• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.3 s.39
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• pp.223-237
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• 1992

This study was to examine the association of the health-related behaviors and subjective symptoms with smoking. Data were collected by questionnaire survey during regular health examination from Mar. 23 to Mar. 31, 1992 for 1,615 male freshmen of a university in Kwangju City. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Among the freshmen, 26.9% reported that they were smokers. 69.4% for smokers started smoking for the recent 4 years, and 63.4% for smokers smoked 10 cigarettes or more a day. 2. Meal regularity, meat eating, use of coffee or tea and alcohol drinking were positively associated with the status, the duration and the amount of smoking while the vegetable preference was negatively associated with the status and the duration of smoking. 3. There was no evidence of familial aggregation in smoking status except that of siblings. 4. Respiratory symptoms like cough or phlegm, dyspnea were positively associated with the status, the duration, and the amount of smoking. General symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, back pain, facial edema, and weight loss were positively associated with the duration and the amount of smoking. Other symptoms like headache, dizziness, and myalgia were not associated with smoking. 5. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, cough or phlegm, dyspnea, chest pain, facial edema, and back pain were related to smoking status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.731-740
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• 2000

A study was done to identify the differences of women's perception of fatigue according to the period of pregnancy. Questionnaires were collected from 510 normal pregnant women in 3 University Hospitals in Korea from April to November of 1999. The questionnaires used to measure pregnant women's fatigue were the "Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue Test" designed by the Research Committee of Industrial Fatigue in Hygienic Association of Japanese Industry. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS-Win. The results revealed that there was a significant difference according to the periods of pregnancy: The degree of fatigue was the highest in the first trimester and then third and second trimester in decreasing order (F=89.53, p=0.000). The degree of fatigue was also compared with the respect to the general characteristics of women: There were statistically significant differences according to number of pregnancy (t=6.41, p=0.000), expectation of pregnancy (t=-291, p=0.004) and weight change (F=8.07, p=0.000). Therefore, variable nursing intervention should be provided to alleviate the fatigue according to the each trimester of pregnant period. Especially the nursing intervention program to alleviate the physical fatigue in the first trimester is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.477-492
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• 1999

The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.513-525
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was intended to measure fatigue symptoms according to the quality of sleep among nurses working for an university hospital and to reveal its related factors. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were given to 397 nurses employed in an university hospital located in Daejeon City during the period from June 1st to July 31st, 2007. Results: The group with higher quality of sleep accounted for 78.1% of all the subjects and the one with lower quality, 21.9%. According to qualities of sleep, the fatigue symptom was determined to be significantly higher in the group with lower quality of sleep than its counterpart. On adjustment for quality of sleep, the level of fatigue symptom was significantly higher in the groups, than in each respective counterparts, who don't take regular exercises, who have few leisure time, who have lower level of subjective health status, who range ${\geq}$ 1 and < 10 years in job careers, who work in shifts, who reported that it is hard to get physical burden of work, who are satisfied with the job, who find themselves unfit to the job, who are considering quitting the job, who have higher job demand, who have lower job control, who have higher level of supervisor support, who have type A behavior pattern. Conclusion: The study results may explain that the fatigue symptom of nurses is highly associated with the quality of sleep independently of other variables and also with job-related characteristics independently of the sleep quality. In conclusion, to reduce the fatigue symptom of nurses, strategic efforts should be directed for programs to improve the quality of sleep and a proper job analysis.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of dry eye syndrome symptoms and eye fatigue on the vision-related quality of life (QOL) of middle-aged patients with dry eye syndrome. Methods: The participants of this study were 94 ophthalmology clinic outpatients aged 40-59 years who were diagnosed with dry eye syndrome at A and S Ophthalmology Clinics in D City, South Korea, and were exhibiting dry eye syndrome symptoms. Data were collected from July 5, 2021 to July 22, 2021, and analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The severity of dry eye syndrome symptoms and asthenopia (r=.73, p<.001) in the participants were positively correlated, whereas the severity of dry eye syndrome symptoms and vision-related quality of life (r=-.76, p<.001) were negatively correlated. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between eye fatigue and vision-related QOL (r=-.55, p<.001). It was found that the final factors affecting the vision-related QOL of middle-aged patients with dry eye syndrome were the severity of dry eye syndrome symptoms (β=-0.76, p<.001) and dry eye stress (β=-0.14, p=.048). The explanatory power of vision-related QOL in the participants was 56.0%. Conclusion: To develop indices that can objectively measure patients' subjective symptoms for improving their vision-related QOL is necessary.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2005

A field-sequential color projection system can display color images using panel. However, it suffers from a characteristic trichromatic separation known as "color breakup". The viewing of images exhibiting color breakup may cause visual fatigue and mental stress. In this study, the authors examine, from the standpoint of human factors, the objective and subjective symptoms that can result from the viewing of images with color breakup.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2001

A study was done to identify mothers' perception of fatigue in postpartum period. Questionnaires were collected from 267 normal postpartum mothers in Korea from July to December 2000. The questionnaires used to measure mothers' fatigue were "Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue Test" designed by Research Committee of Industrial Fatigue in Hygienic Association of Japan Industry. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-Win. The results revealed that The average fatigue score of subjects was 1.70; Physical fatigue had the highest value with a mean of 1.89, followed by psychological fatigue with a mean score of 1.62, neuro-sensory fatigue was rated lowest with a mean of 1.58. Sorting out the subjects fatigue level per a week during Sweeks, 6th week after postpartum had the highest value with a mean of 1.85. Degree of fatigue was also compared with the respect to the general characteristics of mothers: There were statistically significant differences according to mothers' job (t=-2.021, p=.046), sleeping time (t=2.771, p=.006), having a nap (t=-2.132, p=.034), baby character (F=3.089, p=.047), baby sex (t=-2.054, p=.041), having a person who help domestic affairs (t=2.292, p=.023). Therefore variable nursing intervention should be provided to alleviate the fatigue according to the postpartum period. Especially the nursing intervention program to alleviate the physical fatigue is needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was to examine the effect of Intradermal Acupuncture therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji on the shoulder pain. The research was conducted with non equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Methods :　IThe subjects were the women who was suffering for shoulder pain, who are employed at two hospitals in Busan, from April to June, 2006. The 24 women were experimental group who were applied to Intradermal Acupuncture Therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji, while the 20 women were control group who weren't applied to any treatments. The severity of shoulder pain and the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain were pre-measured. The Intradermal Acupuncture therapy was done a total of 4 times, 2 times a week over 2 weeks and from 11 a.ｍ. to 2 p.m. as an experimental treatment. As a post survey, the severity of shoulder pain, the frequency of shoulder pain and the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain were measured after one week and two weeks of experimental treatment. Research tools are Visual Analogue Scale by Cline et al. for measuring the severity of shoulder pain and the tool developed by Japan's industrial fatigue research committee of the industrial hygienics society and modified. Results : There was a significant difference(F=4.132, p=0.019) for the severity of shoulder pain on the interaction between time and group. There was a significant difference(F=11.193, p=0.000) for the extent of the subjective symptoms of shoulder pain on the interaction between time and. group. Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be determined that Intradermal Acupuncture Therapy at Kyeonjeong, Cheonryo and Kokji can be used as the effective treatments for reducing of shoulder pam.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2020

Objectives: Patients with polycythemia vera can experience many symptoms, including dizziness, headache, and fatigue, caused by a high red blood cell mass and blood viscosity. Some symptoms persist even after appropriate treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Korean medicine on dizziness following polycythemia vera treatment. Methods: A patient diagnosed with polycythemia vera was treated with Korean medicine, including pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, and herbal medicine. We used a numeral rating scale (NRS) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to observe the effects of the treatment. Results: After treatment, the hematocrit and hemoglobin increased to within normal range, and the NRS scores for dizziness and fatigue, subjective discomfort, and DHI scores decreased compared with the preadmission values. Conclusions: This report shows that Korean medicine helped to relieve dizziness in a patient with polycythemia vera. However, we need further studies to establish treatment regimens for polycythemia vera symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

To prevent the musculoskeletal diseases from repeated dental treatment, the health status and subjective symptom according to the working environment of dental hygienists were examined in 185 Gyeongnam dental hygienists from October 01, 2017 to October 30. The health status of the study subjects (χ²=40.21, p<.001), the physical burden of work (χ²=47.68, p<.001) and the mental fatigue of work (χ²=66.98, p<.001) were significantly different according to working experience. The level of mental fatigue depended on the number of dental hygienists in the clinics (p=0.032). 94.1% of the subjects knew musculoskeletal diseases and there were significant differences according to working experience (χ²=77.85, p<.001), the numbers of patients in a day (χ²=41.08, p<.001) and daily standing time (χ²=6.96, p=.008). Currently, 73.0% of the dental hygienists have musculoskeletal diseases. There was a significant difference according to the number of patients (χ²=51.01, p<.001) and daily standing time (χ²=25.15, p<.001). The presence of injured parts due to musculoskeletal disorders showed a significant difference according to the numbers of patients (χ²=18.98, p<.001) and daily standing hours (χ²=33.20, p<.001). The musculoskeletal diseases examination of dental hygienists is needed based on subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases and prevention and management of measures musculoskeletal diseases are required.