• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigates lay beliefs about the etiology and treatments of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome, as well as identifying sociodemographic and personality variables affecting these beliefs among South Koreans. Methods: In total, 673 participants (mean age $41.77{\pm}12.03$ years) completed an online survey regarding their beliefs about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The factors related to their lay beliefs about the disorders were analyzed, and the correlates were investigated. Results: Results indicated that lay people in South Korea held strong beliefs that the causes of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome lie within the parenting/psychological and neurological/biological categories, compared to the dietary/environmental one. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, age, and levels of subjective mental health knowledge were primarily associated with the aforementioned beliefs. Familiarity with tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome was also associated with these beliefs. Among the personality traits investigated, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant influences on the beliefs people had about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusion: The results suggest that both policy makers and mental health service providers should adopt a strategic approach for developing and implementing health education interventions about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome because individual sociodemographic variables, familiarity with the disorders, and personality traits are all associated with the beliefs about these disorders.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

Objective This study aimed to analyze randomized controlled trials of the effect of acupuncture on Tourette syndrome and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Methods Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Pubmed search with the key search terms of 'Tourette syndrome, acupuncture', dated from 2000 to 2021, ten randomized controlled trials were identified and analyzed for this study. Results 1. The most commonly used acupoints were Taechung (LR3), Sinmun (HT7), Hapgok (LI4), Pungji (GB20) and Backhoe (GV20). 2. The most commonly used meridians were Bladder Meridian, Stomach Meridian and Gallbladder Meridian. 3. Acupuncture treatment was found to be significantly more or equally effective than western medicine such as haloperidol and tiapride. Conclusions Based on the results of the randomized controlled trials analyzed in this study, acupuncture was found to be effective in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. However, more clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of acupuncture in Tourette syndrome.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2022

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy in patients with Tourette's syndrome. Methods We queried nine electronic databases using the keywords "Tourette's Syndrome" and "tuina OR chuna" to identify RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy in patients with Tourette's syndrome. Results Thirteen RCTs were selected according to the inclusion criteria. A systematic review showed that Chuna manual therapy can have a curative effect on patients with Tourette's syndrome. Conclusions In this study, 13 RCTs reported that Chuna manual therapy was effective for Tourette's syndrome. These findings provide a basis for its clinical use. However, all studies involved populations belonging to the same country. Many studies lacked details of the research methodology. Therefore, further studies are required to produce high-quality evidence.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.171-182
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the improvement in a patient who had Tourette syndrome treated with Hoeyeoksan based on Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: The symptoms of the patient were checked on days 14, 34, 62, 82, 103, and 119 after administration of Hoeyeoksan. Tourette syndrome was evaluated using Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), and oversleep and constipation were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS). In addition, new clinical implications for the interpretation of Shanghanlun provision 318 were reviewed. Results: Daily tics occurred ten times a day for 14 days after the initial diagnosis but decreased to eight times a day after 34 days, six times a day after 62 days, five times a day after 82 days, twice a day after 103 days, and once a day after 119 days after administration of Hoeyeoksan. Oversleep and constipation improved together with Tourette syndrome. Conclusions: In this study, we observed that Hoeyeoksan had a therapeutic effect by improving the chief complaint of the patient. Hence, the interpretation of Shanghanlun provision 318 must include a patient's behavioral and sleep patterns as predisposing factors of Tourette syndrome.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2008

We have cared for a 13years old boy, who has Tourette Syndrome and symptoms of vocal tic and motor tic for 5years, since 9months ago. We have treated him with korean herb medicine, 8-constitution acupuncture, Chimsband, Neurofeedback, EFT therapy. After taking treatment, his YGTSS score was down to 38 from 119, and his tic symtoms altered for the better. We think korean herb medicine had a powerful effect and Neurofeedback was effective. Especially, SMR Beta Training of all programs of Neurofeedback was effective and well-directed. The EFT program helped him improved also, but it need much of time to apply. When we evaluated the condition of patient who was under the Cans 3000, we could not find any relationship between tic symtoms and Cans 3000. When we treat Tourette Syndrome, having the patience is important at a distance of time. Because Tourette Syndrome is a kind of unstable symptoms, so we would not care to predict what the result will be in a brief space of time.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.303-318
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• 2017

Objectives: To establish a base for further research by reviewing studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Tourette Syndrome. This is the purpose of this study. Methods: Clinical studies involving the effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Tourette Syndrome, published January 2010~June 2017, were obtained from CNKI, Pubmed. Selected Studies were evaluated by the Jadad Scale. Results: Among a total of 252 articles, 39 articles that meet the criteria were selected. 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)' was most frequently used as diagnosis criteria. 'Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS)' was primarily used for outcome measurements. Most of the studies showed effective results of traditional Chinese medicine therapy. However, the quality of a selected clinical studies was low. Conclusions: Despite several limitations, various studies to prove limited yet effective traditional Chinese medicine treatment on Tourette Syndrome provides much significance. Subsequent studies conducted by the complementary systematic review and well-designed clinical trials using the methodological quality will be needed to more firmly validate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.134-137
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• 1998

Authors report a case of separation anxiety disorder, which developed as a side effect during haloperidol treatment of Tourette syndrome(TS). In this case, 14 years old boy developed attention deficit symptoms during his infancy. At 4th grade of primary school, he developed vocal tic, motor tic, and coprolalia. With 5mg/day of haloperidol treatment his symptoms of TS were subsided. During the treatment, he developed features of separation anxiety disorder, including dependence, pleading, clinging, and sadness. Symptoms of attention deficit and separation anxiety disorder were improved by 25mg/day of imipramine treatment. During haloperidol treatment of TS, careful observation may be needed whether separation anxiety disorder-like symptom develops.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.861-869
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• 2022

In patients with Tourette's syndrome, a tic occurs when Mu wave synchronization is broken. Conversely, when Mu wave synchronization is achieved, a tick does not occur. When the tic is suppressed, the cognitive control response process is changed, and if the neurofeedback training that adjusts the EEG frequency power is performed with the changed, the patient will be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic. The results of the research test suggest that if the tic patient does not artificially synchronize mu waves in the premotor cortex (Frontal Cortical 3 site), and if EEG control is performed autonomously like neurofeedback training, as a result, tics do not occur. Cognitive control response processes are altered when a subject is inhibited from tics. By training the altered cognitive control with neurofeedback that modulates EEG frequency power, the patient can be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic.Mu-wave synchronizationcan now be added to existing neurofeedback treatment protocols such as SMR reinforcement, theta-beta-wave imbalance correction, and alpha-wave reinforcement. This study will be used in follow-up studies and clinical trials to more scientifically verify the neurofeedback treatment protocol, a treatment for patients with Tourette's syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a chronic motor and vocal tic disorder of childhood onset. Abnornmalities in basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits may play an important role in the pathophysiology underlying the involuntary tics. It is often complicated by comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique with research ap-plication. As there is good evidence that this technique can modify cortical activity, repetitive TMS is also used for treatment to change the cortical excitability and therefore affect underlying interconnected cortical-sub-cortical loop. We reviewed the neurophysiologic parameters and the clinical applicability of TMS and rTMS.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2023

Objectives: According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the main categories of tic disorders (F95.0, F95.1, and F95.2) follow a diagnostic hierarchy based on the duration and diversity of tic symptoms. The present study investigated the use of this diagnostic hierarchy in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, the diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) made after a diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) or Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) and diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) made after a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) were referred to as type A errors. The diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) repeated after a period of >12 months was referred to as type B error. Demographic and clinical differences according to the diagnostic error types were analyzed using analysis of variance, Student's t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Most participants (96.5%) were without errors in the diagnosis of tic disorders. Higher proportions of males (p=0.005) and antipsychotic prescriptions (p<0.001) were observed in patients with type A or B diagnostic errors. A higher proportion of health insurance holders was observed among those with type A errors (p=0.027). Conclusion: Errors were absent in majority of the tic diagnoses in real-world clinical practice in terms of the diagnostic hierarchy.