• Title/Summary/Keyword: Technical Theories

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COMPARISON OF THE TIME-SIGNAL SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC WATER CLOCKS DURING THE YUAN DYNASTY AND THE KING SEJONG ERA OF THE JOSEON DYNASTY (원대(元代)와 세종대(世宗代) 자동 물시계 시보시스템 비교)

  • YONG-HYUN YUN;SANG HYUK KIM;BYEONG-HEE MIHN;BYONG GUEN LEEM
    • Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2024
  • In this study, we investigated the time signal devices of Deungnu (circa 1270) and Gungnu (1354), the water clocks produced during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). These clocks influenced Heumgyeonggaknu (1438) of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), exemplifying the automatic water clocks of the Yuan Dynasty. Deungnu, Gungnu, and Heumgyeonggaknu can be considered as automatic mechanical clocks capable of performances. The Jega-Yeoksang-Jip (Collection of Calendrical and Astronomical Theories of Various Chinese Masters) contains records of Deungnu extracted from the History of the Yuan Dynasty. We interpreted these records and analyzed reproduction models and technical data previously produced in China. The time signal device of Deungnu featured a four-story structure, with the top floor displaying the four divine constellations, the third floor showcasing models of these divinities, the second floor holding 12-h jacks and a 100-Mark ring, and the first floor with four musicians and a 100-Mark Time-Signal Puppet providing a variety of visual attractions. We developed a 3D model of Deungnu, proposing two possible mechanical devices to ensure that the Time-Signal Puppet simultaneously pointed to the 100-Mark graduations in the east, west, south, and north windows: one model reduced the rotation ratio of the 100-Mark ring to 1/4, whereas the other model maintained the rotation ratio using four separate 100-Mark rings. The power system of Deungnu was influenced by Suunuisangdae (the water-driven astronomical clock tower) of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127); this method was also applied to Heumgyeonggaknu in the Joseon Dynasty. In conclusion, these automatic water clocks of East Asia from the 13th to 15th centuries symbolized creativity and excellence, representing scientific devices that were the epitome of clock-making technology in their times.

A Study on Sustaining Knowledge Contribution Intention of Participants in the Open Source Software Development Communities (오픈소스 개발 커뮤니티 참여자들의 지속적 지식기여 의도에 관한 연구)

  • Jin Oh Ju;Kyung Tae Hwang
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.111-135
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    • 2016
  • The major characteristic of open source software (OSS) is innovativeness. Innovativeness stems from the process of sharing and solving technical problems. This study analyzes the impact of voluntary participation and collaboration of OSS developers on sustained participation in the community based on organizational citizenship behavior and social capital theories. Based on Bolino et al. (2002) and Wasko and Faraj (2005), a research model and hypotheses are developed. A total of 152 OSS developers participated in the survey. The hypotheses are tested by LISREL modeling. The results of analysis show that royalty, social participation, and advocacy participation enhance or positively influence social capital. In addition, reciprocity and shared vision reinforce intention of sustained knowledge contribution. However, the result shows a statistically insignificant relationship between social participation and shared vision and between cohesiveness and intention of sustained knowledge contribution.

A Study of the Potential Shelters in the Lunar Lava Tubes (달 동굴의 잠재적 주거환경에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Jongwoo
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2017
  • This paper will describe lunar lava tubes' five analyzed fields, such as geology, geomorphology, internal configuration, stability, communication and habitats requirements. This research gets through qualitative and qualitative data analysis as following results. A huge size and configuration differences between lunar lava tubes and earth one on geology and landform environments. Exo-genetics activities, such as meteorites, radiation, and sudden temperature bigger affect than Endo-genetic activities, such as effusion and earthquake of the lunar lava tubes. Landform and internal configuration of the lunar lava tubes due to the huge cave perilous landform that gravity difference have a technical limitation from internal approach and data obtain of the huge skylights and sinuous rilles. Stability of the lunar lava tubes deals with geology and landform. It was obvious geo-structural stability elements results generated on low rate of collapsed halls(skylights), low gravity, and relatively thick covers. In terms of the communication capability on the external and internal lunar lava tubes cordless communication techniques will overcome limitations of the sun-power generates supporting communication systems. Through this research it realized obvious differs between potential habitats possibility by accumulative theories by scholars and techniques of the lunar lava tubes. Especially, it is a favorable expectation throughout overcoming attempt on zero gravity, cosmo radiation, lunar dust of the exo-genetic limitations to the steep escarpment of skylights to approach and achieve techniques by the civil engineering, networking and GIS techniques as the endo-genetic environment treatment.

User Innovation Empowerment in Open Market Systems: A Case Study on Participatory Game Communities (오픈마켓 시스템에서의 사용자 혁신 위임: 참여적 게임 커뮤니티에 대한 사례연구)

  • Kwon, Hee-Jung;Kim, Jin-Woo
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.75-88
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    • 2010
  • Business models in open market systems targeting smart phone users are determined by several important factors. First, by providing developers efficient technical platforms, it contains a setting for developers to learn, apply and improve the skills relating to the product category easily while they stay beyond a corporate boundary. Second, by the first condition, a huge population of talented developers becomes to join a specific open market where will invite more customers to use their applications. Hence it will attract more and more developer participants who will finally give a rise to a persistent market growth. Third, the evaluation system between platform providers and application producers, and one between application producers and application users may underlie the trust relationships between them. The research conducted a multiple embedded case study to test the success factors of open market based business models. It focused on smart phone game communities that have installed user evaluation, and feedback systems. The user innovation empowerment model within the social game networks has highlighted the theories on the roles and characteristics of lead users, and lead user network behaviors for future NPD participations.

Post-Medium and Postproduction: Contemporaneity of Contemporary Art (포스트-미디엄과 포스트프로덕션 : 포스트모더니즘 이후 현대미술의 '동시대성(contemporaneity)')

  • Chung, Yeon Shim
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.14
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    • pp.187-215
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    • 2012
  • In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

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J. M. W. Turner's The Shipwreck and the Romantic Semiotics of Maritime Disaster (터너의 <난파선>과 낭만주의적 해양재난)

  • Chun, Dongho
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.14
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    • pp.33-51
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    • 2012
  • Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) has been widely regarded as the most original and brilliant English landscape painter in the 19th century. Admitted to the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner was a precocious artist and gained the full membership of the prestigious Royal Academy in 1802 at the age of 27. Already in the 1800s he was recognised as a pioneer in taking a new and revolutionary approach to the art of landscape painting. Among his early works made in this period, The Shipwreck, painted in 1805, epitomizes the sense of sublime Romanticism in terms of its dramatic subject-matter and the masterly display of technical innovations. Of course, the subject of shipwreck has a long standing history. Ever since human beings first began seafaring, they have been fascinated as much as haunted by shipwrecks. For maritime societies, such as England, shipwreck has been the source of endless nightmares, representing a constant threat not only to individual sailors but also to the nation as a whole. Unsurprisingly, therefore, shipwreck is one of the most popular motifs in art and literature, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Yet accounts, images and metaphors of shipwreck have taken diverse forms and served different purposes, varying significantly across time and between authors. As such, Turner's painting registers a panoply of diverse but interconnected contemporary discourses. First of all, since shipwreck was an everyday occurrence in this period, it is more than likely that Turner's painting depicted the actual sinking in 1805 of the East India Company's ship 'The Earl of Abergavenny' off the coast of Weymouth. 263 souls were lost and the news of the wreck made headlines in major English newspapers at the time. Turner's painting may well have been his visual response to this tragedy, eyewitness accounts of which were given in great quantity in every contemporary newspaper. But the painting is not a documentary visual record of the incident as Turner was not present at the site and newspaper reports were not detailed enough for him to pictorially reconstruct the entire scene. Rather, Turner's painting is indebted to the iconographical tradition of depicting tempest and shipwreck, bearing a strong visual resemblance to some 17th-century Dutch marine paintings with which he was familiar through gallery visits and engravings. Lastly, Turner's Shipwreck is to be located in the contexts of burgeoning contemporary travel literature, especially shipwreck narratives. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a drastic increase in the publication of shipwreck narratives and Turner's painting was inspired by the re-publication in 1804 of William Falconer's enormously successful epic poem of the same title. Thus, in the final analysis, Turner's painting is a splendid signifier leading the beholder to the heart of Romantic abyss conjoing nightmarish everyday experience, high art, and popular literature.

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Analyses of Forest Road Construction Policy Using LISREL Approach (리즈렐모형을 이용한 임도사업의 계량적 분석)

  • Choi, Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.97 no.1
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    • pp.22-29
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    • 2008
  • The objective of this study is to provide useful information for the establishment of efficient policy implementation strategies of forest road construction policy in South Korea. Data needed for the analysis was collected by a questionnaire survey. For the analysis, policy evaluation model was constructed based on theories of public policy. Evaluation model contains three independent variables (policy initiative factor, policy content, policy environment) and two dependent variables (policy result, policy impact). Since, these variables are unobservable latent variables, observable indicators are needed as proxy measures. LISREL (Linear Structural Relationships) was employed for the analysis since it is a useful measure for analysing linear structural model which consists of structural and measurement equations. It was confirmed that forest road construction is an effective policy mean for the development of rural region and activating forest resources management. The policy outcome, however, was not satisfactory. To improve the effectiveness of forest road construction policy some modification of policy contents are needed such as increased construction budget, allowing more flexibility and participation to the implementation personal and providing technical support.

A Study on the 'Classroom Space Metaphors' in Classroom Research (교실 연구의 최근 동향과 '교실 공간 메타포' 연구)

  • Han, Hee-Kyong
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.833-851
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    • 2009
  • Recently, there is a matter of common interests in 'classroom' because many pedagogues and teachers feel urgently the understanding of educational field. This study aims to investigates classroom researches for the last twenty years, asserts the theme 'the spatiality of classroom' which is important to understand diverse point of views in classroom theories and is overlooked at the same time, and considers it in terms of 'classroom space metaphors'. Specially, the author reviews the recent trend in classroom researches, and names it 'classroom theory' in that it deals with classroom not as a means but as an object and has undergone methodological transition. In the mean time, the author lays great emphasis on 'the spatiality of classroom' which is important to expand classroom theory and is overlooked at the same time. To approach this, the author categorizes the classroom space metaphors of existing classroom researches into 'classroom as a work space' and 'classroom as a learning space' by drawing the concept 'metaphor'. And then the author presents new metaphor 'classroom as a lived space' on the basis of the recent classroom theory, and tries to abstract its educational significance in classroom by way of Thirdspace.

A Study for Model Curricula Development, in GIS(Geographic Information Science) (GIS 교육과정 개발에 관한 연구)

  • 성효현
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.73-87
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    • 1993
  • This paper reviews the topic of GIS, the academic setting of GIS, GIS model curricula and the possibility GIS education in Korea. The topics which might be included in a science of geographic information consist of data collection and measurement, data capture, spatial statistics, data modeling and theories of spatial data, data structures, algorithms and processes, display, analytical tools, institutional, managerial and ethical issues. The problems in teaching a course on GIS in higher education are reviewed. Because of their technological, integrative, and rapidly changing nature, GIS pose major challenges to their education system which it is ill equipped to meet. In higher education a number of initiatives have been taken to provide education about and training with, GIS. The possible GIS curricula are suggested. These curricula are divided into 3 major sections, relating GIS context, technical issues and application issues. The prospects of GIS appears lo depend largely upon the future cooperation of academia, government, and industry

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CCTV and Privacy - Tools for Security or Eyes of Surveillance? - (CCTV와 프라이버시 - 안전을 위한 도구인가, 감시의 눈인가? -)

  • Lee, Yun-bok
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.143
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    • pp.215-244
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    • 2017
  • It is said that we live in an age of technology. And indeed, science and technology do play key roles to our life of happiness, but they are equally central in all events that threaten it. Science and technology are the means we often turn to in seeking solutions to our problems, and in turn are often the apparent sources of new problems. Thus it is not surprising that they have two aspects at the same time. CCTV has been presented to us as a technical solution to security problems. With the help of CCTV, we can more effectively prevent, detect, and prosecute crimes. With the help of CCTV, both public and private spaces can be made more secure. But of course, CCTV also has a down side. The down side most prominently anticipated has been loss of privacy and proliferation of surveillance. It is largely this potential problem with CCTV that has been regulated against. It is said that one reason for imposing a limitation on individual privacy is the societal interest in the prevention of crime. Accordingly a balance between the need to prevent crime through the use of CCTV and the duty to respect the privacy interests of individual citizens is in need of redress. In other hand, two theories of socio-political philosophy may have provided useful ways of understanding the role of CCTV in contemporary society. Firstly, neo-Marxist frameworks, for instance, stress the use of CCTV to police existing unequal socioeconomic divisions within society and the dominance of particular forms of order based upon materialist agendas. Secondly, Foucauldian frameworks contend that Foucault's notion of panoptic surveillance underpinning (self) disciplinary society is an appropriate template for understanding CCTV in late-modern society. In order to find a new point of valance between security and privacy in the use of CCTV, the participation of each citizen in the discourse to make the new norm is necessary. And to prevent its political misuse, their surveillance, or check for the potential surveillance-power is required.