• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1988

Square slices of sea tangle was dried in constant condition of thickness (1.54mm), air temperature $(50^{\circ}C)$, relative humidity $(30\%)$ and air velocity (0.4m/s). The shrunk surface area and the shrinking rate were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Comparing the shrinking of transverse section with that of vertical section, the transverse section was proceeded more double shrinkage than vertical section. 2) The shrunk surface area curve showed nearly a linear shrinkage up to 90min of drying time. 3) The shrinking rate was rapidly increased in first falling rate period, and was largest in the early period of second falling rate period.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study estimates the performance of confined concrete according to the configuration of transverse steel bars. The main test variables were the yield strength of spiral reinforcement and configuration of transverse reinforcement. A total of 27 specimens with rectangular cross section were cast and tested under monotonic concentric compression. R-type specimens with rectangular spirals, C-type specimens with circular spirals and O-type specimens with combined shape of rectangular and octagon were designed in this study. From experimental results, it is concluded that the proposed configuration of transverse reinforcement can provided improved ductility to the confined concrete compared to rectangular spiral reinforcement.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

In this study, a closed-form analysis has been developed for the transverse shear behavior of thin-walled composite beams with closed cross-sections. The shear flow distributions and cross-section stiffness coefficients are derived analytically by using a mixed beam approach. The theory has been applied to single-celled composite box-beams with elastic couplings. The location of the shear center and the effect of transverse shear deformation on the static behavior of composite beams are investigated in the framework of the analysis. The present results are validated against those of a two-dimensional finite element analysis and a good correlation has been obtained for box-beam cases considered in this study.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.305-323
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• 2014

This paper presents numerical simulations of partially encased composite columns (PEC) with equivalent steel sections. The composite section of PEC column consists of thin walled welded H- shaped steel section with transverse links provided at regular intervals between the flanges. Concrete is poured in the space between the flanges and the web plate. Most of the structural analysis and design software do not handle such composite members due to highly nonlinear material behavior of concrete as well as due to the complex interfacial behaviour of steel and concrete. In this paper an attempt has been made to replace the steel concrete composite section by an equivalent steel section which can be easily incorporated in the design and analysis software. The methodology used for the formulation of the equivalent steel section is described briefly in the paper. Finite element analysis is conducted using the equivalent steel section of partially encased composite columns tested under concentric gravity loading. The reference test columns are obtained from the literature, encompassing a variety of geometric and material properties. The finite element simulations of the composite columns with equivalent steel sections are found to predict the experimental behaviour of partially encased composite columns with very good accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.267-268
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• 2010

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.517-529
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• 2009

A passive vibration mitigation architecture is proposed to damp transverse vibrations of guyed masts. The scheme is based on a number of pendula attached to the mast and tuned to the vibration modes to be controlled. This scheme differs from the well-known autoparametric pendulum absorber system. The equations of motion of the guyed mast with an arbitrary number of pendula are obtained. The leading bending behaviour of a typical truss mast is described by an equivalent beam model whereas the guys are conveniently modeled as equivalent transverse springs whose stiffness comprises the elastic and geometric stiffness. By assuming a mast with an inertially and elastically isotropic cross-section, a planar model of the guyed mast is investigated. The linearization of the equations of motion of the mast subject to a harmonic distributed force leads to the transfer functions of the structure without the dampers and with the dampers. The transfer functions allow to investigate the mitigation effects of the pendula. By employing one pendulum only, tuned to the frequency of the lowest mode, the effectiveness of the passive vibration potential in reducing the motion and acceleration of the top section of the mast is demonstrated.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

As microvascular techniques continue to improve, perforator flap free tissue transfer is now the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. Various options are available for breast reconstruction with autologous tissue. These include the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, superficial inferior epigastric artery flap, superior gluteal artery perforator flap, and transverse/vertical upper gracilis flap. In addition, pedicled flaps can be very successful in the right hands and the right patient, such as the pedicled TRAM flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and thoracodorsal artery perforator. Each flap comes with its own advantages and disadvantages related to tissue properties and donor-site morbidity. Currently, the problem is how to determine the most appropriate flap for a particular patient among those potential candidates. Based on a thorough review of the literature and accumulated experiences in the author's institution, this article provides a logical approach to autologous breast reconstruction. The algorithms presented here can be helpful to customize breast reconstruction to individual patient needs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1998

In traditional method, the establishment of database for current data of underground utilities would frequently occur a lot of losses in the time, economic effect and problems of accuracy because the procedure for the generations of transverse and vertical section mapping would be composed of many steps and the establishment of underground utility is inefficiently accomplished. The goals of this study are 1) to obtain digital information and data aquisition simultaneously by realtime in the field, 2) to develop the computer program of generation of transverse and vertical section mapping based on the plan for data transformation. As a result of this study, the establishment of database for underground utilities is able to save the time and improve economic effect and accuracy while minimizing errors in rewriting and acquiring data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.295-316
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• 2008

In the present paper a mechanical model to predict the compressive response of high strength short concrete columns with square cross-section confined by transverse steel is presented. The model allows one to estimate the equivalent confinement pressures exercised by transverse steel during the loading process taking into account of the interaction of the stirrups with the inner core both in the plane of the stirrups and in the space between two successive stirrups. The lateral pressure distributions at hoop levels are obtained by using a simple model of elastic beam on elastic medium simulating the interaction between stirrups and concrete core, including yielding of steel stirrups and damage of concrete core by means of the variation in the elastic modulus and in the Poisson's coefficient. Complete stress-strain curves in compression of confined concrete core are obtained considering the variation of the axial forces in the leg of the stirrup during the loading process. The model was compared with some others presented in the literature and it was validated on the basis of the existing experimental data. Finally, it was shown that the model allows one to include the main parameters governing the confinement problems of high strength concrete members such as: - the strength of plain concrete and its brittleness; - the diameter, the pitch and the yielding stress of the stirrups; - the diameter and the yielding stress of longitudinal bars; - the side of the member, etc.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2008

The elastic critical moment of I-beams subjected to moment is directly affected by the following factors; loading type; loading position with respect to the mid-height of the cross section; end restraint conditions. Most design specifications usually provide buckling solutions derived for uniform moment loading condition and account for variable moment along the unbraced length with a moment gradient correction factor applied to these solutions. In order for the method in the SSRC Guide to be applicable for singly symmetric I-beams, improved moment gradient correction factors were proposed in this study. Finite element buckling analyses of singly symmetric I-beams subjected to transverse loading applied at different heights with respect to the mid-height of the cross section were conducted. Transverse loads consisting of a mid-span point load and a uniformly distributed load were considered in the investigation.