• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.428-433
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• 2017

Background: In this study, the fermentation of ginseng seeds was hypothesized to produce useful physiologically-active substances, similar to that observed for fermented ginseng root. Ginseng seed was fermented using Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus strains to extract ginseng seed oil, and the extraction yield, color, and quantity of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterol were then analyzed. Methods: The ginseng seed was fermented inoculating 1% of each strain on sterilized ginseng seeds and incubating the seeds at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Oil was extracted from the fermented ginseng seeds using compression extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Results and Conclusion: The color of the fermented ginseng seed oil did not differ greatly according to the fermentation or extraction method. The highest phenolic compound content recovered with the use of supercritical fluid extraction combined with fermentation using the Bacillus subtilis Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) 1127 strain. The fatty acid composition did not differ greatly according to fermentation strain and extraction method. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method was highest at 983.58 mg/100 g. Therefore, our results suggested that the ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method can yield a higher content of bioactive ingredients, such as phenolics, and phytosterols, without impacting the color or fatty acid composition of the product.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intestinal bacteria on the growth of enteric bacteria, especially infectious harmful bacteria such as food poisoning, gastritis and enteritis, and the growth of beneficial bacteria. By dividing the rat into three test groups; normal control group, Loperamide-treated group, and supercritical heat-treated radish complex extracts(HRE)-treated group, animal experiments were performed to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria without affecting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. It was found that it can be usefully used as an effective and safe health food composition for improving intestinal function and bacterial intestinal disease. In particular, it can be concluded that supercritical heat-treated radish complex extract is a safe food that does not show any side effects even when taken for a long time.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2016

Surface-active substances in defatted rapeseed cake were obtained using a supercritical fluid extraction method. Then, it was purified by removing sinapine in the extract through a series of steps using a mixed solvent: diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). Emulsifying properties of purified surface-active substances were investigated, including fat globule size, zeta potentials and creaming stability and its antioxidant activity in emulsion systems were also studied by peroxide value and $^1H$-NMR spectrum. It was found that fat globules in emulsions with purified surface-active substances were much smaller than ones with the unpurified. In addition, as pH of the emulsion lowered and with increasing NaCl concentration in the emulsion, they were observed to increase, which led to worse creaming stability. These properties were reflected in changes of zeta potentials of emulsions. The oxidative stability was better in emulsions with purified surface-active substances than ones with Tween 20 or commercial lecithin, possibly resulted from the existence of sinapic acid in the extract. It was concluded that purified surface-active substances from defatted rapeseed cake could be simultaneously used as emulsifier and antioxidant agent in emulsion system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.241-251
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• 2020

This study was performed to develop the cosmetics containing extract of U.davidiana, which has been confirmed as a functional ingredient of anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and also to evaluate the improvement effects of dry and sensitive skin such as atopic dermatitis. Toxicity tests of the Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid residue 60% EtOH extracts(USCFR), Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid extracts(USCF) and preliminary formulations, DKBP-1903(gel), containing the USCFR and USCF were determined to be 'Non-toxic'. Based on this, the stability test of the lotion, cream, gel formulation was conducted and the results showed that cream and gel formulation were stable. A 48-hour moisturizing sustainability test and the improvement test on the pruritus caused by dryness were selected for the cosmetic efficacy test to evaluate the improvement of atopic dermatitis and as a result both cream and gel have been found to be relatively safe moisturizers that can help dry and sensitive skin.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid residue EtOH extracts(USCFR) and ethyl acetate solvent fraction (USCFREA) of supercritical extraction foil were investigated in order to examine the recycling of supercritical extraction foil in the process of studying Ulmus davidiana branch supercritical extract. Experiments were performed for the determination of total phenol content. The $IC_{50}$ value(ppm) of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity was $7.42{\pm}0.09$, $7.50{\pm}0.05$, $22.94{\pm}0.09$, $6.43{\pm}0.10$, and USCFREA, respectively, as compared with the positive control (vitamin C) with values $17.80{\pm}0.14$ and $5.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively. The antioxidative activities of USCFR and USCFREA were confirmed to be superior to the positive control group. In anti-allergic activity studies, both USCFR and USCFREA showed concentration-dependentanti-allergic activity, and USCFREA showed strong anti-allergic activity even at very low concentrations. Thetotal phenolic contents (ugEG, ugGA; ppm) of USCFR were $134.17{\pm}0.13$, $132.02{\pm}0.24$ and USCFREA were $154.77{\pm}1.05$ and $153.18{\pm}1.10$, respectively. Based on the above results and strong antioxidant activity, USCFR and USCFREA hold the potential to be considered as basic research materials for the development of therapeutic supplements based medicines or functional cosmetics related to chronic inflammatory skin immunity diseases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.849-854
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• 2022

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts, which extract decursin and decursinol angelate, the vital active ingredients of Angelica gigas Nakai, in high yield, was measured compared to that of ethanol extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory effect, the production of nitric oxide(NO), an inflammatory mediator, and interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8, inflammatory cytokines, was measured. NO production was measured by Griess assay on Raw 264.7 cells induced inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and IL-6 and IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA) on human keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT) cells induced inflammatory response by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. The amount of NO production was suppressed outstandingly by the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts compared to the ethanol extracts. The amount of IL-6 and IL-8 production was increased by the ethanol extracts, whereas statistically significantly inhibited by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts at the concentration of 6.25 ㎍/mL(P<0.01). Through these results, we confirmed that the supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai could be used as an anti-inflammatory cosmeceutical material to alleviate atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.394-400
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the anti-atopic effect of hot water (PPWE) and supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid extract of persimmon peels (SPPE) on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in hairless mice. Histological analyses demonstrated that SPPE treatment more strongly inhibited the dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells in AD-like skin lesions than that by PPWE. Compared to PPWE, SPPE significantly decreased the dermatitis clinical score and the epidermal thickness and potently suppressed serum IgE and interleukin (IL)-4 production in hairless mice with AD. Furthermore, compared to PPWE, SPPE potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that SPPE exhibited anti-atopic dermatitis activity via the regulation of inflammatory responses.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 2010

The fruit of Actinidia polygama, Mock-chun-ryo in Korea, has been used as traditional medicine for abdominal pain, rheumatic arthritis, and stroke. In a previous study, the ethanol extract of A. polygama Max. showed antiinflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis effects of supercritical fluid marc extracts from A. polygama Max. Anti-inflammatory extracts were produced from supercritical fluid extraction of the silver vine under the following conditions; pressure, 1,500-4,500 psi, temperature $35-55^{\circ}C$ and extraction time 1-2 hr. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of the extracts, we studied nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) levels in RAW 264.7 cells and MMP-9 activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). The Marc 11 extract inhibited the production of NO, $PGE_2$, and TNF-$\alpha$ by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the marc 11 extract inhibited TNF-$\alpha$-induced MMP-9 activity in HASMC. These results indicate that the Marc 11 extract of A. polygama Max. has the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1268-1274
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• 1999

Pine twigs with buds were cut into $2{\sim}3\;mm$ long pieces and about 18g was used for each experiment. Pressure and temperature ranges employed were $100{\sim}300\;bar$ and $35{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, respectively. Volatile compounds of extracts were isolated and identified by gas chromatography and mass selective detector. Twenty three compounds from the extracts were identified. Limonene and ${\beta}-pinene$ were found to be the major components with $32.6{\sim}43.4%$ being limonene. Extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction were lower in monoterpene and higher in oxygenated terpenoids than those by steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDE). Sensory evaluation showed that the pine flavor extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide was much better in quality than that of SDE. In conclusion, it was found out that supercritical fluid extraction can successfully be applied to extract high quality flavor from pine.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.860-865
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• 1997

Brown rice oil contains palmitic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, tocopherol, squalene, etc. The oil including essential fatty acids was extracted from the domestic brown rice bran using supercritical carbon dioxide(SCC) process, and the extracts were analyzed with GC-MSD. The extraction amount of brown rice oil was dependent upon the operating pressure and temperature, and the fatty acid composition of oil was varied with the reduced density(${\rho}_{\gamma}$) of the SCC. About 70~80% of brown rice oil was extracted in 4 hours. Especially, squalene which was not found in solvent extract phase was identified in supercritical fluid extraction phase only.