• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

The recent explosion in the Internet applications, Internet. host number and the traffic in the IP backbone network is posing new challenges for transport network. This requires a high-speed IP backbone network that has a substantially higher bandwidth than the one offered by current networks, which prompts the development of all-optical network. To obtain optical network utilization gains, we need a software which establishs logical topology to make possible the efficient use or physical topology, and control the optical network in combination with the IP layer routing protocols. Finally, the logical topology is required higher efficient than physical topology. For this an efficient algorithm for the routing and wavelength assignment(RWA) in the WDM all-optical network is necessary. In this paper, two kinds of heuristic algorithms to establish logical topology for WDM networks and arc applied to the design of logical topology of domestic backbone network. These algorithms are found to work quite well and they arc compared with each other in terms of blocking rate, etc.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2013

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are regarded as a promising alternative to replace the existing automotive power sources. To get high performance and long-term durability for PEMFC systems, novel water management is essential. To this end, a comprehensive understanding of dynamics of the liquid water droplets within an operating PEMFC plays an important role. In this work, direct visualization of dynamic behaviors of the water droplet in the ex situ unit flow channel of a PEMFC including gas diffusion layer (GDL) is carried out as one of the fundamental studies for novel water management. Water droplet dynamics such as the movement and growth of liquid water droplets are mainly presented. Effects of GDL characteristics and inlet air flow rate on the water droplet transport and its removal from the flow channel are also discussed. The data obtained in this study can contribute to build up the fundamental operating strategy including balanced water removal capacity for automotive PEMFC systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

This paper proposes an efficient two-dimensional simulation model for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on the electrochemical effectiveness model. The effectiveness model is known to accurately predict the current generation performance of SOFC electrodes, by considering the complex reaction/transport processes that occur within thin active functional layers near the electrolyte. After validation tests, the two-dimensional simulation model was used to calculate the distribution of current density and oxygen concentration transverse to the flow channel in anode-supported SOFCs, with which the oxygen depletion characteristics were investigated in detail. In addition, simulations were also conducted to determine the minimum number of grids required in the transverse direction to efficiently obtain accurate results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 2005

In general, multiple mobile hosts (MH) access at a base station (BS) that terminates the wired link and relays data flow to the wireless link in wired and wireless heterogeneous network. In this network, the BS is tend to be a bottleneck and to degrade a network performance. Many studies have been done throughout several protocol layers. Especially on the transport layer, many techniques were studied to enhance TCP performance. But most of them are concerned to enhance TCP throughput and TCP fairness is hardly considered. In this paper, an algorithm for enhancing TCP fairness is proposed and its performance is verified by ns-2 simulation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.6
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• pp.865-874
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• 2002

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a transfer protocol used by the World Wide Web distributed hypermedia system to retrieve the objects. Because HTTP is a connection oriented protocol, it uses TCP (Transmission control Protocol) as a transport layer. But it is known that HTTP interacts with TCP badly. it is discussed about factors affecting the performance or HTTP over TCP, the transaction time obtained by the per-transaction TCP connections for HTTP access and the TCP slow-start overheads, and the transaction time for T-TCP (Transaction TCP) which is one or methods improving the performance or HTTP over TCP. Average waiting time and average turnaround time are important parameters to satisfy QoS (Quality of Service) of end users. Formulas for calculating two parameters are derived. Such formulas can be used for the environment in which each TCP or T-TCP transaction time is same or different. Some experiments and computational experiences indicate that the proposed formulas are well acted, can be applied to the environment which the extension of bandwidth is necessary, and time characteristics of T-TCP are superior to that of TCP. Also, the load distribution method of web server based on the combination of bandwidths is discussed to reduce average waiting time and average turnaround time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1508-1516
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• 2017

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a transport layer protocol that supports multipath transmission. If a bufferbloat occurs in one of the subflows of MPTCP, HoL blocking occurs at the receiver due to the difference in packet arrival time among paths. In MPTCP, HoL blocking degrades not only the performance of the path where bufferbloat occurs, but also the performance of other paths. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth measurement based scheduler to solve this problem. Bandwidth measurement based scheduler is designed to measure the bandwidth of each subflow and to perform packet scheduling based on it. In order to verify the proposed scheduler, we implemented the proposed scheduler in the Linux kernel and constructed a testbed in which bufferbloat occurs. Experimental results show that the proposed scheduler has better performance than the legacy MPTCP in bufferbloat environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.533-535
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• 2017

MQTT provides three QoS levels on top of the TCP/IP layer to ensure message delivery reliability. However, in an environment where messages are concurrently transmitted and received in a node, messages are lost due to the delivery method for QoS level. In this paper, it construct an experimental environment in which MQTT generates concurrently messages, and confirm the message reliability according to QoS level. Therefore, we analyze the message reception ratio on the subscriber side by changing number of publisher and transmission cycle of message. Experimental results show that the message reception ratio of 1 and 2 except QoS level 0 decreases as the number of publisher increases or the message transmission cycle increases.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.2
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• pp.485-494
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• 2004

Recently, the wireless internet terminals like mobile phones or PDAs prevail in the management of customers. With such terminals, businessmen can get business data and information of customers in real time, in connection with mobile group wares. By the wireless terminals, customers can conveniently get information of goods, search purchase sites, and give orders and do settlement. This paper aims to present the safe data integrity modules of the wireless internet terminal, for service providing correct real-time promotion information, by using users' disposition, situation, Purchase information. This study aims to suggest an implementation methodology of security module for data integrity of mobile internet terminal. This is based on the WTLS of WAP Protocol. This security module is expected to achieve central role in conversion of wireless internet environment and emphasis of encryption technology and safe and calculable wireless communication environment construction

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2013

태양전지는 무기태양전지와 유기태양전지 등이 연구 되고 있는데 [1] 그 중 유기물질의 장점(높은 수율, solution phase processing, 저비용으로 전력 생산)과 무기재료의 장점(높은 전자 이동도, 넓은 흡수 범위, 우수한 환경 및 열 안정성)을 융합함으로써 장기적 구조안정성의 확보와 광전변환의 고 효율화를 동시에 달성하기 위한 유기무기 하이브리드 태양전지가 최근 큰 관심을 끌고 있다[2]. 본 연구에서는 hybrid photovoltaics에 유기물 MDMO-PPV와 전도성 고분자 PEDOT:PSS를 무기물 GaN 위에 spin coating 하여 두께에 다른 효율을 측정하였다. 유기물 MDMO-PPV는 p-형으로 클로로벤젠, 톨루엔과 같은 유기 용매에 잘 녹으며 HOMO 5.33eV, LUMO 2.97eV, energy band gap 2.4eV이며 99.5%의 순도 물질을 사용하였다. 또한 정공 수송층(hole transport layer, HTL)으로 PEDOT:PSS를 사용하였으며, HOMO 5.0eV, LUMO 3.6eV, energy band gap 1.4eV를 가지며 증류수나 에탄올과 같은 수용성 용매에 잘 녹는 특성을 가지고 있다. 무기물은 III-V 족 물질 n-GaN(002)을 사용하였고 valence band energy 1.9eV, conduction band energy 6.3eV, energy band gap 3.4eV, 높은 전자 이동도와 높은 포화 속도, 광전자 소자에 유리한 광 전기적 특성을 가지고 있다. 기판으로는 GaN와 격자 부정합도와 열팽창계수 부정합도가 큰 Sapphire (Al2O3) 이종 기판을 사용하였다. 전극으로 Au를 사용하였으며 E-beam증착하였다. Reflector로서 Al를 thermal evaporator로 증착하였다 [3]. 실험 과정은 두께에 따른 효율을 알아보기 위해 MDMO-PPV를 900~1,500 rpm으로 spin coating 하였고, 열처리에 따른 효율을 알아보기 위해 열처리 온도 조건을 $110{\sim}170^{\circ}C$의 변화를 주었다. FE-SEM으로 표면과 단면을 관찰하였으며 J-V 특성을 알아보기 위해 각 샘플마다 solar simulator를 사용하여 측정하였고 그 결과를 논의하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2008

The magneto-transport properties of an individual single crystalline Bi nanowire grown by a spontaneous growth method are reported. A four-terminal device based on an individual 400-nm-diameter nanowire was successfully fabricated using a plasma etching technique that removed an oxide layer that had formed on the surface of the nanowire. Large transverse ordinary magnetoresistance (1401%) and negative longitudinal ordinary magnetoresistance (-38%) were measured at 2 K. It was observed that the period of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in transverse geometry was $0.074^{T-1}$, $0.16^{T-1}$ and $0.77^{T-1}$, which is in good agreement with those of bulk Bi. However, it was found that the period of SdH oscillation in longitudinal geometry is $0.24^{T-1}$, which is larger than the value of $0.16^{T-1}$ reported for bulk Bi. The deviation is attributable to the spatial confinement arising from scattering at the nanowire surface boundary.