• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand which factors affect on the leisure constraint and leisure attitude of workers, to observe how the factors of leisure constraints affect on the leisure attitude. The subjects of this study were 267 urban workers who are older than 20 years old and resident in Seoul. The periods of this study was from November 15 to December 5. The modified versions of leisure constraint scale and leisure attitude scale were utilized for this study. The results of this study are as follows : First, as a result to compare the average of leisure constraint factors, intrapersonal constraint, which are individual mental status as interest, self-consciousness, uneasiness et at., was founded generally less than interpersonal constraints as personal relationship for leisure activity, or structural constraints as financial, time, information et at., Secondly, it was found that interpersonal constraint was statistically different in age, and that structural constraint was statistically different in sex, education, health status, marital status, income, and career. Thirdly, there were statistically different in cognitive leisure attitude, feeling leisure attitude, and behavioral leisure attitude according to the average monthly income and career. But, it was found that marital status and the five-day workweek system were not statistically different in 3 leisure attitude factors. Finally, 3 leisure constraint factors(intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural) had statistically significant effect on cognitive leisure attitude. Also, intrapersonal leisure constraint and interpersonal leisure constraint had statistically significant effect on feeling leisure attitude and behavioral leisure attitude

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.141-144
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• 2007

Given a number of training data, a traditional BPN is normally trained by minimizing the absolute difference between target outputs and approximate outputs. When BPN is used as a meta-model for inequality constraint function, approximate optimal solutions are sometimes actually infeasible in a case where they are active at the constraint boundary. The paper describes the development of the efficient BPN based meta-model that enhances the constraint feasibility of approximate optimal solution. The modified BPN based meta-model is obtained by including the decision condition between lower/upper bounds of a constraint and an approximate value. The proposed approach is verified through a simple mathematical function and a ten-bar planar truss problem.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

This research looks close the effect of security agent's hierarchical leisure constraint on the leisure motivation and participation based on the Jackson's Model of the hierarchical leisure constraints. This research selected 420 people for sampling, designating security agents who work for security companies located in Seoul in 2009 at present as subjects by utilizing purposive sampling method, but the number of sampling used for ultimate analysis is 356. In this research, reliability analysis's and structural equation modeling's Maximum Likelihood method are used to prove the reliability and validity of questionnaire. By using these research method and procedures, the conclusion of this research is as following. First, intra-personal leisure constraint was affected by interpersonal, structural leisure constraint. Second, leisure motivation was affected negatively by leisure constraint. Third, leisure participation was affected positively by leisure motivation. Synthesizing all things referred above, leisure constraint was affected by inter-personal, structural leisure constraint, and in turn, leisure motivation and leisure participation were affected by its effects. It turned out that leisure motivation has a meaningful effect on leisure participation through leisure participation and adjusting process.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2016

본 연구는 목적인 소비자의 구전제약요인과 구전과의 관계를 여가제약 이론을 바탕으로 구전제약요인들과 이에 대한 협상노력이 몰입과 구전의도와 관계를 살펴보기 위한 연구모형을 설정하였으며, 변수들 간의 관계를 실증적으로 검증하였으며, 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가설을 검증한 결과 2개의 가설(가설 1, 가설 5)을 제외하고 모든 가설이 채택되었다. 이에 대한 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 내재적제약이 구전제약 요인이 구전제약 협상노력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 대인적제약과 구조적제약은 구전제약 협상노력에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, 내재적 제약의 경우 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 가설검증에서는 기각하였지만, 통계적으로는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째, 구전제약 협상노력과 몰입 그리고 구전과의 구조적인 관계를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 구전제약 협상노력은 몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있지만, 구전에는 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 몰입은 구전에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 매개역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 구전제약요인과 소비자의 몰입과 구전에 대한 종합적인 이해와 함께 중요한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

Structural optimization using improved higer-order convex approximation is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is a generalization of the convex approximation method. The order of the approximation function for each constraint is automatically adjusted in the optimization process. And also the order of each design variable is differently adjusted. This self-adjusted capability makes the approximate constraint values conservative enough to maintain the optimum design point of the approximate problem in feasible region. The efficiency of proposed algorithm, compared with conventional algorithm is successfully demonstrated in the Three-bar Truss example.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2002

A series of tests on simple-welded plate specimens (SWPS) and T-stub tension specimens simulating some of the joint details in moment frame connections were conducted in this investigation. The effects of weld strength mismatch and weld metal toughness on structural behavior of these specimens were considered under both static and dynamic loading conditions. Finite element analyses were performed by taking into account typical weld residual stress distributions and weld metal strength mismatch conditions to facilitate the interpretation of the test results. The major findings are as follows: (a) Sufficient specimen size requirements are essential in simulating both load transfer and constraint conditions that are relevant to moment frame connections, (b) Weld residual stresses can significantly elevate stress triaxiality in addition to structural constraint effects, both of which can significantly reduce the plastic deformation capacity in moment frame connections, (c) Based on the test results, dynamic loading within a loading rate of 0.02 in/in/sec, as used in this study, premature brittle fractures were not seen, although a significant elevation of the yield strength can be clearly observed. However, brittle fracture features can be clearly identified in T-stub specimens in which severe constraint effects (stress triaxiality) are considered as the primary cause, (d) Based on both the test and FEA results, T-stub specimens provide a reasonable representation of the joint conditions in moment frame connections in simulating both complex load transfer mode and constraint conditions.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.205-223
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• 2014

본 연구는 축제와 관련된 기존의 연구를 검토하고, 축제 참여자의 제약요인과 협상노력간의 관계를 살펴보고, 제약협상 노력에 따른 축제 참여 관람객의 체험인식과 만족의 관계를 검증하였다. 앞서 설명한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 설정한 가설에 근거하여 실증적으로 검증하였으며, 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 축제참여 제약과 축제참여에 대한 협상노력 측면의 경우 축제참여의 제약요인(내재적 제약, 대인적 제약, 구조적 제약)과 협상노력간의 관계에서 대인적 제약과 구조적 제약의 경우 축제참여 제약협상 노력에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 내재적 제약 요인의 경우 기각되었다. 두 번째, 축제참여와 관람객의 축제체험인식과 만족의 연구결과를 살펴 보면 축제참여가 인지적 체험, 감정적 체험 그리고 만족에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1726-1746
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• 2022

This paper presents fracture mechanics analysis results for various cracks located at pressurized water reactor pressure vessel nozzle crotch corners taking into consideration constraint effect. Technical documents such as the ASME B&PV Code, Sec.XI were reviewed and then a fracture mechanics analysis procedure was proposed for structural integrity assessment of various nozzle crotch corner cracks under normal operation conditions considering the constraint effect. Linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis was performed by conducting finite element analysis with the proposed analysis procedure. Based on the evaluation results, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis taking into account the constraint effect was performed only for the axial surface crack of the reactor pressure vessel outlet nozzle with cladding. The fracture mechanics analysis result shows that only the axial surface crack in the reactor pressure vessel outlet nozzle has the stress intensity factor exceeding the low bound of upper-shelf fracture toughness irrespectively of considering the constraint effect. It is confirmed that the J-integral for the axial crack of the outlet nozzle does not exceed the ductile crack initiation toughness. Hence, it can be ensured that the structural integrity of all the cracks is maintained during the normal operation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

동하중을 고려하는 구조해석은 전산자원과 시간측면에서 상당한 어려움이 따르기 때문에 외력을 이상적인 정하중으로 가정하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 정하중 조건으로 해석된 결과는 구조물의 안전설계 측면에서 충분한 신뢰를 주기 어렵다. 최근에는, 동하중의 영향을 받는 구조물의 효과적인 구조해석을 위해 동하중을 등가정하중으로 변환하는 기법이 제안되어 왔다. 이 기법은 최적화를 통해 구속조건을 만족하는 최소의 등가정하중을 구하는데, 구속조건은 임계시간의 변위를 사용하고, 등가정하중 분포 자유도는 경험적으로 선정하여 왔다. 그러나 안전설계 관점에서는 응력 구속조건을 적용하는 것이 타당하며, 경험적 자유도 선정은 몇 개의 자유도에 과도한 하중이 부과되거나 구조물의 거동에 영향력이 없는 자유도들이 선정될 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 등가응력 구속조건을 고려하는 등가정하중 최적화 방법을 제안하고, 축소시스템 개념을 도입한 주자유도, 구속조건 요소 자유도, 외부하중 자유도로 구성되는 등가정하중 분포 자유도의 구성방법을 제안한다. 수치예제에서는 제안된 방법으로 구해진 등가정하중을 사용하여 등가응력을 구하고 동하중 해석 결과와 비교함으로써 제안된 방법을 통한 구조해석 방법이 구조안전성 측면에서 타당함을 보인다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1579-1586
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• 2020

Dissimilar metal joints (DMJs) are more common in the application of piping system of many industries. A 2- D and 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out on dissimilar metal Single Edged Notch Bending (DMSENB) specimens fabricated from ferritic steel, austenitic steel and Inconel - 182 alloy to study the behavior of DMJs with constraints by using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) principles. Studies on DMSENB specimens are conducted with respect to (i) dissimilar metal joint width (DMJW) (geometrical constraints) (5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm) (ii) strength mismatch (material constraints) and (iii) crack lengths (16 mm, 20 mm and 24 mm) to study the DMJ behavior. From the FEA investigation, it is observed that (i) SIF increases with increase of crack length and DMJWs (ii) significant constraint effect (geometry, crack tip and strength mismatch) is observed for DMJWs of 5 mm and 10 mm (iii) stress distribution at the interfaces of DMSENB specimen exhibits clear indication of strength mismatch (iv) 3-D FEA yields realistic behavior (v) constraint effect is found to be significant if DMJW is less than 20 mm and the ratio of specimen length to the DMJW is greater than 7.4.