• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.50-62
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• 2002

From modernism to post-modernism, the practice in the design field often reduced the complexity of environment and to remove variety. However, contemporary ideas of space have been changed. The current thought premise is that the environment is mutable and is evolving according to inner and outer forces and elements. Therefore, leading designers recognize that the environment is complex in itself while anticipating a new theory explaining on-going trends. The idea of fold formulated by Gilles Deleuze can provide a theoretical base for new environmental design in constrat to current design practices. The fold is a hybrid by accommodating complex relations within an object. It carries a dynamic world view through continual process and yields a topological space against absolute space like Euclid geometry. The characteristics of the fold can be paraphrased as rhizome, stratification and smooth space. Rhizome forms a non-hierarchial connection like networking in internet space. Stratification is a kind of superimposition of autonomous potential layers within a single object. Smooth space is a free space and event oriented space keeping non-linear form. This study tried to incorporate the idea of fold to environmental design methods and design process in order to make space which can correspond with complex environment and topological form. In the design process adapted to fold theory, rhizome analysis accepts the complexity of environment and stratification strategy embraces the possibility of accidental use. As a result, the designed park carries a monadic image and produces an ambiguous space. Lastly, smooth space makes topological space unlike Euclid geometry and is free space comosed by the user themselves. Transporting the idea of fold into environmental design could be an alterative way for indeterminate and flexible design to accept new identity of place. Therefore, this study accepts the concept of incidental morphogenesis to make space based on the complexity of environment. The designed space based on the idea of fold searches to create free event space determined by user rather than designated by designer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2011

We will report atomically sharp epitaxial growth of $Bi_2Se_3$ three-dimensional topological insulator films on Si(111) substrate with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It was achieved by employing two step growth temperatures to prevent any formation of second phase, like as $SiSe_2$ clusters, between $Bi_2Se_3$ and Si substrate at the early stage of growth. The growth rate was determined completely by Bi flux and the Bi:Se flux ratio was kept ~1:15. The second-phase-free atomically sharp interface was verified by RHEED, TEM and XRD. Based on the RHEED analysis, the lattice constant of $Bi_2Se_3$ relaxed to its bulk value during the first quintuple layer implying the absence of strain from the substrate. Single-crystalline XRD peaks of $Bi_2Se_3$ were observed in films as thin as 4 QL. TEM shows full epitaxial structure of $Bi_2Se_3$ film down to the first quintuple layer without any second phases. This growth method was used to grow high quality epitaxial $Bi_2Se_3$ films from 3 QL to 3600 QL. The magneto-transport properties of these thin films show a robust 2D surface state which is thickness independent.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

This study aims to draw out planning principles and structure of Iksan imperial capital city in late Baekje, especially in view of the relationship among imperial capital city planning area, skeletal axis and the location of royal castle. With site survey and analysis of historical records, old maps, topographical maps, archeological excavation data, land registration map of 1915, some significant inferences were drawn out. Firstly from the point of topological conditions, the contiguous line of a stratum from Mireuk mountain(彌勒山) to Wangkung-ri castle(王宮里遺蹟) and two waterways made a topological axis of Iksan Imperial capital city. Secondly district of Iksan imperial capital city can be deduced to the inner area north to Kummado soil wall(金馬都土城), south to the confluence of Iksan river(益山川) and Busang river(扶桑川), west to Okum mountain fortress(五金山城) and Galjeon river(葛田川), east to line near to eastern wall of Jesuksa temple(帝釋寺). Iksan ssang-reung(益山雙陵) was located outside western boundary line of capital city. Thirdly axis from Wangkung-ri castle to northern Kummado soil wall made a skeletal axis of city structure. It got through northern lowland along Buk river(北川) between Yonghwa(龍華山) and Mireuk mountain. Fourthly the location of royal palace can be deduced to the north part of the city around Kumma town area along the planning principle of northern royal palace.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 1996

In a series of original papers, [1-17] efficient methods and algorithms have been presented, for the exact solution of many reliability problems represented by binary networks. A starting point of these methods was the concept of domination, firstly introduced in ,elation with reliability problems in [2]. It's application to directed networks resulted in the development of a topological formula for the classical problem of the two terminal reliability. This result was extended later to the all-terminal and the k-terminal reliability problems. All papers mentioned above use a path oriented representation for the network topology. In practical applications, however, it is common and often advantageous to work with cut sets. This article considers the Domination theory for reliability problem of a network. Some topological formula are derived and the power and the application of this formula are shown through the alternative proof of topological formula of A. Satyanarayana [2].

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

In this paper we study the use of polyinstantiation for spatial data, for the purpose of solving cover in topology channel in multilevel secure spatial database systems. Spatial database system with topological structure has a number of spatial analysis function using spatial data and neighbored one\`s each other. But. it has problems that information flow is occurred by topological relationship in spatial database systems. Geographic Information System(CIS) must be needed mandatory access control because there ,are many information flow through positioning information And topological relationship between spatial objects. Moreover, most GIS applications also graphe user interface(GUI). In addressing these problems, we design the MLS/SRDM(Multi Level Security/Spatial Relational Data Model) and propose polyinstantiation for spatial data for solving information flow that occurred by toplogical relationship of spatial data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

In Korea, there are debris-flow disasters induced by typhoon and localized torrential rainfall annually. There are particularly extensive debris-flow disasters in Gangwon-do because of its geomorphological characteristics; the extensive coverage of mountainous region, steep slope, and shallow soil. In this paper, we constructed a GIS database about topological characteristics of debris-flow basin in Gangwon-do by years of field survey. Also, we conducted frequency analysis based on this database with the digital forest type map and the digital soil map. We analyzed frequencies of debris-flow by simple count for topological characteristics, whereas we analyzed by considering an area ratio based on GIS for physiognomic and geologic characteristics. We used slope, aspect, width, depth and destruction shapes for analysis about topological characteristics of debris-flow basin. Also we used attributes of forest physiognomy, diameter, age, and density about physiognomic characteristics, and i n terms of geologic characteristics, we used attributes of drainage class, effective soil depth, subsoil properties, subsoil grave content, erosion class, parent material of soil, and topsoil properties. In consequence, we figured out topographic, forest physiognomic, and geologic characteristics of debris-flow basin. This result is applicable to establish a rational disaster prevention policy as a fundamental information.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

This study examines and analyzes plan of Hanok which has been newly built at rural areas in Jeollanam-do province and is to present the direction in setting architectural plan of Hanok at rural areas. For the purpose of this study, analyzed the types of Hanok based on the topological characteristics of main house and main spaces including room, living room and kitchen. Five types of 105 Hanoks, type-I, type-II, type-III, type-IV and type-V were drawn on the based of the shape of main house and topological characteristics of main rooms including room, living room and kitchen. Type-I had spatial composition of main rooms in a row and showed similar shape of main house with traditional private houses in Honam region, type-II showed placement of living room in center and main rooms beside it, type-III showed change of type-II and placed kitchen and annex behind living room and similar plan composition with type-III and secured the area of living room and rooms by enlarging the number of rooms, and type-V had the shape of main house with twisted form and placed living room in the center and each room at side or twisted part to ensure openness of living room.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4352-4360
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• 2011

A four dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship analysis was applied to a series of 50 flavonoid inhibitors of $p56^{lck}$ protein tyrosine kinase by the molecular comparative electron topological method. It was found that the -log (IC50) values of the compounds were highly dependent on the topology, size and electrostatic character of the substituents at seven positions of the flavonoid scaffold in this study. Depending on the negative or positive charge of the groups correctly embedded in these substituents, three-dimensional bio-structure to increase or decrease -log (IC50) values in the training set of 39 compounds was predicted. The test set of 11 compounds was used to evaluate the predictivity of the model. To generate 4D-QSAR model, the defined function groups and pharmacophore used as topological descriptors in the calculation of activity were of sufficient statistical quality ($R^2$ = 0.72 and $Q^2$ = 0.69). Ligand docking approach by using Dock 6.0. These compounds include many flavonoid analogs, They were docked onto human families of p56lck PTKs retrieved from the Protein Data Bank, 1lkl.pdb.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1227-1237
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• 2008

In this paper, we analyze topological properties and embedding of Folded Hyper-Star network to further improve the network cost of Hypercube, a major interconnection network. Folded Hyper-Star network has a recursive expansion and maximal fault tolerance. The result of embedding is that Folded Hypercube $FQ_n$ and $n{\times}n$ Torus can be embedded into Folded Hyper-Star FHS(2n,n) with dilation 2. Also, we show Folded Hyper-Star FHS(2n,n) can be embedded into Folded Hypercube $FQ_{2n-1}$ with dilation 1.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

We presented the modified decal-transfer lithography (DTL) and light stamping lithography (LSL) as new powerful methods to generate patterns of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) on the substrate. The microstructures of PDMS fabricated by covalent binding between PDMS and substrate had played as barrier to locally control wettability. The transfer mechanism of PDMS is cohesive mechanical failure (CMF) in DTL method. In the LSL method, the features of patterned PDMS are physically torn and transferred onto a substrate via UV-induced surface reaction that results in bonding between PDMS and substrate. Additionally we have exploited to generate the patterning of rhodamine B and quantum dots (QDs), which was accomplished by hydrophobic interaction between dyes and PDMS micropatterns. The topological analysis of micropatterning of PDMS were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the patterning of rhodamine B and quantum dots was clearly shown by optical and fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, it could be applied to surface guided flow patterns in microfluidic device because of control of surface wettability. The advantages of these methods are simple process, rapid transfer of PDMS, modulation of surface wettability, and control of various pattern size and shape. It may be applied to the fabrication of chemical sensor, display units, and microfluidic devices.