• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.575-592
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• 2021

In livestock nutrition, natural feed additives are gaining increased attention as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters to improve animal performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. All piglets were allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean meal basal diet without turmeric (control) and with 1% weight per weight (w/w) turmeric powder (turmeric). The results showed that dietary inclusion of turmeric with the basal diet improved final body weight and total average daily gain (p < 0.05). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the fecal samples, including acetic, butyric, and propionic acids, were higher in the turmeric group (p < 0.05). The villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the ileum of turmeric-fed piglets (p = 0.04). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota indicated that, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most predominant taxa in all fecal samples. Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in the turmeric group compared to the control group (p = 0.021). At the genus level, turmeric showed a decreased abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.021) and an increasing trend of Lactobacillus (p = 0.083). Among the total detected species, nine bacterial species showed significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that turmeric altered the gut microbiota and shortchain fatty acid production. This suggests that turmeric could be used as a potential alternative growth promoter for piglets.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

Hybrid F2HX surfactants bearing a sulfate moiety and both hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains were prepared by the reaction of alkyl glycidyl ethers with fluoro-alcohol, and subsequent sulfation. The fluorocarbon number in F2HX was fixed at the shortest number possible (i.e., 2), while the hydrocarbon number (X) in the second chain was varied between 2, 4, 6, and 8. Their surface-active properties and emulsion stabilities were systematically estimated as a function of the X. Among them, F2H8 exhibited the optimal surfactant performance, which was comparable to previously reported surfactants and it was successfully applied in the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3701-3727
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• 2016

Recently Service Function Chaining (SFC) is promising to innovate the network service mode in modern networks. However, a feasible implementation of SFC is still difficult due to the need to achieve functional equivalence with traditional modes without sacrificing performance or increasing network complexity. In this paper, we present a configurable network service chaining (CNSC) mechanism to provide services for network traffics in a flexible and optimal way. Firstly, we formulate the problem of network service chaining and design an effective service chain construction framework based on integrating software-defined networking (SDN) with network functions virtualization (NFV). Then, we model the service path computation problem as an integer liner optimization problem and propose an algorithm named SPCM to cooperatively combine service function instances with a network utility maximum policy. In the procedure of SPCM, we achieve the service node mapping by defining a service capacity matrix for substrate nodes, and work out the optimal link mapping policies with segment routing. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the average request acceptance ratio and resources utilization ratio can reach above 85% and 75% by our SPCM algorithm, respectively. Upon the prototype system, it is demonstrated that CNSC outperforms other approaches and can provide flexible and scalable network services.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.646-650
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• 2009

We report the fabrication of pentacene organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using a fluorinated styrene-alt-maleic anhydride copolymer gate dielectric, which was prepared from styrene derivatives with a fluorinated side chain [$-CH_2-O-(CH_2)_2-(CF_2)_5CF_3$] and maleic anhydride through a solution polymerization technique. The fluorinated side chain was used to impart hydrophobicity to the surface of the gate dielectric and maleic anhydride was employed to improve its wetting properties. A field-effect mobility of 0.12 cm$^2$/Vs was obtained from the as-prepared top-contact pentacene FETs. Since various functional groups can be introduced into the copolymer due to the nature of maleic anhydride, its physical properties can be manipulated easily. Using this type of copolymer, the performance of organic FETs can be enhanced through optimization of the interfacial properties between the gate dielectric and organic semiconductor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.302-311
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of a synergistic blend of free and buffered organic acid (FMP) on the performance of piglets born to sows supplemented with a blend of short- and medium-chain organic acids (SGG) during the late gestation and lactation period. A total of 150 multiparous sows (n = 50/treatment, Landrace × Yorkshire) were blocked (2.4 parity) and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: CON - corn-soybean meal-based basal diet, SGG-Low - CON+ 1.5 kg/ton SGG, and SGG-High - CON + 3kg/ton SGG. During weaning, 600 piglets (6.72 ± 0.5kg) which weaned from sows supplemented with 3 levels of SGG were allocated to 2 weaner diets (Control and FMP - 3kg/ton) following 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Supplemental effects on performance were measured at d0-d21 and d 21-42, and the entire period. Pigs fed with FMP and born to sows supplemented with SGG-High gained more weight and ate more (p < 0.05) compared with those in the CON group in both phases, and with SGG-Low in the second phase. Over the entire post-weaning period, piglets born to sows supplemented with SGG-Low and SGG-High had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) (p < 0.05). Regardless of sow treatment, pigs fed with an FMP diet had higher ADG (p < 0.001), BW (p = 0.045), and a lower feed conversion ratio (p = 0.033). Also, feeding FMP diets reduced the fecal Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts at d42. The current study indicates that sows fed SGG supplement had a positive carry-over effect on the post-weaning growth rate, and FMP supplement enhances the growth performance and reduced the number of C. perfringens and E. coli. Thus, the application of 3 kg/ton of SGG in sows' diet and subsequent feeding of piglets with FMP would be an effective strategy to improve growth rate and reduce pathogenic bacteria in post-weaned piglets.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.487-490
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• 2006

We propose a new method to achieve well-defined surface properties of the polymeric gate dielectrics without using SAM technique and inserting another organic/inorganic buffer layer. Pentacene thin film transistors(OTFTs) fabricated with the polyimide gate insulators with different side chain structures were demonstrated. Further, a relationship between the surface properties (surface morphology, surface energy, etc) of the films and the performance of OTFTs have investigated, which will be given in more detail in presentation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1134-1145
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat color, and concentrations of three branched-chain fatty acids related to flavor in ram lambs. Methods: Sixty 3-month-old, male, small-tailed Han sheep were selected and randomly allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. Four feeding treatments were used: i) a basal diet without supplementation as the control group (CK); ii) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; iii) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and iv) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g/lamb/d Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. Results: The results demonstrated that the dry matter intake was lower for the AFE group than that in other groups (p = 0.001). The feed conversion ratio was greater for the AFE than that in other groups (p = 0.039). Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) (p<0.001), 4-ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) (p<0.001), and 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) (p = 0.044) in perirenal adipose tissue compared to those observed in the CK lambs. Dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel powder and its extracts decreased the concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p<0.001) in dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to those in the CK lambs. The concentrations of MOA (p<0.001) and EOA (p = 0.002) in omental adipose tissue were significantly affected by treatment, although there was a tendency for lower MNA (p = 0.062) in AMR, AWE, and AFE lambs than that in CK lambs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts could significantly promote feed efficiency, although dry matter intake decreased and could decrease the MOA and EOA concentrations related to characteristic flavor and odor of body fat in lambs, except for tail adipose tissue.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) can provide visibility and efficiency throughout the entire supply chain in fashion apparel and footwear. The technical analysis of RFID performance is necessarily required to create a sealess omni-channel service using customer experience. Especially, several tagged-item performance specifications, for example read range and multi-read rate, strongly depend on the attached material and real-operating environment. This paper suggests minimum performance requirements for RFID tags embedded inside a pair of shoes to negotiate tagged-item performance between retailers and suppliers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.2844-2853
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• 2023

A sophisticated Bayesian multilevel model for estimating group bias was developed to improve the utility of the ASTM E900-15 embrittlement trend curve (ETC) to assess the conditions of nuclear power plants (NPPs). For multilevel model development, the Baseline 22 surveillance dataset was basically classified into groups based on the NPP name, product form, and notch orientation. By including the notch direction in the grouping criteria, the developed model could account for TTS differences among NPP groups with different notch orientations, which have not been considered in previous ETCs. The parameters of the multilevel model and biases of the NPP groups were calculated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. As the number of data points within a group increased, the group bias approached the mean residual, resulting in reduced credible intervals of the mean, and vice versa. Even when the number of surveillance test data points was less than three, the multilevel model could estimate appropriate biases without overfitting. The model also allowed for a quantitative estimate of the changes in the bias and prediction interval that occurred as a result of adding more surveillance test data. The biases estimated through the multilevel model significantly improved the performance of E900-15.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.671-695
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• 2022

The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that contains a large number of microorganisms with different metabolic capacities. Modulation of the gut microbiome can improve the growth and promote health in pigs. Crosstalk between the host, diet, and the gut microbiome can influence the health of the host, potentially through the production of several metabolites with various functions. Short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, polyamines, indoles, and phenolic compounds are metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can also produce neurotransmitters (such as γ-aminobutyric acid, catecholamines, and serotonin), their precursors, and vitamins. Several studies in pigs have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in improving growth performance and feed efficiency, alleviating stress, and providing protection from pathogens. The use of probiotics is one of the strategies employed to target the gut microbiome of pigs. Promising results have been published on the use of probiotics in optimizing pig production. This review focuses on the role of gut microbiome-derived metabolites in the performance of pigs and the effects of probiotics on altering the levels of these metabolites.