• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.170-181
• /
• 2011

This Research will explore the meaning indicated in the landscape meaning and feature of literary group culture, focusing in Gurujeong(九老亭: pavilion for nine elders) and Samgaeseokmun(三溪石門: stone gate in three valleys) located in Dundeok-myun, Imshil-gun, and will seek to understand the implications by studying the cultural landscape spread out in the area. The place where Gurojeong and Samgaeseokmun is located is the meeting point of the three valleys, Dunnam stream, Osu stream, and Yul stream, which is the main location to view the beautiful scenery, which has the nickname as the dwelling place of a celestial being. Especially, based on the description of old maps, "Samgae(three valleys)" and "Samgaeseokmun" possesses significance as a landmark and shows a characteristic feature of landscape structures of low hills. Dangugurohwe(丹丘九老會: nine elders gathering on the dwelling of a celestial being) originated from Hyangsangurohwe(香山九老會: gathering of nine elders on a fragrant mountain), where Baekgeoi(白居易) of China was one of the main people. This group was organized by nine elders over the age of 60 desiring to view the scenery of Doyeonmyeong. The group enhanced the literary spirit on the low hill, erecting a tower, and enjoying the beautiful scenery changing every season with scholars from the same region. This phenomenon seems to have been formed upon the positive response to gatherings of elders, which were prevalent in the Joseon Dynasty. If the internal idea pursued by the group was "longevity," the external idea pursued can be summarized as "the spirit the respect for the elders." Naming the groups as 'Dangudae(place where the celestial being lives), Guseondong(valley of seeking a celestial life), Bangjangsan(mountain of a high priest), and Daecheondae(place of communicating with God) was likely a device to introspect oneself and symbolize one's life process. Furthermore, the reason Samgaeseokmun, which is an imitation of Choi, Chiwon's work, was built near Soyocheo, was probably to yearn the celestial land and based on the desire to follow Choi, Chiwon, who was the most self-fulfilling being presumed to have become a celestial being by practicing the pursuit of freedom, escaping from the reality. After tracing the symbolizing meaning of the four letters carved in the left side of the stone wall of Dangudae, the conclusion that this place was not only a place for literary gatherings of the nine elders of Saseong(four families), but was a place where the celestial being dwelled could be inferred. Corresponding with Dangudae and Gurojeong, which are places where the order of human and nature is harmonized and where its meaning associated with the location intensifies, arouses strong bond, can be said to be the symbol of the traces of celestial beings where the spirits of attachment to a certain place is embedded. The acts performed in Dangugurohwe were those of traditional leisure including strolling, viewing the scenery, drinking, composing poems, and playing instruments, and sometimes listening to stories, tea ceremony, prayers, and fishing were added, which indicates that the gathering had a strong tendency towards pastoral and hermit life.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2020

In order to industrialize of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul., which is a lot of commercially available and is synonymous with chrysanthemum tea, in the autumn of 2018, Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. seeds were collected from its own native region, and the seeds were germinated after refrigerated storage. Young seedlings were subjected to experiments in February, March, and April in the open field to examine the effects on the harvesting of leaves by distance and the growth of leaves and stems. The results of analyzing the components by collecting the leaves+stem after collecting the flower of Dendranthema indicum (L.) DesMoul. are as follows. 1. When D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings were planted according to the transplanting date, the number of flowers was 17.1 in the transplanting date in April. The diameter of the flower was 2.9cm, 16ea, 6.5~6.6g in the fresh weight, and the dry weight of the case was 1.1~1.2g. The leaves were 46~47ea in March and April in the planted area, 5.2~5.3cm in leaf length and 3.5~3.6cm in leaf width. 2. When planted D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. seedlings according to transplanting distance, the number of flowers was 16.2 when planted at 20×20cm intervals and, 16.8~17.1 at 30×30~50×50cm intervals. The diameter of the flower was 2.7~2.8cm, the number of petals was 8, the length of the petal was 0.8 cm, and fresh weight was 6.5~6.6g per flower. Leaves had the largest number of 47 of 30×30cm and 40×40cm, and leaf length appeared at the longest 6.2cm in the 50×50cm treatment area, but 5.2cm in the other treatment areas. 3. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaves+stems was 7.93%, and the extraction solvent colors were light green at 50, 60% and green at 70, 80, 90, 100%. The extraction yield of D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers was 7.58%, the color of the extraction solvent was light yellow at 50, 60 and 70%, yellow at 80 and 90%, and dark yellow at 100%. 4. We confirmed 11 kinds of ingredients such as in D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. flowers are gallic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, methyl gallate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, naringin, 4-melthoxyben, flavone. The content was 29.200-36.900ppm. 5. The components contained in the D. indicum (L.) DesMoul. leaf+stem, salicylic acid appeared at 6,129.526ppm, and the next 4-methoxyben was 1,966.714ppm. It was methyl gallate 8.197ppm, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic 6.994ppm, caffeic acid 5.566ppm, flavone 4.522ppm, p-coumaric acid 3.787ppm, gallic acid 1.893ppm that appeared in the content below 10ppm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.67 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2022

Rice is one of the most important staple foods in Wnju, Jeonbuk, South Korea. However, rice consumption has dramatically decreased as eating habits have diversified owing to rapid economic growth. Recently, floury endosperm rice varieties have been developed to invigorate the rice processing industry, because dry-milled rice flour is economically and environmentally suitable for massive rice flour distribution. The National Institute of Crop Science has developed 'AromaT', an early-maturing black rice with floury-endosperm, suitable for tea and dry milling. 'AromaT' was derived from a cross between 'Suweon542' as the floury endosperm source and 'Heugjinju' as the black and aromatic source. In this study, 'AromaT' and its parents, 'Suweon542' and 'Heugjinju', were analyzed for agronomic traits, anthocyanin content, and their major physicochemical properties by different planting date. The field experiment was conducted in Wanju, Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea, in 2019. The transplanting dates were May 30 (ordinary season), June 25 (double-cropping season), and July 10 (late season). The yield performance of brown rice 'AromaT' was 330 kg/10 a in the double-cropping cultivation method and was the highest among the transplanting dates. The floury endosperm of 'AromaT' was derived from 'Suweon542' containing 'flo7', located on chromosome 5 and known to control floury endosperm. With the late planting date, the anthocyanin content of 'AromaT' was 570.5 mg/100 g, much higher than that of 'Heugjinju' (376.3 mg/100 mg). The brown rice of 'AromaT' also exhibited the pop-corn-flavoring 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, exclusively detected in aroma rice varieties. The average particle sizes of 'AromaT' and 'Suweon542' were 67.12 ㎛ and 70.9 ㎛, respectively, lower than that of 'Heugjinju' (95.5 ㎛) with a black transparent endosperm. The average damaged starch content of 'AromaT' was 8.1%, lower than that of 'Heugjinju' (10.05%) and Suweon542 (9.5%). As a result, 'AromaT' with high anthocyanin content, fine particle size, and low damaged starch content is expected to provide a new rice material in various processing fields.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.418-428
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to obtain the codex classification information on the primary food commodity (fresh state) of processed foods of plant origin that are included in the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. Furthermore, whether or not the primary food commodity is included in the primary food classification from the Food Code of Korea was investigated. The results are summarized as follows: First, the Codex Classification information (number of classification codes/number of the primary food commodity group that fresh commodities of processed foods are classified/number of primary food commodity that is not included in the Codex Classification) by a processed food group appeared to be 46/8/0 for dried fruits, 76/11/1 for dried vegetables, 54/4/12 for dried herbs, 36/1/0 for cereal grain milling fractions, 17/4/3 for oils and fats (crude), 34/8/9 for oils and fats (refined), 20/8/0 for fruit juices, 3/2/0 for vegetable juices, and 19 codes for teas (in the Codex Classification, the primary food commodity group for tea does not exist). Second, the number of the primary food commodities not included in the Food Code of Korea was 9 for dried fruits, 14 for dried vegetables, 35 for dried herbs, 0 for cereal grain milling fractions, 6 for teas, 3 for oils and fats (crude), 9 for oils and fats (refined), 2 for fruit juices, and 0 for vegetable juices. Third, it was demonstrated that caution should be exercised when using Codex Classification due to differences in food classification between Codex and Korea, such as coconut (Codex, as tree nut as well as assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruit) and olive (Codex, as assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruit as well as olives for oil production), as well as special cases in the Codex Classification, such as dried chili pepper (Codex, as spice), tomato juice (Codex, as vegetable for primary food commodity and as fruit juice for juice) and ginger (Codex, as spice for rhizome and not including as primary commodity for leaves).

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2023

The Paintings of a 60^th Wedding Anniversary Ceremony Created by an Unknown Painter (Deoksu 6375), housed by the National Museum of Korea, is a five-panel painting book depicting scenes from a wedding ceremony. Hoehonrye is a type of repeated wedding ceremony to commemorate a couple's 60th wedding anniversary with congratulations from the community. The paintings of the book record five scenes from the wedding: jeoninrye, a ceremony where the groom brings a wooden wild goose to the bride's house; gyoberye, the groom and the bride bowing to each other; heosurye, pouring liquor to toast to the couple's longevity; jeopbin, offering tea to guests; and a banquet to celebrates the couple's 60th wedding anniversary. The book describes figures, buildings and a variety of items in detail with delicate brushstrokes. The techniques were examined using microscopy, infrared, and X-ray irradiation and hyperspectral imaging analysis. The invisible parts were examined to identify the rough sketch and distinguish pigments and dyes used for each color. The components of the pigments were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, while the dyes were identified by UV-vis spectrometry. Microscope observation revealed that the fabric used for the paintings was raw silk thread with almost no fiber twist, and plain silk fabric. Hyperspectral imaging analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and UV-vis spectrometry confirmed that the white pigment was white lead and the black was chinese ink. The red pigments were using red clay, cinnabar, and a mixture of cinnabar and minium. Brown was made using red clay and organic dyes, and yellow using gamboge. Green was identified as indigo, malachite, chrome green, barium sulfide, and blue as azurite, smalt, and indigo. The purple dye was estimated as a mixture of indigo and cochineal, and gold parts were used gold powder. Hyperspectral images were distinguished parts damaged and conservation treatment area.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mouthwash containing sodium chloride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation index, and bad breath through clinical trials. Materials and Methods: This trial was designed as 12 weeks and subjects were instructed to put an appropriate amount of the provided standard detergent on a toothbrush and brush their teeth 3 times a day. They were instructed to gargle a mouthwash provided to each group after brushiung. Efficacy was evaluated by performing gingival and periodontal-related index tests, dental plaque changes, and bad breath tests a total of 5 times. All data were statistically analyzed using 2-sample t-test, paired t-test to compare between groups at 95% significance level using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: As a result of the PMA index measurement, the gingivitis improvement effect rate of the experimental group compared to the control group was 107.63% after 8 weeks and 73.08% after 12 weeks. As a result of the PHP index measurement, the plaque improvement effect rate of the experimental group compared to the control group was 79.37% after 8 weeks and 74.06% after 12 weeks. As a result of measuring volatile sulfur compounds using Oral Chroma, the effectiveness of improvement in bad breath in the experimental group was 65.06% after 8 weeks and 99.33% after 12 weeks, compared to the control group. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was confirmed that effective gingivitis alleviation, plaque removal effect and bad breath removal effect can be expected when a mouthwash containing sodium chloride, green tea extract, and sodium monofluorophosphate is used.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2016

Best drought tolerance index was determined through statistics analysis and growth appearance of drought tolerant plants was determined by cultivation in pot and sloping land. For determination of best drought tolerant indicators, RD(Resistant dry days), LD(Leaf area), UTR(Unit transpiration), RWC(Relative water content), RWL(Relative water loss), LA(Leaf area), SN(Stoma unmber) and SA(Stoma area) were carried out by correlation and PCA analysis. RWL and UTR were affected on plant drought tolerance according to comparison among six indices for resistant dry days. The PCs axes separated SA, LA, RD and RWC and SN. UTR was negatively correlated with SA, RWL were also negatively correlated with RWC and SN. RWL and UTR were proved best selection indicator for the selection of drought tolerant species. Ulmus parvifolia, Bidens bipinnata, Patrinia villosa, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia gmelini etc. were selected drought tolerant plants. Shoot growth appearance of drought resistant plants was differed pot and sloping land. Shoot growth and leaf number was no significant differences between the pot and sloping land. However, root growth of drought tolerant plants was all the difference between two cultivation. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants was also found a big difference. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants in sloping land was lower than that of pot. These results will be served efficiently plant breeding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2011

Agricultural environment of Lam Dong province, which is located in central highland area, is totally different from that of other lower areas in Vietnam. In Lam Dong province, abundant plant resources were naturally grown such as pine trees, taxus, and wild orchids, which can grow in high mountainous area. In Lam Dong, the field proportion of perennial crops was higher than that of annual crops. However, the field proportion and yields of vegetables were highest among the all cultivated crops, estimating 38% (36,552ha) and 72% (993,082MT), respectively. Especially in Da Lat, vegetables, flowers, orchids, and industrial crops were mainly produced because this area is geographically close to Ho Chi Minh city. And also in Da Lat, 64% (8,447ha) and 36% (4,777ha) of farm fields were used for producing annual and perennial crops, respectively, and the yields of fresh vegetables in this area was estimated to 213,478MT which was 21.5% of the whole yields in Lam Dong province. Thus Korea, Taiwan, Japan, France, and Holland have invested to agriculture in Da Lat for producing and exporting flowers, vegetables, and tea. In 2009, flower cultivation area of Da Lat was over 55% in Lam Dong province and average amount of values were 9,781 million USD, which was higher than that of al other crops. Thus following strategies could be suggested for the development of agriculture in Lam Dong province. The first, agricultural cooperation with Da Lat, Lam Dong, should be characterized to horticulture and floriculture, followed by supporting both appropriate R&D techniques and equipments. And then agricultural system should be made in relationship with the local companies. Finally, agricultural cooperation program should be conducted toward the direction for both donor and recipient countries.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.715-728
• /
• 2023

Tracksite of pterosaurs, birds, and dinosaurs in Chungmugong-dong in Jinju was designated as a natural monument in 2011 and is known as the world's largest in terms of the number and density of pterosaur footprints. This site has been managed by installing protection buildings to conserve in 2018. About 17% of the footprints of pterosaur, theropod, and ornithopod in this site under management in the 2nd protection building are of great academic value, but observation of footprints has difficulties due to continuous physical and chemical damage. In particular, the accumulation of milk-white contaminants is formed by the gypsum and air pollutant complex. Gypsum remains evaporated with a plate or columnar shape in the process of water circulation around the 2nd protection building, and the dust is from through the inflow of the gallery windows. The aqueous solution of gypsum, consisting of calcium from the lower bed and sulfur from grass growth, is catchmented into the groundwater from the area behind the protection building. Pollen and a few minerals other constituents of contaminants, go through the gallery window, which makes it difficult to expel dust. To conserve the fossil-bearing beds from two contaminants of different origins, controlling the water and atmospheric circulation of the 2nd protection building and removing the contaminants continuously is necessary. When cleaning contaminants, the steam cleaning method is sufficiently effective for powder-shaped milk-white contaminants. The fossil-bearing bed consists of dark gray shale with high laser absorption power; the laser cleaning method accompanies physical loss to fossils and sedimentary structures; therefore, avoiding it as much as possible is desirable.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.69 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2024

This experiment was conducted at the affiliated farm of the Suncheon University from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of soybeans based on the treatment method of Methyl Sulfony Methane (MSM) for the establishment of stable production practices. In the initial investigation of growth characteristics in 2022, an increasing trend in characteristics such as plant height, stem thickness, and branching index was observed as the treatment concentration increased from 50% to 200%. Yield components also followed the same trend, with the basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 200% treatment showing the highest yield at 355 kg·10a^-1, with the highest number of pods. In the subsequent study to determine the optimal concentration exceeding 200% in 2023, growth characteristics showed a trend of 400% > 200% > 800%. The basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% treatment exhibited the longest plant height (106.7 cm) and the most branches (6). In terms of seed quality, this treatment also had the highest proportion (66.9%) of seeds with a diameter over 6.7 mm. Additionally, in yield components such as pods, seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight, the basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% treatment showed the highest values, resulting in a maximum yield of 374 kg·10a^-1, representing a 23.4% increase compared to the control. Therefore, for the optimal production of high-quality soybeans, it is recommended to apply the treatment of basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% concentration, with top dressing occurring at 30-day intervals before harvest.