• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.171-179
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• 2024

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil is mostly refined oil (RO). However, with increasing interest in health, the consumption of cold-pressed oil (CPO) without chemical refining is increasing in Korea. In this study, quality characteristics of CPO from rapeseed varieties 'Jungmo7001', 'Jungmo7002', 'Jungmo7003', and 'Yuryeo' were evaluated and compared with RO, a commercial product. L-value and a-value were lower while b-value was significantly higher for CPO than those for RO. Analysis of fatty acid compositions of each oil revealed that CPO from 'Yuryeo' contained the highest oleic acid at 74%. Analyses of contents of bioactive compounds in CPOs and RO revealed that contents of tocopherol, 𝛽-carotene, and canolol were the highest in CPOs from 'Jungmo7003', 'Jungmo7002', and 'Jungmo7001' at 55.5, 0.3, and 0.2 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, CPOs contained higher contents of bioactive compounds than RO, suggesting that CPO could provide health benefits. The induction period of CPOs measured using Rancimat were 9~52% longer than that for RO, indicating that CPOs had a higher oxidative stability under given conditions. These results could be used to obtain basic data on quality of domestic rapeseed varieties.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity and the qualitative analysis of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman were studied by partially purified extract using various methods: extraction by using ethanol solutions and temperatures, and absorption to Diaion HP20 column chromatography using 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% ethanol solutions. Major constituents, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E, was determinated by HPLC method in Acanthopanax sessiliflorum S. 10% and 20% ethanol solutions contain chlorogenic acid (3.020$\pm$0.080%, 20.500$\pm$1.150%, respectively). 40% ethanol solution contains caffeic acid and eleutheroside E (12.270$\pm$0.360%, 1.670$\pm$0.140%, respectively). Diaion HP20 fractions (10%, 20%, 40%, 60% ethanol solutions) showed the scavenging activity of radicals and reactive oxygen species with the $IC_{50}$ values of $81.534{\pm}0.992{\mu}g/ml$, $1.748{\pm}0.098{\mu}g/ml$, $11.487{\pm}1.768{\mu}g/ml$, $21.960{\pm}0.547{\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazly radical and $1713.548{\pm}34.565{\mu}g/ml$, $131.419{\pm}2.235{\mu}g/ml$, $200.681{\pm}2.444{\mu}g/ml$, $757.897{\pm}6.868{\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Especially, 20% and 40% ethanol fractions showed more antioxidant activity than dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol. These results suggest that Acanthopanax sessiliflorum S. extract and Diaion HP20 fractions may be useful as a potential source of nutraceutical and cosmetic products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities on tyrosinase of Rheum undulatum (R.undulatum) L. extracts were investigated. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of R. undulatum L. were used in experiments. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of R. undulatum L. extracts was lower than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as a typical antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of aglycone fraction on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay showed the most prominent effect at a concentration of $0.265\;{\mu}g/mL$. The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of R. undulatum L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner ($1{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, aglycone fraction in $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed the most protective effect among extracts (${\tau}_{50}$, 757.0 min). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$, $11.20\;{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase of aglycone fraction was much higher than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g/mL$), known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that R. undulatum L. extracts can be used as antioxidant. Particularly, aglycone fraction of R. undulatum L. showed superior antioxdative activity and high inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Therefore, aglycone fraction of R. undulatum L. could be applicable to new functional cosmetics.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

N,N'-Diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) present in plants such as Sophora japonica has been reported to have skin depigmentative and antioxidative activities. In this study, DFP, usually presents in nature a very little amount and its derivative (DFP-D) were synthesized in a large quantity for the use as functional cosmetical materials. The antioxidative activities of synthesized DFP and DFP-D were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, chemiluminescence assay, and cell protective effect induced by $^1O_2$, stress. DFP and DFP-D showed DPPH radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) at $61.25{\pm}2.25{\mu}M$ and $12.92{\pm}0.72{\mu}M$, respectively. ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in the $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system of DFP and DFP-D were 2 times ($1.84{\pm}0.12{\mu}M$) and 13 times ($0.174{\pm}0.01{\mu}M$), respectively higher than that of L-ascorbic acid. $^1O_2$, one of ROS playing a key role in the skin photo-aging, induces cellular membrane damages. DFP-D ($50{\mu}M$) showed good cell protective effects (${\tau}_{50}=80.2min$) about 2 times more than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=43.6min$). These results suggest that the great antioxidative activities of DFP and DFP-D could be applied to cosmetic industries as functional cosmetic materials.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2017

In this study, antioxidative activities and cellular protective effects of 70% ethanol extracts and fractions from lavender were evaluated. The scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of free radical (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) was 46.6, 45.5 and $477.5{\mu}g/mL$ in the 70% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction, respectively. The reactive oxygen species scavenging activities (${OSC_{50}$) of 70% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 8.1, 3.3 and $17.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and they showed lower antioxidative activity than that of using L-ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$). However, the aglycone fraction showed higher photohemolysis protective effect than that of using the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. At $50{\mu}M$ concentration, the cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$) of 70% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction from lavender was 70.6, 87.2 and 165.2 min, respectively. In particular, the lavender aglycone fraction showed 3.8 times higher cellular protective effect than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The lavender fractional components including luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, vitextin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin were identified using TLC and LC-MS. However, the lavender aglycone fraction did not show any significant increase in flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin) compared to that of the ethyl acetate fraction. In conclusion, it is suggested that lavender may be applied as an antioxidant material in cosmetic industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1397-1403
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• 2011

Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its health beneficial effects. In the present study, the antioxidative, antimutagenic and immunological activities of E. koreanum Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. The yields of icariin compounds from the ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate, butanol, hexane, water, and chloroform fractions of E. koreanum were 27.9, 2.5, 1.7, 1.4, and 1.3 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively. The icariin components (295.5 ${\mu}g/g$) were collected from the ethyl acetate fraction by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of each fraction were as follows: ethyl acetate (49.0 ${\mu}g/mL$), butanol (59.2 ${\mu}g/mL$), hexane (119.8 ${\mu}g/mL$), water (122.0 ${\mu}g/mL$), and chloroform (138.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), based on $RC_{50}$ ${\mu}g/mL$. Icariin, isolated and identified as the main component, showed strong antioxidant activity with a $RC_{50}$ value of 15.3 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was higher than those of ascorbic acid (19.5 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (18.2 ${\mu}g/mL$). In an Ames test, none of the fractions produced mutagenic effects on Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In an immunomodulating activity test, the effects of E. koreanum Nakai on B cells (Rhamos) and T cells (Jurkat) were investigated. These results show that the growth and viability of B and T cells were increased by isolated icariin components for 1.27 and 1.28 fold, respectively. These results also provide preliminary data for the development of E. koreanum Nakai as an edible food material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1353-1360
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects against food-borne pathogens and antioxidant activity of Rhododendron brachycarpum ethanol-extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined using a paper disc-diffusion method, and the diameter of the clear zone was measured. The diameter of the clear zone in the presence of 10 mg of extract was maximal against Bacillus cereus among the three tested Gram-positive bacteria and against Escherichia coli O157:H7 among the five tested Gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that the extract exhibited a similar efficacy as that of sorbic acid, a well-known chemical preservative. The growth inhibitory effects of the extract at concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/L on food-borne pathogens were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Growth of the microorganisms was not affected by the extract at concentrations up to 250 mg/L, but it was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the extract at concentrations higher than 1,000 mg/L. The antioxidant effects of the extract were examined via measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using fluorescent dichlorofluorescien (DCF) assay, and prevention of peroxyl radical- and hydroxyl radical-induced supercoiled DNA breakage. The $IC_{50}$ of the extract for DPPH radical scavenging activity was about half that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, which was used as a positive control. DCF fluorescence intensity decreased as the concentration of the extract increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The ROS inhibitory effect of the extract was higher than that of ascorbic acid. The extract prevented supercoiled DNA strand breakage induced by peroxyl radical and hydroxyl radical. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the extract exhibits antimicrobial effects against food-borne pathogens as well as potent antioxidant capacity, suggesting that R. brachycarpum could be used as a natural antibacterial agent and effective antioxidant in food.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1986

The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids extracted from leaves and leaf mitochondria, which were sampled from several horicultural plants grown under blue color-deficient sunlight (BCDS), were determined and compared with those from plants grown under natural white colored sunlight(WCS). It was found that the mitochondria isolated from plants grown under BCDS contained phospholipid whose degree of unsaturation in unit of number of double bonds per lipid molecule was remarkably higher than that from plants grown under WCS, the relative increment being $8{\sim}49%$. This was significantly larger than the relative increment, $4{\sim}8%$ for total phospholipid extracted from whole leaves grown under BCDS campared to WCS. This observation demonstrated that the blue light effect of sunlight on the chemical property of cellular membranes, as long as it was concerned with fatty acid composition, arose mainly at the mitochondrial membrane. Also observing that the degree of unsaturation of mitochondrial phospholipid was much lower than that of total phospholipid, it was interpreted that this was the consequence of rather active oxidative destruction of lipid-fatty acid components occuring in mitochondrial membrane by the reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide($O_2-$), which was known to be produced in mitochondrial inner membrane through the side reactions of the respiratory electron transport chain and also probably through the photosensitized reaction involving oxygen induced by blue colored light. Thus, it may be tentatively concluded that the extent of photosensitization in mitochondrial membrane could be considerably reduced under BCDS resulting in lowering of the $O_2-$ level in the respirating organelle The possible involvement of photodynamic action in membrane oxidation was also indicated by the fact that the typical fat-soluble antioxidant, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, was found to be contained on a higher level in leaves under BCDS than those under WCS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.486-494
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• 2012

Nano-emulsion with phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsifying system was prepared to use rapeseed oil from originating Jeju in order to apply various cosmetic applications. Natural rape seed oil (NRSO) extraction was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent. NRSO extract showed a light yellowish color of viscous liquid as well as yield was $43{\pm}2.5%$. Acid value was $2.76{\pm}0.5$ and gravity was $0.89{\pm}0.05$. Droplet size of PIT-Yuche-NE with 20wt% of rapeseed oil was 50-120nm (average: $82{\pm}5.8nm$) and zeta potential was -29.5mV. It was thermodynamically good stable emulsion due to $(PEG)_{5-30}$fattyacidether. Some conclusions from the result of characteristic experiment were obtained as follows. First, the anti-oxidative activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). Anti-oxidative activity of PIT-Yuche-NE was $37.2{\pm}6.7%$ on 10mg/mL compared with PIT-Toco-NE (Natural tocopherol nano-emulsion, $28.8{\pm}6.5%$ on 10 mg/mL) and PIT-Nokcha-NE (Green tea extract nano-emulsion, $29.6{\pm}7.2%$ on 10mg/mL). Second, the collagen synthesis activity of PIT-Yuche-NE was $148{\pm}15.2%$ compared with PIT-Toco-NE (Natural tocopherol nano-emulsion, $121{\pm}13.5%$ on 10mg/mL) and PIT-Nokcha-NE (Green tea extract nano-emulsion, $95{\pm}12.7%$ on 10mg/mL). Third, the effectiveness of moisturizing activity of Yuche-CRM with Aramo-TS after 6 hours increase $47{\pm}3.9%$ (*p-value￡0.05, n=7) whereas Both Toco-CRM was $30{\pm}5.2%$ (*p-value￡0.05, n=7) and Nokcha-CRM was $35{\pm}4.5%$. Therefore, Yuche-CRM has higher moisturizing effect than other two creams. Finally, Nano-emulsion stabilizing rapeseed oil using PIT emulsifying system of this study can be used to apply cosmetics industry and pharmaceutical industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

Factors such as temperature $(20,\;60^{\circ}C)$), pH (4.5, 7.0), gaseous phase $(N_2,\;0_2)$, and light (0 lux, 5,000 lux), antioxidants and packaging conditions were investigated to study the effects of above factors on the chlorophyll components in spinach during storage. Regardless of other factors, as the storage temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ and pH decreased from 7.0 to 4.5, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach decreased significantly (P<0.05). The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach stored in nitrogen gas were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in sample in oxygen phase. As the light intensity increased from 0 lux to 5,000 lux during storage, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The antioxidants reduced the degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during dark storage by minimization of free radical oxidation. The effectiveness of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>${\beta}-carotene$>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaempherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during light storage was minimized by antioxidants due to the reduction of singlet oxygen oxidation. The antidiscoloring potential of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\beta}-carotene$>${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaem-pherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freeze dried spinach packed with polyethylene bag were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in non-packed freeze dried spinach. The package of spinach in polyethylene bag with the combination of antioxidants could be used to minimize the degradation of chlorophyll components in spinach during storage.