• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.396-402
• /
• 2000

Porous structures of aluminum foam have been studied. The apparent foam shape, foam hight, density, pore size, shape, and their distributions in various section areas of the experimental samples have been investigated. The sample have been cast into metallic mold, using aluminum foam prepared from a precursor based on pure Al ingot mixed with various amount of 1-2wt% increasing viscosity and foam agent materials. The process provides for flexibility in design of foam structures via relatively easy control over the amount of hydrogen evolution and the drainage processes which occur during foam formation. This is facilitated by manupulating parameters such as the foaming agent, thermal histories during solidification and mix melt viscosities. The acoustical performance of the panel made with the foamed aluminum is considerably improved; its absorption coefficient shows NRC 0.6-0.8. It has been found that the Al foam is very preferable for the compactness of the thermal system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.1063-1077
• /
• 2016

Components manufactured from composite materials are frequently subjected to superimposed mechanical and thermal loadings during their operating service. Both types of loadings may cause fracture and failure of composite structures. When composite cross-ply laminates of type [$0_m/90_n]_s$ are subjected to uni-axial tensile loading, different types of damage are set-up and developed such as matrix cracking: transverse and longitudinal cracks, delamination between disoriented layers and broken fibers. The development of these modes of damage can be detrimental for the stiffness of the laminates. From the experimental point of view, transverse cracking is known as the first mode of damage. In this regard, the objective of the present paper is to investigate the effect of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminate under thermo-mechanical degradation. A Finite Element (FE) simulation of damage evolution in composite crossply laminates of type [$0_m/90_n]_s$ subjected to uni-axial tensile loading is carried out. The effect of transverse cracking on the cross-ply laminate strength under thermo-mechanical degradation is investigated numerically. The results obtained by prediction of the numerical model developed in this investigation demonstrate the influence of the transverse cracking on the bearing capacity and resistance to damage as well as its effects on the variation of the mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion. The results obtained are in good agreement with those predicted by the Shear-lag analytical model as well as with the obtained experimental results available in the literature.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2020

납은 암석의 연대측정, 지각의 진화 및 오염원의 기원 추적과 같은 지구화학적 연구에 유용하게 사용되어지는 원소로, 이를 위해선 고순도 원소 분리가 선행되어져야한다. 본 연구에서는 납을 분리해 내는데 있어서 용리액의 농도가 6M HCl 과 8M HCl 중 어느 것이 더 효율적인지 비교 검토 하였다. 그 결과, 6M HCl의 경우 8M HCl 보다 용리액을 다량으로 사용했음에도 불구하고 납 분리에 있어서는 효율적이지 않았다. 그리고 납 분리법에 대한 신뢰성 검증을 위하여 납 동위원소 표준물질(NIST NBS981)과 암석표준시료(BCR-2, GSP-2, JG-1a)의 납 동위원소비를 열이온화질량분석기로 측정한 결과, 기존 보고 값과 오차 범위 내에서 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.32-46
• /
• 2000

유성 지역의 지열수를 포함한 자연수에 대한 용존이온의 분포 및 거동과 같은 지구화학적 특성을 밝히고 지열수의 지화학적 진화과정, 심부온도 및 물-암석 상호반응특성을 규명하기 위해 유성 지역 내에 부존하는 유형별 자연수 (지열수, 심부 및 천부지하수, 지표수)에 대한 수문지구화학 및 동위원소 ($\delta$$^{18}$ O, $\delta$D, $^3$H, $\delta$$^{13}$C, $\delta$$^{34}$ S, $^{87}$ Sr/$^{86}$Sr) 연구를 수행하였다. 유성 지역 지열수는 순환수 기원의 지하수가 심부 열원에 의해 온도가 상승하였고, 방해석 침전이 수반된 규산염 광물의 가수분해 반응을 거치면서 천부 기원 지하수와 혼합되어 Na-HCO$_3$유형의 지열수로 진화되었다. 인위적 오염의 지시원소인 NO$_3$함량이 일부 지열수 및 심부지하수 시료에서 높은 값을 보이는 것으로 보아 오염에 노출된 지표수가 지하수로 유입되었으며 또한 일부 온천공으로도 유입되었을 것이다. 연구 지역의 $\delta$$^{18}$ 와 $\delta$D의 분포는 지구순환 수선상 주변에 도시되며 유형별로는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않는다. 삼중수소 함량은 유형별로 뚜렷이 구분되나 대부분 지열수의 경우 지표수 및 천부지하수의 혼입활동이 수반된 특징을 보여준다. 탄소 동위원소비에 있어서도 대부분 토양내 유기물 기원의 값에 가까울 정도로 낮은 값을 보이는 것으로 보아 (평균 -16.3$\textperthousand$)전체적인 지하수 순환체계에 걸쳐 지표 토양 환경의 이산화탄소 공급이 이루어지고 있음을 지시하고 있다. 황 동위원소비 역시 지열수와 천부지하수와의 혼합 특성을 보이며, 스트론튬 동위원소비에 의하면 지열수의 Ca기원은 사장석의 용해인 것으로 판단된다. 다성분계 평형상태의 계산은 심부저장지 지열수가 100~1$25^{\circ}C$에서 평형상태에 있었음을 지시한다. 따라서 연구 지역의 지하수는 지하 순환과정 중 심부에서 열원을 만나게 되어 온도가 상승하였고, 물-암석 반응을 거치면서 상승하게 되었고, 이 과정중 천부지하수의 혼합과정이 수반되면서 진화된 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.261-272
• /
• 2012

Molten Core Concrete Interaction (MCCI) is a complex process characterized by concrete ablation and volatile generation; Thermal and solutal convection in a bubble-agitated melt; Physico-chemical evolution of the corium pool with a wide solidification range (of the order of 1000 K). Twelve experiments have been carried out in the VULCANO facility with prototypic corium and sustained heating. The dry oxidic corium tests have contributed to show that silica-rich concrete experience an anisotropic ablation. This unexpected ablation pattern is quite reproducible and can be recalculated, provided an empirical anisotropy factor is assumed. Dry tests with oxide and metal liquid phases have also yielded unexpected results: a larger than expected steel oxidation and unexpected topology of the metallic phase (at the bottom of the cavity and also on the vertical concrete walls). Finally, VULCANO has proved its interest for the study of mitigation solutions such as the COMET bottom flooding core catcher.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.181-199
• /
• 2020

Cyclone Heat Potential (CHP) is an essential parameter for accurate prediction of the intensity of tropical cyclones. The variability of the heat storage in the near-surface layers and the vertical stratification near the surface due to large fresh water inputs create challenges in predicting the intraseasonal and interannual evolution of monsoons and tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. This paper for the first time presents the D26- referenced cyclone heat potential observed in the Bay of Bengal during the period 2012-17 based on the in-situ data collected from 5.5 million demanding offshore instrument-hours of operation in the Ocean Moored Buoy Network for Northern Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoy network by the National Institute of Ocean Technology. It is observed that the CHP in the Bay of Bengal varied from 0-220 kJ/㎠ during various seasons. From the moored buoy observations, a CHP of ~ 90 kJ/㎠ with the D26 isotherm of minimum 100m is favorable for the intensification of the post-monsoon tropical cyclones. The responses of the D26 thermal structure during major tropical cyclone events in the Bay of Bengal are also presented.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.589-592
• /
• 2004

We calculate the probability to form giant radio halos (${\~}$ 1 Mpc size) as a function of the mass of the host clusters by using a Statistical Magneto-Turbulent Model (Cassano & Brunetti, these proceedings). We show that the expectations of this model are in good agreement with the observations for viable values of the parameters. In particular, the abrupt increase of the probability to find radio halos in the more massive galaxy clusters ($M {\ge} 2{\times}10^{15} M_{\bigodot}$) can be well reproduced. We calculate the evolution with redshift of such a probability and find that giant radio halos can be powered by particle acceleration due to MHD turbulence up to z${\~}$0.5 in a ACDM cosmology. Finally, we calculate the expected Luminosity Functions of radio halos (RHLFs). At variance with previous studies, the shape of our RHLFs is characterized by the presence of a cut-off at low synchrotron powers which reflects the inefficiency of particle acceleration in the case of less massive galaxy clusters.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.405-412
• /
• 2004

Cosmological shocks form as an inevitable consequence of gravitational collapse during the large scale structure formation and cosmic-rays (CRs) are known to be accelerated at collisionless shocks via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We have calculated the evolution of CR modified shocks for a wide range of shock Mach numbers and shock speeds through numerical simulations of DSA in 1D quasi-parallel plane shocks. The simulations include thermal leakage injection of seed CRs, as well as pre-existing, upstream CR populations. Bohm-like diffusion is assumed. We show that CR modified shocks evolve to time-asymptotic states by the time injected particles are accelerated to moderately relativistic energies (p/mc $\ge$ 1), and that two shocks with the same Mach number, but with different shock speeds, evolve qualitatively similarly when the results are presented in terms of a characteristic diffusion length and diffusion time. We find that $10^{-4} - 10^{-3}$ of the particles passed through the shock are accelerated to form the CR population, and the injection rate is higher for shocks with higher Mach number. The CR acceleration efficiency increases with shock Mach number, but it asymptotes to ${\~}50\%$ in high Mach number shocks, regardless of the injection rate and upstream CR pressure. On the other hand, in moderate strength shocks ($M_s {\le} 5$), the pre-existing CRs increase the overall CR energy. We conclude that the CR acceleration at cosmological shocks is efficient enough to lead to significant nonlinear modifications to the shock structures.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
• /
• pp.445-449
• /
• 2003

As for the purpose, we first introduce an random mutation into wild-type gene to expand a mutation space, and then further recombine the mutant genes by staggered extension process PCR. As a result, we obtained the best clones 6-52 that showed a high activity and stability, from a round of error prone and staggered extension process PCR. The purified enzyme showed a similar pH stability to the wild-type enzyme and reveal a slightly high optimum pH at 12. In the optimum temperature, an identical dependency was also showed and a quite high stability in the thermal stability was obtained. Along with this, the enzyme was also stable at a reaction that supplement with a 15 % of ethanol as an additive. The addition of other solvents and surfactants did not improve the reaction and thus resulted in a similar profile to those of wild-type enzyme. The specific activity on the target compound rac-ketoprofen ethyl ester was calculated to be about 85, 000 unit, and the kinetic constants Km and Vmax were determined to be 0.2 mM and 90 mM/mg-protein/min respectively. The deduced amino acid alignment with the wild type enzyme revealed five mutations at L120P, I208V, T249A, D287H and T357A. Based on these observations, the site directed mutagenesis to delineate the mutagenic effect is under progress.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.301-305
• /
• 2005

We fabricated nickel silicide layers on whole non-patterned wafers from $p-Si(100)SiO_2(200nm)$/poly-Si(70 nm)mn(40 nm) structure by 40 sec rapid thermal annealing of $500\~900^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance, cross-sectional microstructure, surface roughness, and phase analysis were investigated by a four point probe, a field emission scanning electron microscope, a scanning probe microscope, and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Sheet resistance was as small as $7\Omega/sq$. even at the elevated temperature of $900^{\circ}C$. The silicide thickness and surface roughness increased as silicidation temperature increased. We confirmed the nickel silicides iron thin nickel/poly-silicon structures would be a mixture of NiSi and $NiSi_2$ even at the $NiSi_2$ stable temperature region.