• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.103-104
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to specify an erection process for each member of the PC staircase. For this purpose, field work was investigated at the LH PC apartment building site and classified in detail through unit work analysis inspection. The results of this study are intended to be used as basic data for creating work sequences and related guidelines for LH's PC staircase.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the consequence of resistance strengthening exercise on the hip flexor and extensor performed to improve functional mobility in stroke patients more than six months post stroke. Seventeen patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy for six weeks. In addition, the experimental group performed eccentric resistance strengthening exercise in the hip flexor and extensor using an isokinetic dynamometer. The hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, timed get up and go (TUG), 10 m gait velocity, and functional reach were repeatedly measured at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks after treatment. The results were as follows: 1. The experimental group improved more remarkably in the hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and the 10 m gait velocity after three weeks and six weeks of treatment (p<.05), 2. The control group improved significantly in the hip flexor and extensor strength, and 10 m gait velocity after three weeks of treatment (p<.05), 3. At each three and six week point, the experimental group made greater gains in hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and 10 m gait velocity than the control group (p<.05). In conclusion, it is desirable to perform resistance strengthening exercises combined with conventional physical therapy to improve functional mobility in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

The mechanical system of wearable walking assist robot needs to be optimized for adapting with human body structure and the planned control algorithm should have a secure procedure when a incongruity situation which can cause musculoskeletal injury occurs because a wearable robot is attached to a body. The understanding of walking or musculoskeletal motions characteristics must be preceeded and analyzed for developing novel wearable walking assist robot. In this study we tried to find out the capacities of powers and torques of joint actuators to design optimized performances of system and to obtain the analysis data to figure out the characteristics of joint movements during some types of walk. The major types of walk and motion are stair climbing and descending, sit-to-stand motion, and slope walking. In this study all these motions were analyzed experimentally except slope walking.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

We present simulation results on DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT having stair-type gate electrodes, in comparison with those of the conventional single gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and field-plate enhanced AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. In order to reduce the internal electric field near the gate electrode of conventional HEMT and thereby to increase their DC characteristics, we applied three-layered stacking electrode schemes to the standard AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure. As a result, we found that the internal electric field was decreased by 70% at the same drain bias condition and the transconductance (gm) was improved by 11.4% for the proposed stair-type gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT, compared with those of the conventional single gate and field-plate enhanced AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.140-154
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• 1996

In this study, displacement, deformation, and stability according to change of cohesion and internal friction angle were investigated through elasto-plastic method, finite-element method, and in-site experiment when excavating soft ground using sheet pile. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The horizontal displacement was 5.5% of the excavation depth by the elasto-plastic method and 3.9% of the excavation depth by the on-site experiment at the final excavation depth(GL-8.Om) on the condition of double stair strut after excavating GL-6.Om. 2. Relationships between cohesion(c) and internal friction angle $({\varphi})$ when safety factor to the penetration depth was 1.2 is shown in the following equations : (a) c= -O.0086$({\varphi})$+ O.3(D=3m) and (b) c=-0.00933$({\varphi})$+0.14(D=4m). 3. The results of elasto-plastic method and the experiment show that possible excavation depth was GL-6.Om after setting single stair strut in a short period in terms of possibility of carrying out on the condition of experimental site on the contrary general reinforcement method, setting double stair strut after excavating GL-4.0m. 4. After setting the strut, distribution of the horizontal displacement had concentrated on the excavation base and possible local failure which the shear strain caused decreased by the strut reinforced. 5. After setting strut, displacement of sheet pile was decreased by half, the limit of stable excavation depth of ground was GL-8.Om, and the maximum horizontal displacement at the GL-8.Om was 1.6% of excavation depth by the elasto-plastic method, 0.7% of excavation depth by the finite-element method.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the steps height on the joint moment of lower extremity in stair-descent activity of elderly persons. Data were collected by 3-D cinematography and force platform. 9 male elderly subjects in the 60s and 70s participated in this study. All subjects performed a stair-descent in four different heights of stairs (10, 14, 18, 22cm) having 5 step staircase. The results were as follows. 1. For the step height of 22cm the maximum. plantarflexion moment was the smallest and the largest for the step height of 14cm. 2. There was not a statistical difference shown for the extension moment of the knee joint for the different height of steps. 3. There was not a statistical difference shown for the flexion moment of the hip joint for the varying height of steps but on average for the 18cm step this increased rapidly. 4. The smallest maximum. value for inversion moment was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 5. The smallest maximum. value for abduction moment of the hip joint was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 6. There was no significant difference shown for the maximum. abduction moment for the hip joint. The main conclusion is that there is a huge difference in the moment of the lower extremities for the elderly while walking down a stairs with a step height above 18 cm and that this moment increased or decreased rapidly under a condition of step height being 22cm. With the results from this research and related research of elderly walking upstairs it can be shown that the step height has a large role in the safety for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of balance ability improvement exercise program which applied to the elderly people for increasing balance, stability and range of motion. Ten elderly people and ten university students were recruited as the subjects. Kinematic data were collected by seven real-time infrared cameras while subjects walk stair descent as a pre-test. Korean folk dance exercise program was applied to the elderly for 12 weeks. Same experiment on stair descent walk was performed as post-test. Results indicated that CM movement and selected joint angle patterns of elderly group after treatment changed to the similar patterns of young group. However, ankle joint angle and vertical GRF of elderly group after treatment also increased compared to those of the elderly group before treatment. This might be explained by the fact that elderly used a different walking strategy which maximize support base for increasing stability. Overall, these results indicated that the exercise treatment may affect to adapt and improve the gait pattern of stair descent of elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.539-549
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the moving fitness and slit length of tight skirt in relation to its length & silhouette. Five kinds of length, micro mini, mini, natural line, medi and maxi, and two kinds of siihuette, slim & straight-a total of ten tight skirts-were investigated. Ten college students were chosen for this experiment. The moving fitness was tested by measuring the step length, step width and step angle in the case of walking on the flat and going up the stairway & bus stair. The slit length was tested by measuring the back slit length needed in the case of going up stairway & bus stair. Data were analyzed with use of SAS pakage. The statistics were based on average, standard diviation, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results were as follows. 1. There was significant difference in the moving fitness according to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The moving fitness of slim type was lower than that of straight type and the longer the skirt length was, the lower the moving fitness was. The significance appeared particularly in the case of going up the bus stair. 2. There was significant difference in the skirt length obove slit accorting to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The skirt length obove slit of slim type was shorter than that of straight type. The longer skirt length was, the longer it was from micro mini to natural line, that of medi skirt was shorter or a little longer than that of natural line skirt and there was little change from medi skirt to maxi skirt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.453-462
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• 2003

The pantyhose is a close-fitting garment, and consumers are highly sensitive to any progress made in fitting the garment to their lower body and increasing comfort. However, the pantyhose manufactured in Korea are only one-sized. The purpose of this study is to suggest a sizing system for pantyhose. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As a results of questions regarding the sizing system of pantyhose, 88.2% of people who responded to our questionnaire preferred multi-sized pantyhose. In particular, larger women opposed to thin women expressed some dissatisfaction in the length and the width of the pantyhose. In addition, most of women preferred an indication of the sizing system and the body size of the control dimension (body mass and height). 2. The 13 species of pantyhose that were manufactured abroad are of all sizes, and only one type of pantyhose is one-sized. However, most domestic pantyhose except one, are one-sized. 3. As a result of the experiment, the spandex content in pantyhose was approximately 12∼18%. Moreover, the elongation rate was approximately 200-370%, which differed according to the features of the material. The stretch size of the pantyhose had varies greatly, add has not yet been standardized. 4. The methods for indicating the pantyhose size in this study are the square method and the stair method. The characteristics of the square method are simple, but the coverage is relatively low. The characteristic of the stair method are so complicated that older women have a low preference for this method. However, the coverage rate is high.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of postural correction training on pulmonary function on 28 college students suspected of turtle neck syndrome, and the following conclusions were obtained. Methods : Turtle neck syndrome suspicion 28 person were randomly divided into a posture training group (n = 14) and group that does not perform posture training (n = 14). Respiratory function was measured by SPIROVIT SP-1 and respiratory gas analyzer. The posture training group performed balloon blowing and stair climbing after 20 minutes of posture training, and the group without posture training carried out balloon blowing training and stair climbing. Five times a week and for two weeks. Results : 1. The comparison of the FVC before and after experiments caused by balloon blowing showed a higher level of effortful pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 2. Comparison of PEFs before and after the experiment by balloon blowing showed that the experimental group's peak flow rate was higher than that of the control group. 3. Comparison of the FIVC before and after experiments with balloon blowing showed that the comparison of the FIVC showed a higher level of effortless intake pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 4. The comparison of the maximum ventilation volume(VE) before and after the experimental gas measurement showed that the maximum ventilation rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. 5. The comparison of pre-test and post-test heart rate(HR) by breath gas measurement showed that the heart rate of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. Conclusion : the results of this study showed that postural correction training, balloon blowing training, and stair climbing could have a positive impact on improving pulmonary function. However, the two-week experiment conducted five times a week showed an increase in pulmonary function, but it was difficult to see the effect due to the short study period. Therefore, it is hoped that later studies will be conducted more systematically on the effects of breathing exercises on improving pulmonary function after post-postural correction training for patients with pulmonary function problems.