• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Fashion leadership is divided into visual influence, linguistic influence, and dual leadership. We refer to people exercising such influential power as fashion innovators, fashion opinion leaders, and fashion double leaders, respectively. Scholars and marketers have raised continuous questions on this issue: who are these fashion leaders and what characteristics do they have? In this study, social network analysis is applied to grasp the existence of three types of fashion leaders in college clubs, examine their positions in fashion process networks and investigate their individual and social characteristics. For this study, three college clubs were recruited through convenience sampling and surveyed online. Peer nomination questions for structuring fashion process networks and self-evaluation questions for measuring personal characteristics are included. Two fashion networks, an opinion leadership network and an innovativeness network, embrace four to six leaders and illustrate similar structure patterns in the three groups, which indicates that dual leaders enjoyed the lion's share in college clubs. The number of fashion innovators tends to be fewer compared to that of fashion opinion leaders, and we infer that peer relationship appears to intervene with fashion opinion leadership. Other personal characteristics supporting results from previous studies are also confirmed in this study.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.732-737
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• 2010

RNA interference is a post-transcriptional silencing mechanism triggered by the bioavailability and/or exogenous introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells. Here we describe a novel method for the synthesis of siRNA in a single vessel. The method employs in vitro transcription and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template and design, which incorporates upon self-annealing, two promoters, two templates, and three loop regions. Using this method of synthesis we generated efficacious siRNAs designed to silence both exogenous and endogenous genes in mammalian cells. Due to its unique design the single-stranded template is easily amenable to adaptation for attachment to surface platforms for synthesis of siRNAs. A siRNA synthesis platform was generated using a 3' end-biotinylated ssDNA template tethered to a streptavidin coated surface that generates stable siRNAs under multiple cycles of production. Together these data demonstrate a unique and robust method for scalable siRNA synthesis with potential application in RNAi-based array systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.735-737
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• 2003

A superconducting motor consisting of high temperature superconducting (HTS) rotor and air-core stator is under development in Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute. HTS motor was designed for having the rated power of 100hp at 1800 rpm. HTS field winding is composed of sixteen HTS race track shaped coils wound with stainless steel-reinforced Bi-2223 tape conductor by react and wind fabrication method. Nomex Paper was used for electrical insulation. Each of four magnet pole assemblies was constructed with four double pancake sub-coils, mechanically stacked and electrically in series. Four magnet assemblies were fixed on an aluminum support structure to make effective heat transfer. Critical current (Ic) of HTS field winding was 41A but minimum Ic of sub-coils was 35A at 77K and self field. Joule heat generated in HTS field winding was 2.11W at 77K and 35A.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.248-248
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• 2010

CMOS 축소화가 32nm node를 넘어서 지속적으로 진행되기 위하여 FinFET, Surround Gate and Tri-Gate와 같은 Fully Depleted 3-Dimensional 소자들이 SCE를 다루기 위해서 많이 제안되어 왔다. 하지만 소자의 축소화를 진행함에 있어서 좁고 균일한 patterning을 형성하는 것과 동시에 낮은 Extension Region과 Contact Region에서의 Series Resistance을 제공하여야 하고 Source/Drain Contact Formation을 확보하여야 한다. 그리고 소자의 축소화가 진행됨으로써 Silicide의 응집현상과 Source/Drain Junction의 누설전류에 대한 허용범위가 점점 엄격해지고 있다. ITRS 2005에 따르면 32nm CMOS에서는 Contact Resistivity가 대략 $2{\times}10-8{\Omega}cm2$이 요구되고 있다. 또한 Three Dimensional 소자에서는 Fin Corner Effect가 Channel Region뿐만 아니라 S/D Region에서도 중대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시하는 Novel S/D Contact Formation 기술을 이용하여 Self-Aligned Dual/Single Metal Contact을 이루어Patterning에 대한 문제점 해결과 축소화에 따라 증가하는 Contact Resistivity 문제점을 해결책을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 검증하기3D MOSFET제작하고 본 기술을 적용하고 검증한다. 또한 Normal Doping 구조를 가진3D MOSFET뿐만 아니라 SCE를 해결하기 위해서 대안으로 제시되고 있는 SB-MOSFET을 3D 구조로 제작하고, 이 기술을 적용하여 검증한다. 그리고 Silvaco simulation tool을 이용하여 S/D에 Metal이 Contact을 이루는 구조가 Double type과 Triple type에 따라 Contact Resistivity에 미치는 영향을 미리 확인하였고 이를 실험으로 검증하여 소자의 축소화에 따라 대두되는 문제점들의 해결책을 제시하고자 한다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.62-68
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• 2015

본고에서는 차세대 보안통신 기술로 주목 받고 있는 양자암호시스템의 핵심 모듈인 단일광자 검출기의 최신 연구동향과 KIST 연구개발 내용에 대해 기술한다. 현재 상용화 수준으로까지 발전한 유선 양자암호 시스템에서는 성능, 소형화, 가격 등의 장점으로 인해 주로 InGaAs/InP avalanche photo diode (APD)를 이용한 단일광자검출기가 사용되고 있다. 유선 양자암호에서 사용하는 1550nm 통신 파장대의 단일광자가 갖는 에너지는 0.8 eV로 매우 미약한 수준이기 때문에 신호 검출을 위해 APD소자를 내부 증폭 이득이 무한대인 가이거모드(Geiger mode)에서 동작시킨다. 매우 높은 증폭비는 신호 검출뿐만 아니라 노이즈에도 동일하게 영향을 미치기 때문에 주변환경 노이즈에 의한 검출기 오동작 문제가 심각하게 발생한다. 따라서 단일광자검출기 구현에서 가장 중요한 기술은 소자 및 검출기 모듈에서 발생하는 노이즈의 영향을 최소화 시켜주는 것이다. 전세계적으로 검출기의 대표적인 노이즈인 after pulse를 저감 시키기 위한 연구가 매우 활발히 이루어지고 있는데 대표적으로 self-differencing, auxiliary signal, integrating, double balanced 등의 방법이 제시되고 있다. 본고에서는 각각의 최신 기술들에 대한 비교 분석 및 이를 바탕으로 현재 KIST에서 진행하고 있는 양자암호시스템을 위한 단일광자검출기 기술 개발에 대해 서술한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

Conventional designs of landfill covers use geosynthetics such as geomembrane and GCL, and clay liners to lower the permeability of final covers of landfill sites. However, differential settlement and the variation of temperature or humidity in landfill sites cause the development of cracks or structural damage inside the final cover. This study examined the application of a Self Recovering Sustainable Liner (SRSL) as an alternative landfill final cover material. SRSL consists of double layers, which have chemicals, can generate precipitates filling the pores of the layers by chemical reaction. The interface material forms an impermeable layer and in case of internal cracks, the reactants of the two layers migrate towards the crack and heal it by forming another liner. In this study the applicability of SRSL material for landfill final cover was examined by performing flexible wall permeameter tests to prove that the hydraulic conductivity is lower than the regulations and unconfined compression tests to judge whether the strength satisfies the restriction for the landfill final cover. Furthermore, the environmental impacts on the permeability and strength were evaluated. The experimental results show that the SRSL has lower hydraulic conductivity and higher strength than the regulations and is little influenced by climatic changes such as wet/dry or freeze/thaw process.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.127-153
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• 2010

This study explores the locomotives of the growth in the Korean online shopping industry upon the theoretical basis based on the last 10 years' rapid changing environment. This attempt reveals the counter-arguments against preemtive effects based on the observation of reintermediation process in the online industry. We reviewed the NEBIC model proposed by Wheeler(2002) and propose the growth model, double helix framework based on the dynamic capability view. Furthermore the relevance of the proposed framework was validated with the review of last 10 years' sales and market share data in the online shopping industry. Meanwhile we found the limits of online market growth with the open market domination. So future of the online shopping retailers is depending on the development of the channel functions and merchandising on the basis of self-capability. Based on the tentative conclusion, we also suggest implications for the policy makers. Firstly policy facilitating the specialization of the power sellers incubased in the open market is necessary for the sustainable online market growth. And the establishment of the control tower is suggested to coordinate the consistency of the policies and regulations. And the device of the incentive is also proposed to strengthen the open markets' function to facilitate the small and medium online merchants.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

Block chain technology revolutionizes the 'double entry bookkeeping' of accounting principles in 600 years. It will be an opportunity for you to become one. The advent of the block chain will revolutionize the accounting world. It is no exaggeration to say that it is a skill. The use of block chains for accounting leads to the occurrence of transactions. It's easy to identify a transaction, and it's easy to fake or tamper with it. The accounting industry because it is difficult to communicate transparent accounting information to stake holders. Transformations will be possible across the board (Carlozo, 2017). An entity shall provide financial information that is useful to interested parties in making reasonable economic decisions. Transactions arising from business activities are recorded and provided in the books. Interested parties are here. We need to make decisions to protect our interests and make those decisions rationally. To make a decision, we know how the outcome of the decision will affect our self-interest. Because it has to do so, it uses corporate information for this purpose. But the investor is one way of doing business. It is difficult to trust the information provided by (Yermack, 2017). As a result, ICO companies, startups, small businesses lose a lot of business opportunities because they don't have investors. In addition, the management mixes cash flows with accounting interests to indicate changes in cash flows. It experiences failure in its business due to its inability to analyze and predict faithfully. But it's a blockhead in accounting. Applying the factors and recording them in the book will result in a number of benefits for different stake holders. It can be provided. The financial information in the block chain is not subject to further review or verification. It can improve the timeliness and increase reliability of financial information because it cannot be forged or tampered with (Delloitte, 2016). Based on the fourth industrial revolution, the pace of change in all sectors of society has never been faster. Based on block chain technology, decision-making structure is based on vertical structure of the past. Transforming into a horizontal structure collapses existing tools and advances transparency and decentralization a change of Copernican interpersonal awareness with the trend of the times, which is becoming angry with modern people.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5D
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• pp.605-610
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• 2009

The either satisfaction levels or limits of tolerance levels felt by the users in the certain space/region should be examined for measuring social capacity on the total amount of vehicles. The reliability of measuring social carrying capacity depends primarily on decreasing the strategic responding biases. To induce the honest responses to preferences, Dichotomous Choice which is specifically known as the Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice was adopted in this research to suggest the measurement methodology of social carrying capacity on the total amount of vehicles in U-do island. The empirical test was carried out the U-do island, an administrative district of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The number of vehicles satisfied by the 10% of residents was 390 and the satisfactory vehicle number was decreased to 132 extended to 90% of residents. This research, based on the political decision making criteria, set up the social carrying capacity in U-do island. The vehicle number satisfied by 50% of residents was 227, which meant the same number of residents turn to be supporter in case of political actions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate gender equality consciousness among elementary school teachers and the 6th graders at 3 rural area in Korea. Methods: There were 78 teachers and 323 6th graders from five elementary schools in Y area in Jeonnam province. The data was collected with 3 structured self-reported questionnaire from June to July 2003. The instrument, which was developed by Korean Women Development Institute to test gender equality consciousness, was composed of 20-items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .87 in teachr group; Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .83 in children group) with four subcategories: family life, school life, business life, and social life. The data was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and t-test using SPSS/PC+. Results: 1. Teachers' gender equality consciousness: The teachers' gender equality consciousness was significantly more affirmative in females (t = 5.313, p = .001) and in the younger teacher group (F = 24.710, p = .001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference according to marital status. The differences in all four subcategories were also significantly affirmative in the female and younger teacher group. 2. Students' gender equality consciousness: The gender equality consciousness among the 6th graders was somewhat different from the teachers'. School girls (t = 8.988, p = .001) and children from double income families (t = 3.171, p = .042) were more affirmative in gender equality consciousness than the other groups. In the four sub-categories, school girls were also significantly more affirmative in all four subcategories. On the other hand, according to the family income source, the children from double income families also tended to be more affirmative only in the subcategory of family life (t = 3.196, p = .042) Conclusions: Gender equality consciousness is remarkably different according to gender both in Korean elementary school teachers and in school children. Age was a key variable in teachers for gender equality consciousness. Further research in gender equality consciousness of parents, school principals and urban school population would be useful. In order to promote gender equality consciousness, various educational materials and a mass education campaign should be developed.