• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.146-161
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• 1995

This study is an effort to bring our attention to social dependence on alcohol, focusing on previous studies of drinking behaviors. Although drinking behavior and problems must be understood in a biopsychosocial framework, a certain aspect is often ignored in alcohol research. A few attention has been paid to social aspect of alcohol abuse or dependence. Social processes of drinking behavior deserve to have same attention as other aspects, psychological and physical aspects of the behavior. Literature show that the interdependence among group members exists to regulate individual's drinking behavior. Such social interactions tend to control drinking level for individual in terms of amounts, frequency, and preference. The drinking level tends to be dependent on desires for heavy drinkers, ignoring variabilities of individual's sensitivity to alcohol. However, such a heavy-oriented tendency in drinking behavior may have different patterns which are function of normative orientation of alcohol. negotiation among group members, and ethnoreligious characteristics. Perspectives from conflict tradition and symbolic interactionism are welcomed to illuminate multi-dimentional aspects of social dependence. Policy implication were discussed from public health perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2002

This talk provides an overview of current work in my research group on the syntactic annotation of the T bingen corpus of spoken German and of the German Reference Corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus: DEREKO) of written texts. Morpho-syntactic and syntactic annotation as well as annotation of function-argument structure for these corpora is performed automatically by a hybrid architecture that combines robust symbolic parsing with finite-state methods ("chunk parsing" in the sense Abney) with memory-based parsing (in the sense of Daelemans). The resulting robust annotations can be used by theoretical linguists, who lire interested in large-scale, empirical data, and by computational linguists, who are in need of training material for a wide range of language technology applications. To aid retrieval of annotated trees from the treebank, a query tool VIQTORYA with a graphical user interface and a logic-based query language has been developed. VIQTORYA allows users to query the treebanks for linguistic structures at the word level, at the level of individual phrases, and at the clausal level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.139-143
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• 2003

When the past architecture is renovated, the important point is to approach from social and historical point of view. In Europe, there are many cultural and architectural hereditaments by backed-up ancient history and are usually happened modernistic applications of these architectures. Specially, when the past architecture is renovated, this study is focused on cases of museum and gallery which the people are approachable by me. I studied how to expressed the durability and to distinguish the design characteristics that is connected with the past from the European cases at modernistic point of time. The design characteristics are discovered two kinds. The first is 'consideration of the past architecture' and the second is 'consideration of the present age'. The results of this study are as follows； 1. The component reanalysis 2. The use of material 3. The introduction of symbolic elements 4. The Change of function

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.10
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• pp.73-80
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• 1995

In this paper, a synthesis tool using matrix operations for designing multi-level Reed Muller circuits is described which has been named as MRM (Multi-level Reed Muller Minimizer). The synthesis method which uses matrix operations has advantages in effectively minimizing chip area, delay optimization and fault detection capability. However, it uses only truth-table type maps for inputs, synthesizing only small circuits. To overcome the weakness, our method accepts two-level description of a logic function. Since the number of cubes in the two-level description is small, the input matrix becomes small and large circuits can be synthesized. To convert two-level representations into multi-level ones, different input patterns are extracted to make a map which can be fed to the matrix operation procedure. Experimental results show better performance than previous methods. The matrix operation method presented in this paper is new to the society of Reed Muller circuits synthesis and provides solid mathematical foundations.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

The Municipal Building of Busan was the first western-style building of Korea in 1879. It was also the predecessor of Busan Metropolitan City Hall. On the other hand, the Municipal Building of Busan was a symbolic structure that shows the history of Busan. The Municipal Building of Busan has inherited the construction location and site, including the speciality of Choryangwaegwan, and is a good example of the process of inheriting the authority of the former space through the appropriation of the building. The Municipal Building of Busan was relocated to the edge of the coast in 1934 because a small and dilapidated building failed to function properly. The relocation of the Municipal Building of Busan in 1934 was the origin of changing the coastal space in downtown. As a result, landfill sites along the coast were in the limelight and developed into the downtown area of Busan after Korea's liberation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the interrelationship of awareness of body type and clothing behavior. The questionnaires were collected from 457 middle and high school girls is Seoul. The samples were divided into two groups according to their awareness of body type. In total 'high-aware group'(that is, more aware their body type than normal) was 54.9%, but in high school-girls 'high-aware group' was 60.1%. The ideal height and weight did not differ regardless of their body type. Even though their real weight is normal and under the average, the awareness of body type was very severe. The distortion of body type was observed. The more she were aware their body type, the more felt risks of clothing purchase. Also 'high-aware group' considered symbolic function of clothing more seriously. The satisfaction of clothing were partly influenced by the awareness of body type. The factor analyses of clothing satisfaction of two groups ended with different factors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

In this article, the constitutive relations of three types of piezoelectric benders, which are a unimorph bender, a bimorph bender and a triple-layer bender, are derived based on the beam theory under the quasi-static equilibrium condition. The relation coefficients are described as the geometry and material properties of the benders. More general constitutive relations involving fixed-free, fixed-roll, and fixed-simply supported boundary conditions under the inconsistent length condition between the piezoelectric layer and the nonpiezoelectric one are discussed. The complicated constitutive relations can be easily calculated and checked by using the symbolic function in ‘Mathematica’. The relation coefficients for the benders are plotted in three dimensional graph using the developed program.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-266
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• 2000

The problem of solution uniqueness to the task of determining unknown parameters of mathematical models from input-output observations is studied. This problem is known as structural identifiability problem. We offer a new approach for testing structural identifiability of linear state space models. The approach compares favorably with numerous methods proposed by other authors for two main reasons. First, it is formulated in obvious mathematical form. Secondly, the method does not involve unfeasible symbolic computations and thus allows to test identifiability of large-scale models. In case of non-identifiability, when there is a set of solutions to the task, we offer a method of computing functions of the unknown parameters which can be determined uniquely from input-output observations and later used as new parameters of the model. Such functions are called parametric functions capable of estimation. To develop the method of computation of these functions we use Lie group transformation theory. Illustrative example is given to demonstrate applicability of presented methods.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2013

What is the foundation of mathematical thinking? Is it logic based symbolic language system? or does it rely more on mental imagery and visuo-spatial abilities? What kind of neural changes happen if someone's mathematical abilities improve through practice? To answer these questions, basic cognitive processes including long term memory, working memory, visuo-spatial perception, number processes are considered through neuropsychological outcomes. Neuronal changes following development and practices are inspected and we can show there are neural networks critical for the mathematical thinking and development: prefrontal-anterior cingulate-parietal network. Through these inquiry, we can infer the answer to our question.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 1987

This paper describes the SEAS which is a 2-dimensional graphic editor for schematic circuit and IC mask layout. This system runs on general purpose computer and Tektronix 4110 series graphic terminal. With this system, user can edit schematic circuits and/or IC mask layout with 2 level hierarchy. This system supports more than 20 kinds of built-in symbol, user definable internal symbols, 60 macros, 16 function keys, 4 level on-screen menu operation and edit-in-place of cell in main drawing. And it provides editing functions such as reflection, rotation, move and copy of one or a group of elements, and modification of polygona geometry etc. To improve the excution speed, we used local memory of graphic terminal. For the portability of the program, the system is written in FORTRAN 77 programming language.