• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.176-211
• /
• 2023

Nine copepod species of the family Artotrogidae Brady, 1880 are described or redescribed from Korea. Included new species are two in the genus Artotrogus Boeck, 1859, one each in the genera Bradypontius Giesbrecht, 1895, Cryptopontius Giesbrecht, 1899, Neopontius Scott T., 1898 and Chejupontius n. gen., and two in the genus Sewellopontius Ummerkutty, 1966. Chejupontius n. gen. resembles Ascidipontius Kim I. H., 1996, Pulicitrogus Kim I. H., 1998, and Sewellopontius in having reduced armature of leg 1, but is distinguished from these and other genera of the family by the large, mediodistally expanded protopod of leg 5 and by a combination of characters exhibited in leg 1 that the first exopodal segment lacks an inner seta, the second exopodal segment lacks an outer spine, the third exopodal segment is armed with three spines plus one to three setae, and the second endopodal segment is armed with a single inner seta. Pteropontius cristatus Giesbrecht, 1895 known previously only from the Mediterranean Sea is redescribed, based on a newly collected specimen from Korea, and P. trimerus Kim I. H., 1996 is removed to the genus Sewellopontius. A short note is given for the epibiotic suctorian Thecacineta calix (Schroder, 1907) which was found attached to the antennule of a new copepod species.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
• /
• pp.490-493
• /
• 2002

In this paper, the old Fourier-Motzkin method (abbreviated as the old FH method from now on) is first modified to the form which can derive all minimal vectors as well as all minimal support vectors of nonnegative integer homogeneous solutions (i.e., T-invariants) for a matrix equation $Ax=b=0^{m{\times}1}$, $A\epsilonZ^{m{\times}n}$ and $b\epsilonZ^{m{\times}1}$, of a given Petri net, where the old FM method is a well-known and direct method that can obtain at least all minimal support solutions for $Ax=0^{m{\times}1}$ from the incidence matrix . $A\epsilonZ^{m{\times}n}$, Secondly, for $Ax=b\ne0^{m{\times}n}$ a new extended FM method is given; i.e., all nonnegative integer minimal vectors which contain all minimal support vectors of not only homogeneous but also inhomogeneous solutions are systematically obtained by applying the above modified FH method to the augmented incidence matrix $\tilde{A}$ =〔A,-b〕$\epsilon$ $Z^{m{\times}(n＋1)}$ s.t. $\tilde{A}\tilde{x}$ = 0^{m{\times}1}$ However, note that for this extended FM method we need some criteria to obtain a minimal vector as well as a minimal support vector from both of nonnegative integer homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions for Ax=b. Then those criteria are also discussed and given in this paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.135-138
• /
• 1995

Soybean meal was fermented by Aspergillus usami in order to reduce phytate content. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. The contents of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and crude ash were slightly increased following fermentation with a concomitant reduction in nitrogen free extract. Though the fermentation partly degraded proteins in the soybean meal, there was small difference in amino acid composition between the soybean meal and the fermented soybean meal. The results showed that the fermentation did not affect nutritional value of protein in soybean meal. Approximately 55% of phosphorus extracted by trichloroacetic acid was inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) in the soybean meal. The content of inositol tetra to hexaphosphates was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. These results indicated that the fermentation almost completely eliminated phytate in soybean meal. Phytase activity was not detected in the unfermented soybean meal. However, the enzyme activity in the fermented soybean meal was 167.7 U/g. When the fermented soybean meal in supplemented in formula feeds, phytase in the fermented soybean meal might partly degrade the phytate in other ingredients in the digestive tract. The fermented soybean meal is possibly used as a phytate-free protein source of feed, which contains high available phosphorus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.768-774
• /
• 2007

To study the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment on the expression of hepatic genes in pigs, weaned, crossbred pigs (30 d old) were fed diets supplemented with either 2% tallow or DHA oil for 18 d. Hepatic mRNA was extracted. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to explore the hepatic genes that were specifically regulated by dietary DHA enrichment. After subtraction, we observed 288 cDNA fragments differentially expressed in livers from pigs fed either 2% DHA oil or 2% tallow for 18 d. After differential screening, 7 genes were found to be differentially expressed. Serum amyloid A protein 2 (SAA2) was further investigated because of its role in lipid metabolism. Northern analysis indicated that hepatic SAA2 was upregulated by dietary DHA enrichment (p<0.05). In a second experiment, feeding 10% DHA oil for 2d significantly increased the expression of SAA2 (compared to the 10% tallow group; p<0.05). The porcine SAA2 full length cDNA sequence was cloned and the sequence was compared to the human and mouse sequences. The homology of the SAA2 amino acid sequence between pig and human was 73% and between pig and mouse was 62%. There was a considerable difference in SAA2 sequences among these species. Of particular note was a deletion of 8 amino acids, in the pig compared to the human. This fragment is a specific characteristic for the SAA subtype that involved in acute inflammation reaction. Similar to human and mouse, porcine SAA2 was highly expressed in the liver of pigs. It was not detectable in the skeletal muscle, heart muscle, spleen, kidney, lung, and adipose tissue. These data suggest that SAA2 may be involved in mediation of the function of dietary DHA in the liver of the pig, however, the mechanism is not yet clear.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.188-197
• /
• 2018

Benzidine, a known carcinogen, is closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in BC progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), in regulating benzidine-induced EMT remains unclarified. Hence, two human bladder cell lines, T24 and EJ, were utilized in our study. Briefly, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Quantitative PCR and western blot were utilized to determine both gene expressions as well as protein levels of EMT and MAPK, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected to further determine ERK5 function. As a result, the migration and invasion abilities were enhanced, epithelial marker expression was decreased while mesenchymal marker expression was increased in human BC cell lines. Meanwhile, benzidine administration led to activation of ERK5 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins, without effective stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. Moreover, Benzidine-induced EMT and ERK5 activation were completely suppressed by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Of note, ERK1/2 was activated in benzidine-treated T24 cells, while benzidine-induced EMT could not be reversed by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, as indicated by further study. Collectively, our findings revealed that ERK5-mediated EMT was critically involved in benzidine-correlated BC progression, indicating the therapeutic significance of ERK5 in benzidine-related BC.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.529-544
• /
• 2015

This study investigated consumer's fragrance preferences as well as image, color, and TPO associations with fragrance. Eight branded perfumes of four fragrance families were selected according to the top note (floral, fruity, green, and citrus) as stimuli; consequently, fragrance preferences and associations were measured. A survey that included a scent test was conducted; subsequently, 186 responses from male and female consumers in their twenties were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square analysis. The fruity fragrance was shown to be preferred the most. The perfume itself was associated with cool image, blue or pale tone colors, summer, and casual occasions in general, while a citrus fragrance was related to warm, winter, and deep tone colors in specific. Fragrance associations could be utilized in perfume marketing plans and activities such as advertising and packaging development.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2014

In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, "Testing at the speed of stakeholder's need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition."

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.363-371
• /
• 2002

선만실용임업편람(鮮滿實用林業便覽) 및 Mori의 한선식물명휘(韓鮮植物名彙)에 실린 Nakai의 많은 나명들이 비합법적으로 발표된 이름임에도 불구하고 여러 식물도감에서 지속적으로 잘못 사용하고 있다. 지난 30여년간 일부 국내학자들에 의한 새로운 조합명도 기본명이 발표된 문헌과 저자, 발표년도 등에 대한 기재가 없어 비합법적으로 발표된 학명으로 확인되었다. 또한, 신종기재시 요구되는 기재와 표징뿐 아니라 기준표본에 대한 언급을 명확하게 밝히지 않거나 혹은 문헌상으로만 기준표본이 존재하고 실질적으로 기준 표본을 보관하지 않은 식물명은 모두 나명이거나 혹은 비합법적으로 발표된 학명들이다. 이러한 학명들은 더 이상 사용되어서는 안되는 이름들이다. 목본식물 중 이전의 문헌에서 간과하기 쉬운 비합명을 정리한 본 연구가 다른 연구자들에게 도움이 되길 바라며 초본에서도 이와 같은 연구가 시도될 수 있기를 바란다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.2.1-2.14
• /
• 2020

The emergence of livestock-associated (LA)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in livestock animal has become a significant zoonotic concern. In the present study, we investigated nationwide prevalence of LA-MRSA across pork production chain including pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets. A total of 40 MRSA strains were isolated during the investigation and the overall prevalence of MRSA was 3.4% (n = 37), 0.6% (n = 2), and 0.4% (n = 1) in pig farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that the 2 most significant clonal lineages in pork production chain in Korea were ST398 (n = 25) and ST541 (n = 6). All of the 40 MRSA isolates were further characterized to investigate key genotypic and phenotypic correlates associated with the emergence and spread of clonal complex 398 (CC398; ST398, and ST541) LA-MRSA. Although the prevalence of swine-associated MRSA was still relatively low and mostly restricted to pig farms, multidrug-resistant CC398 LA-MRSA isolates with new spa types (t18102 and t18103) were identified as a major clonal lineage. The CC398 LA-MRSA strains tended to exhibit increased levels of multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype compared with non-CC398 MRSA strains. Of note, in comparison with non-CC398 MRSA isolates, CC398 LA-MRSA isolates exhibited significantly enhanced tetracycline (TET) and zinc resistance. These findings suggested that co-selection pressure associated with MDR phenotype, especially TET resistance, and zinc resistance may have played a significant role in the emergence and persistence of CC398 LA-MRSA in pig farms in Korea.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2011

터널 공사 중 많은 문제를 야기시킬 수 있는 불확실한 지반상태 및 터널 공법에 따른 여러 리스크를 최소화 할 수 있도록 전반적인 위험도 평가를 터널 설계 시 반드시 수행하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도심지 및 하저터널 구간의 터널공법으로 NATM 또는 쉴드 TBM 적용시 공법별 발생할 수 있는 리스크에 대하여 분석하였다. 우선 연구대상 지역의 주요 리스크 항목을 선정한 후 공법적용시 발생 가능한 리스크와 그 영향을 검토하고, 각각의 리스크 발생가능성과 터널공사에 미치는 위험도에 따라 정량적으로 등급화 하였다. 이러한 리스크 분석을 통하여 주요 위험도 영향을 고려한 공사비 및 공기분석을 수행하고 터널공법별 비교위험도를 평가하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 복합지반으로 구성된 도심지 대단면 터널에 대해 리스크 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 안전하고 경제적인 터널공법을 선정하였다. 단, 본 연구는 국한된 지층 및 특별조건에서의 비교위험도를 평가한 결과임을 밝혀둔다.