• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.717-727
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic data on ways to facilitate effective communication between patients and dental hygienists, to improve the job satisfaction of dental hygienists, and to reduce the turnover rate among dental hygienists. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor was conducted targeting patients and dental hygienists. Methods: Data were collected from August 1 to September 20, 2018, from 367 participants, including 216 dental hygienists and 151 patients residing in Gwangju, Jeonnam. Using the co-orientation model, their perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor was analyzed through the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: With reference to objective consistency, patients showed a higher perception of dental hygienists' emotional labor than dental hygienists did, indicating that the former perceived the emotional labor more negatively. Regarding accuracy, there were significant differences in dental hygienists' response to six questions, while the same was observed for 11 questions for patients. Thus, the accuracy of dental hygienists was relatively higher than that of patients. Conclusions: To help dental hygienists perform dental health prevention activities more actively, consistently, and happily, and to establish commitment and professionalism in dental hygienists to enhance national dental health. Additionally, it would be necessary to sustain continuous research interest on measures for understanding the co-oriented relationship between patients and dental hygienists, and to solve the negative elements of dental hygienists' emotional labor.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of bullying in the workplace by dental hygienists and to determine whether workplace bullying affects job performance. Methods: Data were collected from 308 clinical dental hygienists working in dental medical institutions located in the whole country. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA were performed using SPSS 23.0 for analysis. Results: First, the main targets of bullying in the workplace were senior dental hygienists (53.6%) and dentists (24.7%). Second, the number of turnovers was a significant influence on bullying and job performance according to general characteristics. Finally, the 'improper work environment' among the subfactors of workplace bullying had a negative effect on 'job performance' (p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, we reviewed the actual condition of bullying in the workplace and whether bullying in the workplace affects job performance in the workforce problem of dental hygienists. In this regard, the importance of prevention of bullying in the workplace was discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Vascular endothelial cell injury or dysfunction has been implicated in the onset and' progression of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways within vascular endothelium play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, Recent evidence has provided compelling evidence to indicate that interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce proc inflammatory environment via oxidative stress-mediated up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells. In addition, apoptotic cell death within vascular endothelium has been hypothesized to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that IL-4 can induce apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells through the caspase-3-dependent pathway, suggesting that IL-4 can increase endothelial cell turnover by accelerated apoptosis, the event which may cause the dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. These studies will have a high probability of revealing new directions that lead to the development of clinical strategies toward the prevention and/or treatment for individuals with inflammatory vascular diseases including atherosclerosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2003

Nicotine is one of the major hazardous components in cigarettc smoke. Nicotine deals a harmful effect to smokers and passive smokers due to its rapid conversion to various carcinogenic metabolites. Nitrosamine-4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is believed to cause lung cancers among the nicotine-derived carcinogens. Recent studies report that NNK synthesis can be inhibited by the metabolism pathway to produce a stable metabolite cotinine from nicotine. Tea polyphenols have been known to contain factors to prevent cancers and to retard progression of cancers. This study aims to correlate tea polyphenol's potential for cancer prevention with an accelerated formation of cotinine. The conversion from nicotine to cotinine in the presence of tea extracts or three polyphenols (Catechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) was measured in established cell lines and in Xenopus oocytes. Among three lines of cell used, PLC/PRF5 and HEK293 cells showed a fast turnover from nicotine to cotinine while HepG2 cell line showed a marginal difference between groups treated and non-treated with tea polyphenols. When Xenopus oocytes were microinjected with nicotine, tea polyphenols appear to accelerate the conversion of nicotine to cotinine. Among the polyphenols tested in this study, (＋)－catechin showed the best efficiency overall in accelerating conversion from nicotine to cotinine both in the cell lines and in the oocytes. In summary, the present study indicated that tea polyphenols have a positive effect on conversion of nicotine to cotinine.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.424-435
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nursing organizational culture, work performance, and workplace bullying of nurses, and to identify the factors that affect workplace bullying. Methods: The design of this study was descriptive research, and the data were collected from October 26 to November 5, 2018. The research participants were 210 nurses in six general hospitals in G province. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff? post-hoc test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 22.0. Results: The workplace bullying type showed negative correlations with innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and work performance. The workplace bullying consequence showed negative correlations with the innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and work performance, and showed positive correlations with the workplace bullying type. The factors influencing the results of the workplace bullying consequence were workplace bullying type followed by relation-oriented culture, and unmarried status. Conclusion: Workplace bullying among nurses was related to the nursing organizational culture and work performance. Therefore, in order to reduce the turnover rate of nurses and to help them adapt well to the nursing organizational culture, a bullying prevention and intervention program is necessary.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by an intracellular parasitic protozoan of the genus Eimeria. Coccidia-induced gastrointestinal inflammation results in large economic losses, hence finding methods to decrease its prevalence is critical for industry participants and academic researchers. It has been demonstrated that coccidiosis can be effectively controlled and managed by employing anticoccidial chemical compounds. However, as a result of their extensive use, anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species has raised concerns. Phytochemical/herbal medicines (Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and garlic) seem to be a promising strategy for preventing coccidiosis, in accordance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" standards. The impact of herbal supplements on poultry coccidiosis is based on the reduction of oocyst output by preventing the proliferation and growth of Eimeria species in chicken gastrointestinal tissues and lowering intestinal permeability via increased epithelial turnover. This review provides a thorough up-to-date assessment of the state of the art and technologies in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, including the most used phytochemical medications, their mode of action, and the applicable legal framework in the European Union.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1769-1775
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• 2010

Menopause is often associated with the incidence of several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the possibility of osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) extracts on bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats. For this study, the following four groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated over 6 weeks: normal rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON) and ovariectomized rats that were treated with ES extracts. We measured the osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx) content, enzyme ALP activity in serum and collagen content in the cartilage, bone, skin and lungs. We found that the levels of indicators of bone metabolism such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and CTx were lower in rats in the ES extract group than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the collagen contents in the bone, cartilage, skin and lungs decreased in response to ovariectomy, but the levels of collagen were greater in the bone of rats that were treated with ES extract than in the bone of rats in the OVX-CON group. These results suggest that the ES may be an effective functional food to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 1994

Our purpose was to know whether photo-induced adequate nitric oxide (PIANO)-mediated relaxation of rat aorta is involved in cyclic GMP increment as well as inhibition of phosphatidylinositide hydrolysis due to phenylephrine (PE). Isometric tension was measured in vitro in response to either agents that modulate NO production or release NO by photolysis of photosensitizing agents in rat aorta that had been contracted with PE submaximally. PIANO-mediated relaxation was accompanied by increment of cyclic GMP, which was dependent on the intensity and duration of light exposure and concentration of photosensitizers. Phosphatidylinositide (PI) turnover augmented by PE was significantly inhibited by PIANO. These findings indiate that cGMP increment is responsible for PIANO-mediated relaxation and which may account for the inhibition of PI turnover due to ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ receptor stimulation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2002

Age-related osteopenia and osteoporosis are common in postmenopausal women due to decrease in bone mass and ovarian function. A therapy for osteoporosis would depend on only drugs to inhibit bone loss, hormonal replacement therapy, exercise and dietary supplementation and it is very hard to fad an ideal therapy for osteoporosis as yet. Chlorella which is rich in minerals such as calcium magnesium fatty acids, vitamins and sterol, could be applicable for prevention and co-treatment of osteoporosis, but it has yet to be studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the effect of dietary chlorella on bone mineral density (BMD) and nutritional improvement. BMD was measured in the femural neck and lumber spine portion. Nutritional and bone turnover markers from blood samples were assessed serum lkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes and total protein. Studies for the femur neck measurement showed that normal BMD increased 2.1% for the group fed chlorella supplemented diet for four month and increased 6.6% fur group treated for one year when compared to the control group, and for the lumber spine measurements the few month group showed an increase of 9.1% over the control group, the one year group showed an increase of 64.2% over the control group. Hemoglobin content, number of erythrocytes and total protein showed similar increased patterns with BMD measurement, meanwhile, serum alkaline phosphatase increased 3% for the four month group and decrease 16% for the one year group compare to the control group. In conclusion, the postmenopausal women fed chlorella supplemented diet results in an increase in BMD. This is a marked increment in lumber spine, enhancement of nutritional state and stable bone turnover. This data showed a positive relationship between BMD and nutritional change with chlorella treatment, and suggested that chlorella dietary may lead to improving and preventing rapid loss of BMD in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2010

This study was done to evaluate the effect of Ca source using fish (Tilapia mossambica) scales on the bone metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks of age, were fed low-calcium diet (0.15% Ca) for 2 weeks. The rats on the low-calcium diet were further assigned to one of following three groups for an additional 4 weeks: 1) Ca-depletion group (LoCa) given 0.15% Ca diet ($CaCO_3$), 2) Ca-repletion group (AdCa) given 0.5% Ca diet ($CaCO_3$), 3) Ca-repletion diet (AdFa) received 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales). Serum parathyroid (PTH) and calcitonin showed no differences among experimental groups. Whereas LoCa group elevated the turnover markers, serum ALP and osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), AdCa and AdFa groups reduced their values. Elevation in the femoral weight, ash and Ca contents was observed in AdCa and AdFa groups. Bone mineral density was increased in AdCa and AdFa groups by 25-26% compared with LoCa group. These data demonstrate that Ca repletion with either Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales or $CaCO_3$ is similarly effective in the improvement of bone turnover markers and BMD, suggesting the usefulness of Tilapia mossambica scales in the prevention of bone loss compared with $CaCO_3$.