• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 2007

This paper investigates syntactic variations in English such as Dative Alternation, Particle Inversion, and Object Postposition (Heavy NP Shift) within the framework of Optimality Theory, and shows that the same set of morphological, informational, and processing constraints affect all these variations. In particular, it shows that the variants that used to be regarded as ungrammatical are in fact used fairly often in reality, especially when processing or informational conditions are met, and therefore, grammatical judgment may not be always categorical but sometimes gradient. It is argued that the notion of distance in constraint ranking in stochastic OT can effectively explain the gradience and variability of grammaticality in the variation phenomena.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

The Extraposition phenomenon in English has been analyzed mainly through two approaches: a derivational approach under the Principles & Parameters framework (P&P) and a representational approach under the early Minimalist framework (MP). The first one tries to understand the phenomenon as a result of the movement of a Big Subject first to the end of a sentence which is then followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. On the other hand, the second one tries to understand it by way of assuming a Big Subject originally base-generated at the end of a sentence which is followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. The two approaches, however, are not free from theoretical defects at all: the full derivational approach was under controversy in terms of (1) the failure of the Binding Theory and (2) its inability to suggest anything about the marginal reading issue. On the while, the representational approach has been argued (1) to violate the thematic hierarchy that should be kept in D-structure, and (2) to be also unable to suggest the slightest difference in marginal reading issue as the first one. In this paper I focus mainly on analyzing the 'It'-Extraposition phenomenon in the Optimality Theory. I will show that by way of (i) some newly developed constraints such as Subj., and AHSubj. and (ii) a constraint hierarchy of Subj.>>AHSubj., the controversies of 'It-Extraposition' such as (1) the analysis of construction and (2) the very closely related issue of 'marginal reading issue' can be explained properly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1379-1397
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• 2013

We consider a system where a licensed radio spectrum is shared by multiple primary users(PUs) and secondary users(SUs). As the spectrum of interest is licensed to primary network, power and channel allocation must be carried out within the cognitive radio network so that no excessive interference is caused to PUs. For this system, we study the joint beamforming and power allocation problem via game theory in this paper. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative beamforming and power allocation game, subject to the interference constraints of PUs as well as the peak transmission power constraints of SUs. We design a joint beamforming and power allocation algorithm for maximizing the total throughput of SUs, which is implemented by alternating iteration of minimum mean square error based decision feedback beamforming and a best response based iterative power allocation algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance than an existing algorithm and can converge to a locally optimal sum utility.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2008

Nowadays, circulation industry is taking charge of important role in improvement of competitive power on the manufacturing industry and public welfare increase of consumer, price stabilization, employment creation and so on. A lot of research have been progressing for formation of total circulation complex, but decision making for selection of location on some facility is only calculated the optimum value when correct data values are inserted. However, a lot of decision making is accomplished in situation that have little knowledge of objective and constraints and as real world is also evaluated inclusive of analyst's subjectivity about variable, indefinite and fuzzy part, so it is decreasing a reliability on evaluation result and complicating objective evaluation on various effect and negative impact. Accordingly, from under like this situation, this study is to develop location decision model of circulation complex using fuzzy theory from the intention for the most reasonable decision making in fuzzy situation based on decision making problem on conventional location and size decision that did to be satisfactory constraints necessarily.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2019

In this paper I discuss a more complicated case of 'It'-Extraposition in English in the Optimality Theory [1] by further modifying and extending the analysis done in Khym (2018) [2] in which only the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition such as 'CP-Predicate' was dealt with. I show in this paper that the constraints and the constraint hierarchy developed to explain the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition are no longer valid for the more complicated cases of 'It'-Extraposition in configuration of 'CP-V-CP'. In doing so, I also discuss two important theoretic possibilities and suggest a new view to look at the 'It'-Extraposition: first, the long-bothering question of which syntactic approach between P&P (Chomsky 1985) [3] and MP (Chomsky 1992) [4] should be based on in projecting the full surface forms of candidates may boil down to just a simple issue of an intrinsic property of the Gen(erator). Second, the so-called 'It'- Extraposition phenomenon may not actually be a derived construction by the optional application of Extraposition operation. Rather, it could be just a representational construction produced by the simple application of 'It'-insertion after the structure projection with 'that-clause' at the post-verbal position. This observation may lead to elimination of one of the promising candidates of '$It_i{\ldots}[_{CP}that{\sim}]_i$' out of the computation table in Khym [2], and eventually to excluding the long-named 'It'-Extraposition case from Extrsposition phenomena itself. The final constraints and the constraint hierarchy that are explored are as follows: ${\bullet}$ Constraints: $^*SSF$, AHSubj, Subj., Min-D ${\bullet}$ Constraint Hierarchy: SSF<<>>Subj.>> AHSubj.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.51-73
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• 2002

Empirical likelihood ratio method is a new technique in nonparametric inference developed by A. Owen (1988, 2001). Sometimes empirical likelihood has difficulties to define itself. As such a case in point, we discuss the way to define a modified empirical likelihood for the location of symmetry using well-known points of symmetry as a side conditions. The side condition of symmetry is defined through a finite subset of the infinite set of constraints. The modified empirical likelihood under symmetry studied in this paper is to construct a constrained parameter space $\theta+$ of distributions imposing known symmetry as side information. We show that the usual asymptotic theory (Wilks theorem) still hold for the empirical likelihood ratio on the constrained parameter space and the asymptotic distribution of the empirical NPMLE of difference of two symmetric points is obtained.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1883-1887
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• 1991

Identification theory for linear discrete system has been presented by a great many reference, but research works for identification of continuous-time system are less than preceding identification. In fact, a great man), systems for engineering are continuous-time systems, hence, research for identification of continuous-time system has important meaning. This paper offers the following results: 1. Corresponding relations for the parameters of continuous-time model and discrete model may be shown, when single input-output system has general characteristic roots. 2. To do identification of single variable continuity linear system with stability constraints from samples of input-output data, it is necessary to use optimization with stability constraints. 3. Main results of this paper may be explained by a simple example.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2000

In order to reduce the variation effects of uncertainties in the engineering environments, new robust optimization method, which considers the uncertainties in design process, is proposed. Both design variables and system parameters are considered as random variables about their nominal values. To ensure the robustness of performance function, a new objective is set to minimize the variance of that function. Constraint variations are handled by introducing probability constraints. Probability constraints are solved by the advanced first order second moment (AFOSM) method based on the reliability theory. The proposed robust optimization method has an advantage that the second derivatives of the constraints are not required. The suggested method is examined by solving three examples and the results are compared with those for deterministic case and those available in literature.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2003

This paper provides an analysis of the linear constituent order of the NP in three different types of languages based on 33 languages: the NP with the prenominal modifiers, the NP with the postnominal modifiers, and the NP with both prenominal and postnominal modifiers (the mixed NP). Languages have NPs that feature different linear order, of the NP constituents. We attribute such different linear constituent orders within the NP to the linguistic distance and the limits imposed by the constituency and adjacency. We use the various kinds of alignment constraints which properly reflect the linguistic distance between the noun and each constituent. Language universals on word order provide us some general orders of various NP constituents. If we adopt the linguistic distance, the limits imposed by the constituency and the adjacency, and the alignment constraints, we can explain the complicated differences of NP constituent orders of languages of the world.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.267-281
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider multi-degree reduction of $B{\acute{e}}zier$ curves with continuity of any (r, s) order with respect to $L_2$ norm. With help of matrix theory about generalized inverses we can use Lagrange multipliers to obtain the degree reduction matrix in a very simple form as well as the degree reduced control points. Also error analysis comparing with the least squares degree reduction without constraints is given. The advantage of our method is that the relationship between the optimal multi-degree reductions with and without constraints of continuity can be derived explicitly.