• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.331-344
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 직사각형 밀폐공간내에서 자연대류와 복사의 상호 영향에 대해 서 P-1 근사를 이용하여 수치적으로 해석하였다.밀폐공간내에서의 온도분포, 속도 분포 및 열전달계수를 구하였으며 열경계층내에서의 전도와 복사의 상호 영향에 대하 여 고찰하였다. 표면 복사만이 존재하는 경우에 대해서도 고찰함으로써 P-1 근사의 적용한계를 규명하였다. 벽면을 산광 방사 및 반사체(diffuse emitter and reflec- tor)로, 기체는 회색체(gray body)로 가정하였다. 이는 복사 물성치의 파장에 따른 변화를 고려할 때의 대단히 복잡한 계산 과정을 피할 수 있고, 현재의 이론적 수준에 비추어 복사 열전달의 열향을 정성적으로 규명하는데 타당한 가정이다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1995

Heat trnasfer for absorbing and emitting media in laminar layer along the cylinders has been analyzed. Governing equation are transformed to local nonsimilarity equations by the dimensional analysis. The effects of the Stark number, Prandtl number, Optical radius and wall emissivity are mainly investigated. For the formal solution a numerical integration is performed and the results are compared with those obtained by P-1 and P-3 approximation. The results show that boundary layers consist of conduction-convection-radiation layer near the wall and convection-radiation layer far from the wall. As the Stark number of wall emissivity increases the local radiative heat flux is increased. The Pradtl number or curvature variations do not affect the radiative heat flux from the wall, but The Prandtl number or wall emissivity variations affect the conduction heat flux. Consequently the total heat flux from the wall are affected by the Prandtl number or wall emissivity variation.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.907-928
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• 2015

We show in many cases that the Siegel-Ramachandra invariants generate the ray class fields over imaginary quadratic fields. As its application we revisit the class number one problem done by Heegner and Stark, and present a new proof by making use of inequality argument together with Shimura's reciprocity law.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.251-255
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• 1997

유로퓸의 조성을 2~33% $Eu_2O_3$ 범위에서 변화시키면서 제조한 붕규산유리 매질에서의 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온에 대한 형광 및 형광붕괴시간을 측정하였다. 붕규산유리 매질 내에서 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 형광은 $f^b$ 전자구조내의 SL 결합에 의해 이루어진 준위간의 $5D0{\rightarrow}7FJ$(J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) 전이들이고, 스펙트럼에서 양자수 J에 따른 Stark 부준위의 수로부터 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온 주변결정장의 대칭성 위수가 $n{\leq}2$ 인 낮은 대칭성을 갖고 있음을 알았다. 붕규산유리 매질 내의 음이온성 산소와 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 상대적 비에 따라 형광수명들의 종류 및 분률이 달라졌으며, 이로부터 붕규산유리 매질 내의 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온에 대한 주변의 결합조건을 추정하였다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.201-204
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• 1992

After this discovery of lower bounds by Stark and Odlyzko, some people searched for number fields with relatively small discriminants. Also some others studied algorithms which will produce number fields with the smallest absolute value of the discriminant for a fixed degree n. However, this algorithmic approach does not work well if the extension degree n is greater than seven or eight. And it is not clear whether current computers can finish those algorithms in a reasonable amount of time for large n. So we are justified in our approach for this subject. In this paper we will report the results of our computations. Some number fields we found are better than previously known examples. Others are rediscoveries of known examples. However, there is theoretically nothing new in our approach to this subject.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2017

The scope of this work is to determine and compare the effect of electron temperature ($T_e$) and number density ($N_e$) on the yield rate and concentration of reactive chemical species ($^{\bullet}OH$, $H_2O_2$ and $O_3$) in an argon, air and oxygen injected negative DC (0-4 kV) capillary discharge with water flow(0.1 L/min). The discharge was created between tungsten pin-to pin electrodes (${\Phi}=0.5mm$) separated by a variable distance (1-2 mm) in a quartz capillary tube (2 mm inner diameter, 4 mm outer diameter), with various gas injection rates (100-800 sccm). Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the hydrogen Balmer lines was carried out to investigate the line shapes and intensities as functions of the discharge parameters such as the type of gas, gas injection rate and inter electrode gap distances. The intensity ratio method was used to calculate $T_e$ and Stark broadening of Balmer ${\beta}$ lines was adopted to determine $N_e$. The effects of $T_e$ and $N_e$ on the reactive chemical species formation were evaluated and presented. The enhancement in yield rate of reactive chemical species was revealed at the higher electron temperature, higher gas injection rates, higher discharge power and larger inter-electrode gap. The discharge with oxygen injection was the most effective one for increasing the reactive chemical species concentration. The formation of reactive chemical species was shown more directly related to $T_e$ than $N_e$ in a flowing water gas injected negative DC capillary discharge.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2024

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique has been used for the elemental composition of the soils. In this technique, a high energy laser pulse is focused on a sample to produce plasma. From the spectroscopic analysis of such plasma plume, we have determined the different elements present in the soil. This technique is effective and rapid for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all type of samples. In this work a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating with its fundamental mode (1064 nm laser wavelength), 5 nanosecond pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition rate was focused on soil samples using 10 cm quartz lens. The emission spectra of soil consist of Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Barium (Ba), Vanadium (V), Lead (Pb), Nitrogen (N), Scandium (Sc), Hydrogen (H), Strontium (Sr), and Lithium (Li) with different finger-prints of the transition lines. The maximum intensity of the transition lines was observed close to the surface of the sample and it was decreased along the axial direction of the plasma expansion due to the thermalization and the recombination process. We have also determined the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and the electron number density of the plasma using Boltzmann's plot method as well as the Stark broadening of the transition lines respectively. The electron temperature is estimated at 14611 °K, whereas the electron number density i.e. 4.1 × 10¹⁶ cm^-3 lies close to the surface.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.960-969
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• 2012

무등산도립공원 주요 거점의 시간대별 탐방객 이동패턴을 파악하여 관리방안을 제안하기 위해 증심사지구, 원효사지구, 중머리재 등 주요 지점에서 계절별로 3일씩, 오전 7시부터 오후 7시까지 출입하는 탐방객 수를 조사하였다. 조사결과 무등산도립공원 주요 출입구인 증심사지구와 원효사지구에서는 대부분 오전 9시부터 오후 2시 사이에 입장하였고, 오전 10시에서 11시 사이에 입장객 수가 가장 많았다. 퇴장시간은 대부분 오전 12시부터 오후 5시 사이였으며, 피크시간은 오후 2시부터 4시 사이었다. 중머리재를 방문하는 탐방객들은 대부분 오전 11시에서 오후 3시 사이에 중머리재를 경유하여 장불재나 중봉방향으로 등산하거나 증심사지구나 원효사지구로 하산하였는데 오전 11시부터 오후 1시까지가 피크시간 이였다. 한편, 요일과 계절에 따른 시간대별 이동 패턴에는 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 공원자원 보전과 탐방만족도 증진을 위해서 탐방객이 집중되는 장소와 시간을 중심으로 탐방안내, 캠페인, 훼손지복원 등 집중관리가 필요하다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2010

In this paper, a tradeoff between the total energy consumption-per-bit and the end-to-end rate under spatial reuse in wireless multi-hop network is developed and analyzed. The end-to-end rate of the network is the number of information bits transmitted (end-to-end) per channel use by any node in the network that is forwarding the data. In order to increase the bandwidth efficiency, spatial reuse is considered whereby simultaneous relay transmissions are allowed provided there is a minimum separation between such transmitters. The total energy consumption-per-bit includes the energy transmitted and the energy consumed by the receiver to process (demodulate and decoder) the received signal. The total energy consumption-per-bit is normalized by the distance between a source-destination pair in order to be consistent with a direct (single-hop) communication network. Lower bounds on this energy-bandwidth tradeoff are analyzed using convex optimization methods. For a given location of relays, it is shown that the total energy consumption-per-bit is minimized by optimally selecting the end-to-end rate. It is also demonstrated that spatial reuse can improve the bandwidth efficiency for a given total energy consumption-per-bit. However, at the rate that minimizes the total energy consumption-per-bit, spatial reuse does not provide lower energy consumption-per-bit compared to the case without spatial reuse. This is because spatial reuse requires more receiver energy consumption at a given end-to-end rate. Such degraded energy efficiency can be compensated by varying the minimum separation of hops between simultaneous transmitters. In the case of equi-spaced relays, analytical results for the energy-bandwidth tradeoff are provided and it is shown that the minimum energy consumption-per-bit decreases linearly with the end-to-end distance.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.313-314
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• 2009

To project military power, the paradigm of the modern warship aquisition has evolved with more large platform and high-technology equipment. For example, the Aegis combat system equipped warship is one of the most advanced and capable defense systems currently in use. Concurrently, if the warship attacked and disabled, it may worse the asymmetry of the battle field and it also depress the morale of the fleet. For that reason, to keep and protect few number of the big and high technology equipped warship from enemy is very important. At the present, the performance of unit weapon has enhanced remarkably. A Korean-built SS-209 class submarine, Lee Chun-ham, participated in Naval Exercise Tandem Thrust conducted in 1999, sink the target ship ex-USS Oklahoma by a single torpedo. USS Stark was struck on May 17, 1987, by two Exocet anti ship missiles and disabled. For this reason, susceptibility should be prior to vulnerability and recoverability. In this paper, deception ship which is small and chief but has very similar signatures to large and high technology equiped warship has conceptually studied by using systems engineering approach. And it may be a effective way to enhance the susceptibility of the key fighting power.