• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills and teamwork of nurses in simulated cardiac arrests in the hospital. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 35 teams of 3 to 4 registered nurses each in a university hospital located in Seoul. A mannequin simulator was used to enact simulated cardiac arrest. Assessment included critical actions, time elapsed to initiation of critical actions, quality of cardiac compression, and teamwork which comprised leadership behavior and communication among team members. Results: Among the 35 teams, 54% recognized apnea, 43% determined pulselessness. Eighty percent of the teams compressed at an average elapsed time of $108{\pm}75$ seconds with 35%, 36%, and 67% mean rates of correct compression depth, rate, and placement, respectively. Thirty-seven percent of the teams defibrillated at $224{\pm}67$ seconds. Leadership behavior and communication among team members were absent in 63% and 69% of the teams, respectively. Conclusion: The skills of the nurses in this study cannot be considered adequate in terms of appropriate and timely actions required for resuscitation. Future resuscitation education should focus on improving the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation including team performance targeting the first responders of cardiac arrest.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2016

이 논문은 2년의 수학-정보 통합 영재교육 과정을 마치고 사사과정에 진입한 중학생들이 IT 융합 팀 프로젝트를 수행한 사례를 분석하고 형성평가의 관점에서 사사과정 프로그램을 보완할 요인을 도출하였다. 담당 교수는 학생들이 중학생 3학년의 수준과 사사 과정의 특징을 감안하여 로봇키트와 미디어를 융합한 상호작용적 IT 융합 프로젝트를 자기주도적으로 해 나갈 수 있도록 안내해 주었다. 2015년 2월부터 12월까지 진행된 사사과정 기간 동안 팀 프로젝트 수행 과정에 관한 문서와 보고서를 비롯하여 사진 및 동영상 자료, 작업 결과물, 학생들과의 면담 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 참여 학생들의 컴퓨팅 실력과 IT 융합 프로젝트에 대한 흥미가 제각기 달랐음에도 팀별 프로젝트 수행은 아이디어 탐색과 설계에 해당되는 초기 단계보다 그 이후의 구현 단계에서 적극적이고 안정된 패턴을 보여주었다. 또한 학생들의 산출물을 연구와 교육(R&E)의 9단계 모델에 따라 형성평가한 결과 작품 완성도에서 상중하에 따른 개인별 차이를 보여주었다. 끝으로 이 사례는 향후에 질적으로 보완해야 할 방향 및 사사교육에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 2003

This study is to present more effective starting skills through analysis of kinematic characteristics of starting motions in 300m Time Trials of Inline Skating. To achieve this goal, 6 athletes, 3 in the national team and 3 in business teams were chosen and their starting motions were examined with three-dimensional image analyses. The results of analyses in regard of positions and speed of the bodily center and angles, angular velocity, and linear velocity of articulations of lower limbs by sections of starting motions are as follows: In case of the central position, though it is effective to reduce the air resistance by lowering the upper part of the body maximumly, it is reasonable to accelerate by raising the upper part of the body to some degree for the running posture at the lower speed in the starting section. In the starting section, it is efficient to minimize the period of time in touching the ground. for this, it is necessary to train for taking motions without slippage while touching the ground. While 3 athletes in business teams kicked the ground as running right after the starting, the others in the national team slid on the ground. As the number of steps increased, the movable speed changed quickly. Thus the movable speed of athletes in the national team indicated big differences in two to three steps. If these factors are well supported, the push-away starting method might be better than the running starting method in terms of improvement of records.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2016

스타트업은 공동의 목표를 가지고 소수의 전문가들이 모여서 한정된 자원을 이용하여 창의석인 성과를 달성하는 소규모 조직이다. 실제 스타트업 환경에서 빈번하게 발생하는 갈등을 과업 갈등과 관계 갈등으로 구분하고, 팀워크에 미치는 영향을 긍정과 부정으로 나누어 연구 모형을 설계하였다. 팀워크의 요소로는 의사소통, 협업, 업무조정과 응집력을 설정하였으며 최종적으로 스타트업 팀의 성과에 미치는 개별 구성요소의 영향력을 검증하였다. 스타트업 팀 142개를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 데이터를 수집하고 PLS를 이용하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 구조모형 검증 결과, 과업 갈등은 팀워크에 긍정적인 영향을, 관계 갈등은 팀워크의 일부 요소에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 팀워크 중 의사소통을 제외한 협업, 업무조정, 응집력은 팀의 성과를 높이는 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 스타트업 조직의 리더 또는 관리자와 구성원을 위한 조직 운영 방안을 제시하고, 이론적 기여점을 서술하였다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.401-412
• /
• 2020

예비교사들이 프로그래밍 수업에서 겪는 다양한 어려움을 해결하기 위해서 팀 기반의 프로그래밍 방법이 많이 적용되고 있다. 그들에게 필요한 효율적인 협업 전략을 마련하기 위해서는 학습자의 프로그래밍 역량에 미치는 다양한 협업요인들을 분석해야 할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 학습자들의 협업 요인들을 크게 개인 역량과 팀 역량으로 구분하여 설문조사를 실시하고 학습자들의 프로그래밍 역량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 검증결과 프로그램 설계역량에는 학습자 개인역량 모든 요소와 자료공유 기술과 같은 협업에 필요한 기술인 팀 테크닉 및 팀 협력도 등에서 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 그리고 프로그램 구현역량에는 개인의 학습이해도, 팀 협력도가 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 팀 테크닉이 상대적으로 높은 그룹이 프로그래밍 역량과 흥미도 및 만족도에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 예비교사들에게 실질적으로 필요한 협업 전략을 프로그래밍 과정에 따라 개인역량 및 팀 역량과 관련된 유의미한 요소들을 연계하여 제시하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2015

최근 애자일 개발프로세스가 생산성 증대효과, 품질향상, 고객만족 등의 효용성이 입증되면서 프로젝트 추진 시 방법론 선택에 있어 전문가들에게 많은 관심을 갖게 되었다. 시대적 요구와 사용자 요구에 부응하기 위한 방법론 선정과 관련해서, 본 논문에서는 제품 기반의 Cross functional team의 문제점을 해결하고자 제안된 방법론이 Feature Team 모델이며, 이 모델이 Cross functional team을 조직하고, 이 팀이 결과물(프로덕트) 단위가 아니라, 기능단위로 여러 프로덕트에 걸쳐서 개발을 진행하는 모델이라는 점에 대해 조사하였으며, 가치-주도형 애자일 기법을 통해 계획-기반형 모델과 차이점을 제시하였다. Agile 성숙도 측정기준을 검토하였으며, PRINCE2 Agile Health-check 항목 연구를 통해 Agile 기법이 프로젝트 착수단계의 요구사항은 확정 본이 아닌 언제라도 변경될 수 있다는 것을 전제를 해서 객관적인 평가를 받는 방법에 대해 연구하고 프로젝트 팀 구성에 대해 향후 발전방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students experiences in team based simulation learning. This study was based on a phenomenological research methodology. Methods: Fourteen nursing students participated in this study. The students gave in depth interviews and wrote reflective journals after participating in a team based simulation learning program, which was provided at C University in Gwangju for 8 weeks, 2011. These data were analyzed using Van Kaam's method. Results: 21 sub-themes and 9 themes were elicited from 55 significant statements. They were classified into 3 categories such as : 'First exposed to lessons on how Burden', 'the enjoyment of team based simulation learning', 'expansion of the clinical competence'. Conclusion: Teaching and learning strategy that combines a variety of simulation training to nursing students to develop critical skills to improve their care to give and take advantage of simulation training supplement is advised.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a simulation-based practice on clinical performance and problem solving processes for nursing students. Method: The study used a one group pre-post test design. Students experienced a simulation-based practice that included team base learning, skill training, taking a high-fidelity simulation with SimMan 3G, and also being debriefed for 12 weeks (August 2010 to December 2010). The pre-test and post-test were conducted to compare the differences in knowledge, clinical nursing skills, and problem solving processes. Result: After students had received the simulation-based practice, they showed statistically significant higher knowledge (t=14.73, p<.001) and clinical nursing skills (t=15.47, p<.001) than before. However, there was no significant difference in the problem solving process score (t=1.53, p=.127). Conclusion: This study showed that knowledge and clinical nursing skills were significantly improved by the simulation-based practice. Further research would be required to identify how the problem solving process that uses simulation-based practice could be developed further.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.140-154
• /
• 2024

A physician's empathy plays a crucial role in patient-centered care, and in modern medicine, patients, their caregivers, and society demand a high level of empathy from healthcare providers. The conceptualization of clinical empathy, which has emphasized cognitive empathy since the mid-20th century, has been widely accepted in medical schools and the healthcare industry without much critical ref lection. This study provides an overview of the ongoing debates on empathy versus sympathy and cognitive empathy versus affective empathy to clarify the concept of empathy. Based on recent research findings, clinical empathy is proposed to encompass three components: cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and empathic motivation. It is suggested that fully demonstrating these components requires empathic communication skills. Additionally, the cognitive characteristics of medical students and the features of the academic environment demonstrate the need for education to strengthen their empathy skills. Considering this, proposed intervention methods that medical schools can consider include utilizing tutoring programs and debriefing processes for team activities, which can facilitate problem-solving as a coping strategy for stress. Learning communities can create an environment where students can receive social support and recover from stress. Medical schools can contribute to the development of students' professional identities as practicing clinicians who embody empathy and respect by cultivating professors as positive role models. Additionally, utilizing scales to assess the empathic nature of doctor-patient communication or incorporating patients and caregivers as evaluators can actively improve empathic communication skills.