• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.709-717
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• 2008

$Ch\acute{e}n\;Xiuyu\acute{a}n$(陳修園) was a famous doctor and educator of the late Tang Dynasty. He was well known both for his books for beginners, and for his unique medical theories based on his profound research of <$Sh\bar{a}ngh\acute{a}nl\grave{u}n$(傷寒論)> and <$J\bar{i}nku\grave{i}y\grave{a}ol\ddot{u}e$>. He wrote <$Y\bar{i}xues\bar{a}nz\grave{i}j\bar{i}ng$(醫學三字經)> to establish the basic textbook for the beginners to set up right principles in pursuing their medical career. <$Y\bar{i}xues\bar{a}nz\grave{i}j\bar{i}ng$> was written in rhyme form, so that it can be easily memorized and used in future practices. There are quite many medical books in rhyme form, but this book is very unique as $Ch\acute{e}n\;Xiuyu\acute{a}n$ annotated his own notes, which is rare in this form of books. This feature makes <$Y\bar{i}xues\bar{a}nz\grave{i}j\bar{i}ng$> very outstanding, also with the fact that $Ch\acute{e}n\;Xiuyu\acute{a}n$ was the one with profound understanding and original theories based on medical bibles such as <$N\grave{e}ij\bar{i}ng$(內經)> and <$Sh\bar{a}ngh\acute{a}nl\grave{u}n$(傷寒論)>. We have translated this precious educational material into korean, hoping that this work could be of any help to students of korean medicine. And while doing this work, we have found followings: <$Y\bar{i}xues\bar{a}nz\grave{i}j\bar{i}ng$> covers the entire fields of medicine from theoretical discussions to practical clinical information. Nevertheless, as this is written in rhyme form, there are few phrases that are not easily understood for the sake of rhyme. Beginners probably may have difficulties in reading this book. To make this difficulty alleviated, and to develop our own educational material, we need to study further on the notes that $Ch\acute{e}n\;Xiuyu\acute{a}n$ annotated himself.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2008

Crude cytoplasmic fraction of phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium, Thiocapsa roseopersicina NCIB 8347, were initially prepared and purified by sonication, ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation and heat-treatment and it has been previously reported. Using various applications of chromatography far the purification of membrane-bound and soluble hydrogenases from heat-treated enzyme fraction were studied at present report. When the heat-treated enzyme preparation was applied to the anion column chromatography using Q-sepharose, Fraction I and II, which were extracted with the KCl 0-0.5 M gradient, showed the specific evolution hydrogenase activity 3.86 and 2.27 U/mg-protein respectively. Specific hydrogenase activitys of Fraction I and II were further increased to 4.35 and 7.46 U/mg-protein for Fraction I and to 2.49 and 4.41 U/mg-protein fur Fraction II respectively, when hydrophobic interaction column, Phenyl superose, and anion exchange column, Mono-Q, were applied. Size exclusion chromatography using superdex 200 concentrated the hydrogenase Fraction I and II to 9.19 and 7.84 U/mg-protein respectively at the final step of purification.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.479-500
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• 2008

This study investigates Kim Inhue's view of reading through the analysis of reference books in Haseo-Chunjib(하서전집). As the result, he had read 123 different books ar least. He had quoted frequently $Sish{\bar{u}}$ $S{\bar{a}}nj{\bar{i}}ng$(사서삼경), $Sh{\check{i}}ji$(사기), $H{\grave{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$(한서), $Zhu{\bar{a}}ngz{\check{i}}$(장자), $G{\check{u}}wenzh{\bar{e}}nb{\check{a}}o$(고문진보), $Ch{\check{u}}c{\acute{i}}$(초사), $W{\acute{e}}nxu{\check{a}}n$(문선). He had read books beyond the contemporary(sixteen centurtry) scholar's common list, and had enjoyed reading over the boundaries of stereotyped idea. While he had emphasized on the scripture of Confucian, had earned more knowledges for usefulness and the bases of scholarly writings by reading a wide spectrum of books.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2004

Let A be a Hopf algebra with a linear form ${\sigma}:k{\rightarrow}A{\otimes}A$, which is convolution invertible, such that ${\sigma}_{21}({\Delta}{\otimes}id){\tau}({\sigma}(1))={\sigma}_{32}(id{\otimes}{\Delta}){\tau}({\sigma}(1))$. We define Hopf algebras, ($A_{\sigma}$, m, u, ${\Delta}_{\sigma}$, ${\varepsilon}$, $S_{\sigma}$). If B and C are opposite skew copaired Hopf algebras and $A=B{\otimes}_kC$ then we find Hopf algebras, ($A_{[{\sigma}]}$, $m_B{\otimes}m_C$, $u_B{\otimes}u_C$, ${\Delta}_{[{\sigma}]}$, ${\varepsilon}B{\otimes}{\varepsilon}_C$, $S_{[{\sigma}]}$). Let H be a finite dimensional commutative Hopf algebra with dual basis $\{h_i\}$ and $\{h_i^*\}$, and let $A=H^{op}{\otimes}H^*$. We show that if we define ${\sigma}:k{\rightarrow}H^{op}{\otimes}H^*$ by ${\sigma}(1)={\sum}h_i{\otimes}h_i^*$ then ($A_{[{\sigma}]}$, $m_A$, $u_A$, ${\Delta}_{[{\sigma}]}$, ${\varepsilon}_A$, $S_{[{\sigma}]}$) is the dual space of Drinfeld double, $D(H)^*$, as Hopf algebra.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

This study explored the relationship between accurate vowel production and proficiency levels in L2 English produced by Korean EFL adult learners. To this end, nine English vowels /i, ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʌ, ɔ, ɑ, ʊ, u/ were selected and adjacent vowels paired up (e.g., /i/-/ɪ/, /u/-/ʊ/, /ɛ/-/æ/, /ʌ/-/ɔ/, /ɔ/-/ɑ/). The spectral features of the pairs were measured instrumentally, namely F1 (indicating tongue height) and F2 (indicating tongue backness). Meanwhile, the durations as well as spectral features of the tense and lax counterparts in /i/-/ɪ/ and /u/-/ʊ/ were measured, as both temporal and spectral features are important in distinguishing them. The findings of this study confirm that higher-rated speakers were better able to distinguish the contrasts in the front vowel pairs /i/-/ɪ/ and /ɛ/-/æ/ than lower-rated learners, but in the central and back vowel pairs /u/-/ʊ/and /ʌ/-/ɔ/ (though not /ɔ/-/ɑ/), Korean EFL learners generally showed difficulty distinguishing adjacent vowels with spectral cues. On the other hand, the durations of the tense and lax vowels showed that the lower-rated speakers were less able to use the temporal feature to differentiate tense vowels from their lax counterparts, unlike previous studies that found that in general Korean learners depend excessively on the temporal cue to distinguish tense and lax vowels.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.565-577
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• 2000

We consider regularity questions arising in the degenerate elliptic vector valued variational inequalities -div(｜▽u｜p-2∇u)$\geq$b(x, u, ∇u) with p$\in$(1, $\infty$). It is a generalization of the scalar valued inequalities, i.e., the obstacle problem. We obtain the C1,$\alpha$loc regularity for the solution u under a controllable growth condition of b(x, u, ∇u).

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1265-1279
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• 2017

In order to study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems, we introduce the class of split Leibniz triple systems as the natural extension of the class of split Lie triple systems and split Leibniz algebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, we show that any of such Leibniz triple systems T with a symmetric root system is of the form $T=U+{\sum}_{[j]{\in}{\Lambda}^1/{\sim}}I_{[j]}$ with U a subspace of $T_0$ and any $I_{[j]}$ a well described ideal of T, satisfying $\{I_{[j]},T,I_{[k]}\}=\{I_{[j]},I_{[k]},T\}=\{T,I_{[j]},I_{[k]}\}=0 \text{ if }[j]{\neq}[k]$.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.425-433
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• 2008

Let R be a ring with identity $1_R$ and let U(R) denote the group of all units of R. A ring R is called locally finite if every finite subset in it generates a finite semi group multiplicatively. In this paper, some results are obtained as follows: (1) for any semilocal (hence semiperfect) ring R, U(R) is a finite (resp. locally finite) group if and only if R is a finite (resp. locally finite) ring; U(R) is a locally finite group if and only if U$(M_n(R))$ is a locally finite group where $M_n(R)$ is the full matrix ring of $n{\times}n$ matrices over R for any positive integer n; in addition, if $2=1_R+1_R$ is a unit in R, then U(R) is an abelian group if and only if R is a commutative ring; (2) for any semiperfect ring R, if E(R), the set of all idempotents in R, is commuting, then $R/J\cong\oplus_{i=1}^mD_i$ where each $D_i$ is a division ring for some positive integer m and |E(R)|=$2^m$; in addition, if 2=$1_R+1_R$ is a unit in R, then every idempotent is central.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.467-489
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• 1994

Let $\Omega$ be a closed and bounded polygonal domain in R$^2$, or a closed line segment in R$^1$ with boundary $\Gamma$, such that there exists an invertible mapping T : $\Omega$ \longrightarrow $\Omega$ with the following correspondence: x$\in$$\Omega$ ↔ x = T(x) $\in$$\Omega$, (1.1) and (1.2) t $\in$ U$\sub$p/($\Omega$) ↔ t = to T$\^$-1/ $\in$ U$\sub$p/($\Omega$), where $\Omega$ denotes the corresponding reference elements I = [-1,1] and I ${\times}$ I in R$^1$ and R$^2$ respectively, (1.3) U$\sub$p/($\Omega$) = {t : t is a polynomial of degree $\leq$ p in each variable on $\Omega$}, and (1.4) U$\sub$p/($\Omega$) = {t : t = to T $\in$ U$\sub$p/($\Omega$)}.(omitted)

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.169-175
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• 2001

Objects : The purpose of this study is find out significant (clinical) effect of applying acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) of ${\bar{U}m-kyo-maek$(陰?脈) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) of Yang-kyo-maek(陽?脈) to a patient of circadian sleep disorder. Methods : We apply acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) to a patient of circadian sleep disorder during 2 weeks. We check sleeping time day and night during 14 days. Acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder patient. Results : Acupuncture on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder patient. Conclusions : 1. The physio-pathologic phenomenon of sleeping is relative to ${\bar{U}m-kyo-maek$(陰?脈) and Yang-kyo-maek(陽?脈) 2. Acupuncture therapy on $zh{\grave{a}}h{\grave{a}}i$(K6, 照海) and $sh{\bar{e}}nm{\grave{a}}i$(B62, 申?) has significant effect to circadian sleep disorder.