidermal-growth-factor-based nano-cosmetics were tested for their absorption rates at ultrasound frequencies of 1, 3, and 10 MHz in the single frequency mode, and 1/3 and 3/10 MHz in the dual frequency mode. The gel-type cosmetics and epidermal-grow-factor-based nano-cosmetics showed the highest absorption rate at 3/10MHz dual frequency. The size of the cosmetic particles decreased by 5-9 %. Furthermore, the temperature rise caused by ultrasound could be visually recognized by the thermochromic pigment in the phantom turning white. We presented a skin-mimicking phantom. The device can be customized according to the size of the ultrasound probe and has the advantage of quantitatively evaluating the transdermal permeability of cosmetics at a low cost. The development of the skin-mimicking phantom will be useful for determining the suitable conditions required to increase the absorption rate of cosmetics using ultrasound.

Effects of Ultrasound on Skin Elasticity and Elasticity of Deeper Skin in Healthy Women (초음파 사용이 건강한 여성의 피부 탄력과 피부 깊은 탄력 개선에 미치는 영향)

  • Min-Joo Ko;Gi-Soo Kim;Eun-Mi Jang;Jae-Seop Oh
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2023
  • Purpose : Aging is reflected on the face of women due to the depletion of collagen and hydration in the facial skin overtime. This study investigated the effect of multiple SONO® ultrasound for a 4-week period on the skin health by measuring the skin elasticity and deeper skin elasticity in the tested women subjects. Methods : Twenty healthy women were recruited for this experiment. All the participants applied multiple ultrasound device (SONO®) during this experiment. The SONO® device was set to ANTI-AGING function and five power steps such as 1, 3, 10 and 17 MHz were used during this experiment, and directly contacted with the facial skin. Specifically, the probe was contacted with the entire face except for the nose and eyes for 10 min on each side of the face every day and repeated for 4 weeks. The skin elasticity and the elasticity of deeper skin were measured at three times (0, 2, 4 weeks) using a Ballistometer and dermal torque meter, respectively. The one way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the skin elasticity and the elasticity of deeper skin among three times (0, 2, 4 weeks). Results : The skin elasticity (p<.05) and elasticity of deeper skin (p<.05) were significantly increased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of intervention compared to that at 0 weeks. For the skin elasticity, there was no significant difference between 2 and 4 weeks of intervention (p>.05). For the elasticity of deeper skin, it increased significantly at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks of intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : These findings suggest that applying multiple SONO® ultrasound to the facial skin of healthy women for 4 weeks, can increase the skin elasticity and elasticity of deeper skin by supporting epidermal hydration and dermal collagen production.

Comparison of the Results of Ultrasound-guided Caudal Epidural Block - Herniated Intervertebral Disc vs Spinal Stenosis - (초음파를 이용한 미추 경막외 차단술의 결과 비교 - 추간판 탈출증과 척추관 협착증 -)

  • Kim, Young-Tae;Cho, Kyu-Jung;Ahn, Chi-Hoon
    • The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Ultrasound-guided epidural caudal block for low back pain and radiating pain is often performed in the treatment of outpatients. However, this procedure has a failure rate of up to 25% even when it performed by an experienced physician. The authors investigate the effectiveness of Ultrasound-guided epidural caudal block in patients related to disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block was performed in 55 outpatients with LBP and radiating pain. Patient was placed in the prone position and sonographic image of sacral hiatus was obtained using linear probe. A 22-gauge needle was advanced into the sacrococcygeal membrane under ultrasound guidance and then medication was injected into the caudal epidural space. There were 31 cases of disc herniation, and 24 cases of spinal stenosis. Patients were evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 2 weeks and 4 weeks by telephone interviews. Results: 53 of the 55 cases (96.4%) of needle insertion into the sacral canal under ultrasound guidance were successful. Gender was not significantly different between disc herniation group and spinal stenosis group. But there was a significant age difference between disc herniation group ($42.3{\pm}10.8$), and spinal stenosis group ($62.8{\pm}15.1$) [p<0.001]. The VAS score at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in disc group were 6.84, 3.1, 1.8 & 1.77. The VAS score at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in spinal stenosis group were 6.88, 3.58, 4.33 & 4.88. The VAS score in both groups was significantly improved after the procedure (p<0.001). Over time, the two groups were statistically significant differences in VAS score after adjusting for age (p<0.001). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block seems to provide a high success rate and a significantly better response in disc group than spinal stenosis group.

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A Pilot Clinical Study on the Accuracy and Safety of Ultrasound-guided Gyeontonghyeol (BP-LE6) Acupuncture: A Prospective Randomized, Single Blinded Crossover Study

  • Kim, Jong Uk;Kim, Bo Hyun;Kim, Seok Hee;Shin, Jin Hyeon;Choi, Yoo Min;Song, Beom Yong;Yook, Tae Han;Jeon, Young Ju;Lee, Sanghun
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.272-276
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    • 2019
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and safety of procedures using ultrasound equipment for acupuncture treatment. Methods: A pilot, prospective randomized, single blinded, crossover clinical study on the accuracy and safety of ultrasound-guided Gyeontonghyeol (BP-LE6) acupuncture treatment was conducted. Patients (n = 13) with shoulder pain were randomly divided into 2 groups. During Visit 1, ultrasound-guided BP-LE6 acupuncture was administered to the experimental group. In the control group, patients received BP-LE6 acupuncture (without checking ultrasound images) by manipulating the ultrasound probe as if administering ultrasound-guided acupuncture. Visit 2 was arranged within 7-14 days and the remaining procedures, other than those administered in Visit 1, were performed. In both the experimental group and control group, the number of needle insertions, and time required for the treatment to result in the patients feeling de-qi was recorded. The numeric rating scale (NRS) score for shoulder pain was recorded before and after the acupuncture treatment. Results: The number of needle insertions was $5.31{\pm}3.50$ times in the experimental group, and $6.62{\pm}3.38$ times in the control group, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean time required to perform the procedure was $151.54{\pm}48.59$ seconds in the experimental group and $86.69{\pm}37.17$ seconds in the control group, which was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The changes observed in numerical rating scale scores between groups were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant difference, administering acupuncture using ultrasound guidance may lead to accurate needling with a reduced number of needle insertion attempts. A large-scale clinical study of better design should be conducted in the future.

Ultrasound Imaging for Position of the Sciatic Nerve Division in Korean Female (한국 여성에서 좌골 신경 분지 위치에 대한 초음파 영상)

  • Nam, Il Hyun;Yeo, Eui Dong;Yu, Ji Soo;Lee, Jun Ho;Lee, Young Koo
    • The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: We aim to determine sciatic nerve bifurcation location and depth at the level of the popliteal fossa in Korean female. Materials and Methods: Thirty three subjects were enrolled in Korean female. M-turbo ultrasound system (SonoSite, bothell, WA, USA)with 38 mm high frequency linear array transducer, 13-6 MHz probe was used for ultrasound measurements. With subject lying prone, the location of the sciatic nerve in relation to the popliteal crease and skin to nerve distance were assessed via ultrasound. Analyses were performed with SAS version 9.3 using multiple linear regression. Results: Thirty three subjects were enrolled. Distance from the popliteal crease to the sciatic nerve was 4.5-7.5 (mean 5.7 cm), and the depth of the sciatic nerve from the skin was 1.8-3.2 (mean 2.4 cm). Multiple linear regression for the usefulness of the model has a p value of 0.036, shows between weight and depth. Conclusion: We show that variability exists for sciatic nerve bifurcation location in Korean female, The success rate is creased if consider the relations between weight and depth when performs sciatic nerve block in Korean female. In our study, a sciatic nerve block is recommend that performed 7.5 cm proximal to the crease in the popliteal fossa.

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A Study on Microbial Contamination and Disinfection of Ultrasonic Probe in Metropolitan Area (수도권 지역의 초음파 프로브의 미생물 오염도와 소독에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hyun Kyung;Kim, Sam Soo;Heo, Yeong Cheol;Han, Dong Kyoon
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.427-435
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    • 2018
  • There was a shortage of research reports on sterilization criterion and contamination of ultrasonic probes. Therefore, in this study, we were going to provide a basic study to measure the level of microbial contamination in ultrasonic probes and to investigate the radiographer's awareness of infection. After the scan, samples were collected from the rubber part of the probe by opening a sterile swab (Transport Medium AM608-1S) for medical bacteria collection with the remaining gel removed with a paper towel. Also, the collected samples of bacteria were grown for seven days and then the laboratory was analyzed. Among the total 29 types of microorganisms, Micrococcus luteus 21(26%), Moraxella species 16(20%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus 8(10%), Bacillus species 5(7%), Bicillus circulans 3(5%), Acinetobacter lwoffii 2(2%), and 1 other Candida parapsilosis (1%) a number of bacteria and fungus, was detected. In a disinfectant experiment using LuciPac Pen on the Lumitester PD-30s, we cultured the rubber part of the probe two to three times to measure the bacteria. Bacteria decreased to 97% with Aquanax (alkaline reduced water 100%), 99% with Klarion wash (0.01% sodium hydroxide), 94% with Klarion disinfection (0.01% nitrous acid water), Sterilization was best with Klarion wash (0.01% sodium hydroxide). Therefore, guidelines for cleaning and disinfection of ultrasonic probes was required, and further development of probe-only disinfectants is required.

Influences of the Defective Piezo-Elements of a Medical Ultrasonic Probe on Transient Acoustic Fields and B-Mode Images (의료용 초음파프로브의 압전소자 결함이 과도음장과 B-모드 영상에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Kwang-Yoon;Ha, Kang-Lyeol;Kim, Moo-Joon;Kim, Jung-Soon;Yang, Jeong-Hwa;Kang, Gwan-Suk;Choi, Min-Joo
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.476-482
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    • 2010
  • The ultrasonic transient fields and B-mode images of a point target which were simulated for a medical ultrasonic probe with a few defective piezo-elements were compared with those for a normal probe. The present study considered a 3.5 MHz linear array probe whose acoustic beam was formed by the 64 active elements of total 192 elements. The results showed that the maximum amplitude and -3 dB width of the acoustic fields by main-lobes decreased linearly as the defective element number increased from one to four. However, the depths of foci remained almost unchanged, and the pressure differences between main-lobes and side-lobes tended to decrease due to rise in pressures in side-lobes. Such changes in ultrasonic fields affected the B-mode images of point targets. So the artifacts were formed in the right and left side of the target, and the lateral spatial resolutions were decreased while the axial resolution was almost the same.

Diagnostic Performance of Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound without a Guide-Sheath and the Feasibility of Molecular Analysis

  • Moon, Seong Mi;Choe, Junsu;Jeong, Byeong-Ho;Um, Sang-Won;Kim, Hojoong;Kwon, O Jung;Lee, Kyungjong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.82 no.4
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    • pp.319-327
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    • 2019
  • Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), is effective for tissue diagnosis of lung lesions. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of R-EBUS both a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy and identified factors associated with accurate diagnosis. The feasibility of molecular and genetic testing, using specimens obtained by R-EBUS, was also investigated. Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed 211 patients undergoing R-EBUS without a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy, June 2016-May 2017. After excluding 27 patients of which the target lesion was not reached, 184 were finally included. Multivariate logistic regression was used, to identify factors associated with accurate diagnosis. Results: Among 184 patients, R-EBUS-guided biopsy diagnosed malignancy in 109 patients (59%). The remaining 75 patients (41%) with non-malignant results underwent additional work-ups, and 34 were diagnosed with malignancy. Based on final diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy was 80% (136/170), and sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 76% (109/143) and 100% (27/27), respectively. In multivariate analysis, peripheral location (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.925; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.203-12.811; p=0.023), and central position of the probe (aOR, 2.435; 95% CI, 1.424-7.013; p=0.035), were associated with accurate diagnosis of malignancy. Molecular and genetic analyses were successful, in all but one case, with inadequate specimens. Conclusion: R-EBUS-guided biopsy without equipment, is effective for tissue diagnosis. Peripheral location and central position of the radial probe, were crucial for accurate diagnosis. Performance of molecular and genetic testing, using samples obtained by R-EBUS, was satisfactory.