Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Beliefs about Tic Disorders and Tourette's Syndrome in South Korea: An Online Panel Survey

  • Lee, Minji (Clinical Research Center, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health) ;
  • Park, Subin (Clinical Research Center, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health)
  • Received : 2019.04.11
  • Accepted : 2019.05.22
  • Published : 2019.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigates lay beliefs about the etiology and treatments of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome, as well as identifying sociodemographic and personality variables affecting these beliefs among South Koreans. Methods: In total, 673 participants (mean age $41.77{\pm}12.03$ years) completed an online survey regarding their beliefs about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The factors related to their lay beliefs about the disorders were analyzed, and the correlates were investigated. Results: Results indicated that lay people in South Korea held strong beliefs that the causes of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome lie within the parenting/psychological and neurological/biological categories, compared to the dietary/environmental one. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, age, and levels of subjective mental health knowledge were primarily associated with the aforementioned beliefs. Familiarity with tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome was also associated with these beliefs. Among the personality traits investigated, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant influences on the beliefs people had about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusion: The results suggest that both policy makers and mental health service providers should adopt a strategic approach for developing and implementing health education interventions about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome because individual sociodemographic variables, familiarity with the disorders, and personality traits are all associated with the beliefs about these disorders.

Keywords

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders $(DSM-5^{(R)})$. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub;2013.
  2. Tagwerker Gloor F, Walitza S. Tic disorders and Tourette syndrome: current concepts of etiology and treatment in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics 2016;47:84-96. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1570492
  3. Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Tourette's disorder: epidemiology and comorbidity in primary school children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:548-555. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200005000-00007
  4. Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A, Edwards MJ, Elamin I, Martino D. Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013;37:1040-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010
  5. Chao TK, Hu J, Pringsheim T. Prenatal risk factors for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014;14:53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-53
  6. Mills S, Hedderly T. A guide to childhood motor stereotypies, tic disorders and the tourette spectrum for the primary care practitioner. Ulster Med J 2014;83:22-30.
  7. Marcks BA, Berlin KS, Woods DW, Davies WH. Impact of Tourette syndrome: a preliminary investigation of the effects of disclosure on peer perceptions and social functioning. Psychiatry 2007;70:59-67. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2007.70.1.59
  8. Rivera-Navarro J, Cubo E, Almazan J. The diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome: communication and impact. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009;14:13-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104508100127
  9. Bener A, Ghuloum S. Gender differences in the knowledge, attitude and practice towards mental health illness in a rapidly developing Arab society. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2011;57:480-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764010374415
  10. Segal DL, Coolidge FL, Mincic MS, O'Riley A. Beliefs about mental illness and willingness to seek help: a cross-sectional study. Aging Ment Health 2005;9:363-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860500131047
  11. Hamid A, Furnham A. Factors affecting attitude towards seeking professional help for mental illness: a UK Arab perspective. Ment Health Relig Cult 2013;16:741-758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2012.718753
  12. Lauber C, Falcato L, Nordt C, Rossler W. Lay beliefs about causes of depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2003;108:96-99. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s418.19.x
  13. Hansson L, Stjernsward S, Svensson B. Changes in attitudes, intended behaviour, and mental health literacy in the Swedish population 2009-2014: an evaluation of a national antistigma programme. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016;134 Suppl 446:71-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12609
  14. Brook U, Boaz M. Attitude and knowledge of high school pupils towards adolescents with special needs (Tourette's syndrome). Indian J Pediatr 2006;73:1099-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02763054
  15. Goldberg LR. An alternative "description of personality": the bigfive factor structure. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;59:1216-1229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216
  16. Kim H, Zhang Q, Svynarenko R. Personality traits and health literacy. Journal of Family Medicine & Community Health 2017;4:1102-1108.
  17. Marcks BA, Woods DW, Teng EJ, Twohig MP. What do those who know, know? Investigating providers' knowledge about Tourette's syndrome and its treatment. Cogn Behav Pract 2004;11:298-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80044-0
  18. Katona C. Familiarity with and attitudes to Tourette's syndrome in healthcare students: a pilot comparison with epilepsy. Eur J Psychiatry 2013;27:129-136. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632013000200006
  19. Gosling SD, Rentfrow PJ, Swann WB. A very brief measure of the big-five personality domains. J Res Pers 2003;37:504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
  20. Lee M, Sul S, Kim H. The impact of moral decision style on impression formation. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology 2014;28:201-223.
  21. Johnston C, Freeman W. Parents' beliefs about ADHD: implications for assessment and treatment. The ADHD Report 2002;10:6-9. https://doi.org/10.1521/adhd.10.1.6.20567
  22. Oh H, Lee EK. Caregiver burden and social support among mothers raising children with developmental disabilities in South Korea. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education 2009;56:149-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/10349120902868624
  23. Farrer L, Leach L, Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF. Age differences in mental health literacy. BMC Public Health 2008;8:125. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-125
  24. Dietrich S, Beck M, Bujantugs B, Kenzine D, Matschinger H, Angermeyer MC. The relationship between public causal beliefs and social distance toward mentally ill people. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2004;38:348-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01363.x
  25. Kim T. A study on structure changes of university based on data for 15 years. Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society 2014;16:187-200.
  26. Roccas S, Sagiv L, Schwartz SH, Knafo A. The big five personality factors and personal values. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2002;28:789-801. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289008
  27. Arbuckle TY, Gold D, Andres D. Cognitive functioning of older people in relation to social and personality variables. Psychol Aging 1986;1:55-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.1.1.55
  28. Friedrich S, Morgan SB, Devine C. Children's attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer with Tourette syndrome. J Pediatr Psychol 1996;21:307-319. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/21.3.307
  29. McCrae RR, Costa Jr PT, Martin TA, Oryol VE, Senin IG, O'Cleirigh C. Personality correlates of HIV stigmatization in Russia and the United States. J Res Pers 2007;41:190-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.002