• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2005

Cigarette smoking has been known to have a few beneficial effects on some neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD), Parkinson's disease(PD) and prion disease by scrapie agent shows many similar properties with AD. In this respect, we investigated what biological effects are exerted by cigarette smoke exposure(CSE) in the brain of mouse infected by 87V scrapie. The scrapie agent was inoculated through stereotaxic microinjection of the homogenates of the scrapie agent infected brain into the intracerebral system in the 1M mice. The inoculation into mice typically exhibits neurochemical, physiological and histopathological characteristics of prion disease: loss of neurotransmitters and induction of astrocytosis and vacuolation in brain as well as reduction of spatial movement and loss of body weight. CSE led to alleviated the loss of body weight and also improved spatial movement of the infected mice. Most interestingly, CSE attenuated astrocytosis and vacuolation caused by scrapie infection in the brain. In addition, decreased levels of dopamine in striatal and hypothalamic regions as well as serotonin level in hippocampus caused by scrapie infection were also attenuated by exposure to cigarette smoke. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke, by its inhibition of astrocytosis and vacuolation followed by its restoration of levels of some neurotransmitters, may partly contribute to suppression in the progress of neurodegeneration caused by scrapie infection.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2010

Some context is characterized by a single event in computing environment, but many other contexts are determined by a lot of things which occur with a space and a time. The Realtime Sensor Network context-awareness service that interacts with the physical space can have property such as time. A methodology that is specified the relationship between the contexts and the service needs to be developed to Realtime context-awareness deal with spatio-temporal. In this paper, we propose an approach which should include spatio-temporal property in the context model, and verify its effectiveness using enhanced Petri-Net. The context-awareness service modeling of Realtime Sensor Network is discussed the properties of model such as basic Petri-Net, patterned Petri-Net, or Spatio-temporal Petri-Net. The proposed methodology demonstrated using an example that is SAEMANGUEM warming watching system. The use of Spatio-temporal Petri-Net will contribute not only to develop the application but also to model the spatio-temporal context awareness.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

In this paper, we suggest an automatic technique to obtain 3-D road information in complex urban areas using road pavement markings. This method is composed of following three main steps. The first step is extracting the pavement markings from aerial images, the second one is matching the same pavement markings in two aerial images, and the last one is obtaining the 3-D coordinates of those using EOP(exterior orientation parameters) of aerial images. Here, we focus on the first and second step because the last step can be performed by using the well hewn collinearity condition equation. We used geometric properties and spatial relationships of the pavement markings to extract the lane line markings on the images and extracted arrow lane markings additionally using template matching. And then, we obtained 3-D coordinates of the road using relational matching for the pavement markings. In order to evaluate the accuracy of extraction, we did a visual inspection and compared the result of this technique with those measured by digital photogrammetric system.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2003

Slope disaster is one of the repeated occurring geological disasters in rainy season resulting in about 23 human losses in Korea every year. The slope disaster, however, mainly depends on the spatial and climate properties. such as geology, geomorphology, and heavy rainfall, and, hence, the prediction or hazard analysis of the slope disaster is a difficult task. Therefore, GIS and various statistical methods are implemented for slope disaster analysis. In particular, GIS technique is widely used for the analysis because it effectively handles large amount of spatial data. The GIS technique. however, only considers the statistics between slope disaster occurrence and related factors, not the mechanism. Accordingly. an infinite slope model that mechanically considers the balance of forces applied to the slope is suggested here with GIS for slope disaster analysis. According to the research results, the infinite slope model has a possibility that can be utilized for landslide prediction and hazard evaluation since 87.5％ of landslide occurrence areas have been predicted by this technique.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.9A
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• pp.767-775
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a new multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel modeling method for mobile-to-mobile (M2M) communications based on IEEE 802.16n. To reflect the mobilities at the transmitter and the receiver, we propose a new channel model by invoking the geometrical two-ring scattering model and modifying the conventional IEEE 802.16m fixed-to-mobile (F2M) channel model considering M2M communication environments. Through computer simulations, we analyze the statistical properties of proposed channel model in terms of the time correlation and the spatial correlation. Finally, the performance of the system using the proposed M2M channel model is compared with that using the conventional 802.16m F2M channel model by link level simulations.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

The void distribution in concrete materials strongly affects its material properties. Therefore, the identification of spatial distribution of void is important to understand and estimate material behavior. To examine and quantify the void distribution inside lightweight aggregates, CT(computed tomography) image is used. 3D lightweight aggregate images are generated by stacking of cross-sectional images from CT. Spatial distribution of void of aggregate along the direction is visualized on the sphere using probability distribution function. Stiffness of lightweight aggregate for the directions is also examined. It is confirmed that direction-based probability distribution and stiffness from CT images are effective in characterizing void distributions of aggregates.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

In this paper, it is covered in detail the process of generating structural alternatives with geometry change and its optimization by StrAuto. The main roof structure of the Exhibition Center is modelled parametrically and the optimal alt is derived by observing volume changes according to geometry change of main roof truss. Existing studies performed optimization process through sections and properties due to the limitations of shape change, but this study have meaning of performing the optimization with geometry changes which is the most critical skills of StrAuto. By the process of securing a sufficient margin by geometry changes and reducing volume with the optimization of sections, despite of a partial optimization of large space structure, it could be reduced by 11.7% of the total volume.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 1994

Raster data mode and Vector data are the two major model in geographic information systems. These two data models are difficult to be intergrated because of their differences in structures and properties. Almost all of the current GIS systems process in one data model by converting one data type to another type. So. the loss and change of information caused by data conversiion degrades the accuracy of data. In this paper, we propose a new data model which can process two data models without conversion. We use quadtree for raster data and topological vector model for vector data. The output is formed as raster data model of quadtree. We can get more accurate overay output, and this intergrated model is more suitable for data like forest, landuses, soils that consist of classes which have small distribution changes.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

Gangwon-do has been suffering extensive landslide dam age, because its geography consists mainly of mountains. Analyzing the related factors is crucial for landslide prediction. We digitized the landslide and non-landslide spots on an aerial photo obtained right after a disaster in Inje, Gangwon-do. Three landslide factors-topographic, forest type, and soil factors-w ere statistically analyzed through GIS overlap analysis between topographic map, forest type map, and soil map. The analysis showed that landslides occurred mainly between the inclination of $20^{\circ}$ and $35^{\circ}$, and needleleaf tree area is more vulnerable to a landslide. About soil properties, an area with shallow effective soil depth and parent material of acidic rock has a greater chance of landslide.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2003

Shihwa tidal freshwater marsh was constructed recently to treat pollutants entering Shihwa lake. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metal accumulation in soils of Shihwa marsh and sought correlations between several soil variables (pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and acid ammonium oxalate-extractable Fe and Al contents) and the heavy metal concentration of soils. Surface soil samples (0∼20 cm) were collected in June 2000, November 2000, and July 2001, and were analyzed for heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, As, and Hg) and soil chemical properties. The neutral pH and water-saturated conditions of Shihwa marsh appeared to favor immobilization of heavy metal through adsorption onto soils. The concentrations of heavy metal (especially Zn, Cu, and Cr) in soils of Shihwa marsh increased along the sampling occasions, suggesting that soils of Shihwa marsh serve as a sink of heavy metal. Among the sub-marshes, metal concentrations were highest in Banweol high marshes and lowest in Samhwa marshes. The temporal and spatial variations in the heavy metal concentrations of soils were correlated positively with organic matter and oxalate extractable Fe and Al contents, but negatively with electrical conductivity. These results suggest that organic matter and hydrous oxide of Fe/Al may playa key role in removing heavy metals in soils of Shihwa marsh, and that heavy metal removing capacity would increase with desalinization. However, the removal patterns of heavy metal by reeds warrant further studies to evaluate the total removal capacity of heavy metals by Shihwa marsh.