• 제목/요약/키워드: Soil components

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수량구성요소(收量構成要素)를 위(爲)한 표본수(標本數)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究) (제(第)1보(報)) (A Study on the Number of Sample Units for Yield Components (I))

  • 오왕근;장수환;이희철
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.75-78
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    • 1969
  • 1967년(年) 및 1968년도(年度)에 얻은 성적(成績)을 이용(利用)하여 주당(株當) 수수조사(數穗調査)에 필요(必要)한 표본수(標本數)를 계산(計算)한 바 타도(他道)에 비(比)하여 표본오차(標本誤差)가 큰 강원도(江原道)와 전라남도(全羅南道)에서 더 많은 표본(標本)을 취(取)하여야 하는것으로 생각된다. 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)를 위(爲)한 표본수(標本數)는 위도(緯度)에 따라 다른 것이 아니라 도내(道內)에서의 이들 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)의 변이성(變異性)에 따라 좌우(左右)된다고 보며 5%의 표본(標本)을 취(取)함으로서 약(約) 75% 내지(乃至) 85%의 상대적(相對的) 정보(情報)를 얻을수 있다고 생각된다.

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돈분뇨의 토양처리시 이온 성분의 용탈 특성 (Leaching of lonic Components from the Soil Applied with Swine Slurry)

  • 김태헌;류성필;김성수;오윤근;허철구
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.325-335
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    • 2003
  • An agricultural land application of swine slurry is one of the best management practices in Jeju island whose ground water must be protected. So as to study the effect of appling swine slurry on ground water or aquifer, incubation-leaching technique was used by assuming the incubating period of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 days, and application rate of 3200.0 mgT-N/$\ell$ , 820.0 mgT-P/$\ell$, and 1887.0 mgK$\^$+/$\ell$ in swine slurry. The leachates were collected from the soil columns(PVC 30 cm L${\times}$5.5 cm D) packed 15cm in depth with Gangjeong soil series by washing with 100 mL distilled water. The leached components were measured by using ion chromatography far Cl$\^$-/, NO$_3$-N, F$\^$-/, Br$\^$-/, Na$\^$+/, K$\^$+/, Ca$^2$$\^$+/, and Mg$^2$$\^$+/ , atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Fe and Mn, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry for T-N and T-p. Application of swine slurry in naked soil could influence on the ground water or aquifer by increasing nitrate-nitrogen in leachate with time, or leaching the cations present in soils in accompany with anions because of H$\^$+/produced in nitrification. Therefore, careful consideration should be taken about what amount, when, where, and how fur protecting ground water system.

토양환경, 재배방법 및 기상요인이 황색종 잎담배 화학성분에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Soil Factors, Cultural Practices and Climatic Conditions on Some Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco)

  • 정기택;김상범;조수헌;복진영;이종률
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil, cultural practices and climatic conditions on some chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco. Increasing the nicotine and total nitrogen contents may be useful to reduce the total sugar content of cured leaves in flue-cured tobacco. Delaying the transplanting date and increasing the soil nitrogen($N0_3-N$ and $N0_4-N$) content for 30 days after transplanting by fertilizing are desirable so as to increase the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of cured leaves. Those treatments will delay the ripeness, and elongate the duration of cultivation(day from transplanting to harvesting), and increase the fresh leaf weight. Moderate rainfall in April and May, lower relative humidity in June, and higher mean daily air temperature in June and July seem to be necessary for good leaf of flue-cured tobacco in Korea.

Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on Yield of Young Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)

  • 김경제;김수정
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.103-117
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    • 2001
  • This study was inducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the fields of young radish(Raphanus sativus L.), chemical components of plant and soil, and the microbial floras. Six microbial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, BIO Livestock Clean System(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi were used. The yields of young radish were increased in six microbial fertilizer treatments. The fresh matter weight, the number of leaves, and the dry matter weight of young radish in BLCS cattle dropping treatment, the leaf length in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the sugar content in Husk+Palma treatment, arid the leaf width in Tomi treatment showed the highest amount, respectively. The effects of microbial fertilizers on chemical characteristics of young radish and soil were examined. Phosphoric acid amount of young radish in Tomi treatment was much higher than other treatments. Potassium amount of young radish showed high significance in all microbial fertilizer treatments compared with control, and shoved the highest in Compost treatment . Two components, phosphoric acid find potassium, in soil inoculated by microbial fertilizers showed significant. Phosphoric acid in the Tomi treatment and Potassium in Husk+Palma treatment were increased. The microorganic populations in soil inoculated with microbial fertilizers were examined. While the number of Bacillus in ceil was increased in MPK+Husk+Palma treatment, the numbers of total bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were increased in Tomi treatment.

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Analysis of shallow footings rested on tensionless foundations using a mixed finite element model

  • Lezgy-Nazargah, M.;Mamazizi, A.;Khosravi, H.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제81권3호
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    • pp.379-394
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    • 2022
  • Shallow footings usually belonged to the category of thick plate structures. For accurate analysis of thick plates, the contribution of out-of-plane components of the stress tensor should be considered in the formulation. Most of the available shallow footing models are based on the classical plate theories, which usually neglect the effects of the out-of-plane stresses. In this study, a mixed-field plate finite element model (FEM) is developed for the analysis of shallow footings rested on soil foundations. In addition to displacement field variables, the out-of-plane components of the stress tensor are also assumed as a priori unknown variables. For modeling the interaction effect of the soil under and outside of the shallow footings, the modified Vlasov theory is used. The tensionless nature of the supporting soil foundation is taken into account by adopting an incremental, iterative procedure. The equality requirement of displacements at the interface between the shallow footing and soil is fulfilled using the penalty approach. For validation of the present mixed FEM, the obtained results are compared with the results of 3D FEM and previous results published in the literature. The comparisons show the present mixed FEM is an efficient and accurate tool for solving the problems of shallow footings rested on subsoil.

경사밭 감자(Solanum tuberosum L.) 재배 시 휴한기 호밀(Secale cereal L.) 재배에 따른 토양 특성 및 토양 보전 효과 (Cover Crop Effects of Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) on Soil Characteristics and Conservation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Slope Field)

  • 백계령;이정태
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제30권12호
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    • pp.1015-1025
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    • 2021
  • Our research work aimed to evaluate cover crop effects of winter rye on soil characteristics, soil conservation, and yield productivities on potato fields with 15% slope during a fallowed period. There were two controls of bared field without any cultivation and conventional potato cultivation without winter rye. Potato cultivation increased soil pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable cation regardless of cover crop cultivation. Sub-soil, particularly, all components of soil chemical properties showed higher value in winter rye cultivation than conventional cultivation. Higher soil density was observed on cover crop cultivation than conventional cultivation resulting from root residues of the cover crop both topsoil and subsoil. Cover crop residues positively affected plant growth and reduced the amount of soil erosion by holding the soil. Although severe soil erosion was seen in conventional cultivation, winter rye cultivation declined soil erosion by 47% during the fallow period on potato slope fields. Distinct soil bacterial communities were detected among treatments and some OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit)s showed significantly higher abundance in winter rye treatment. Total yield and commercial rate demonstrated no significant differences while higher tuber phosphate, K+, and Mg2+ contents were observed in winter rye cultivation.

친환경 토질개량제를 이용한 도로노반 건설공사에 관한 연구 (Construction of roadbed with environmental friendly soil amendment agent)

  • 고용국
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.417-421
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this paper is to study on the construction of roadbed with environmental friendly soil amendment agent. The special amendment agent used in this study is mainly composed of inorganic metal salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride,, thus is friendly to the environment, and has a function of soil-cement-agent solidification. Various components of this agent weaken the negative function of humic acid and decompose humic acid itself. Then, the calcium cation of the cement can now be made contact directly to the soil surface. The project of local road demonstration of roadbed construction with special soil treatment agent was peformed in Northeast Thailand on August 1999 by the sponsor of Highway Department of Thailand. A series of field experiments including unconfined compressive strength were carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of solidified roadbed treated by this solidifying agent. The results of this research showed that the roadbed using poor soil could be efficiently constructed by treatment of this amendment agent.

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준설토를 이용한 작물재배 시험연구 (Experimental Study on the Crop Cultivation Using Dredged Soil)

  • 손재권;최진규;구자웅
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.159-170
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    • 1998
  • This study was initiated to investigate the applicability of the dredged soil from agricultural reservoirs on the crop cultivation. Four reservoirs were selected for this experiment, and properties of the dredged soils were analyzed physically and chemically. Soil textures were sandy loam(SL), silty loam(SiL), gravelly loam(GL), graveHy silty loam(GSiL), respectively. General chemical components, organic matter contents, main cations, heavy metals, etc. showed no adverse effects on crop growth. Tomato, cucumber, radish, Chinese cabbage were cultivated during 8 months period, in the soil treated with fertilizer and compost(Tmt.1), fertilizer(Tmt.2), compost(Tmt.3) and none (Tmt.4). Data for plant height, root zone depth and crop yield were collected and analyzed, and the yield for most crops showed increase as Tmt.1 >Tmt.2>Tmt.3>Tmt.4 by fertilizing methods, and as GL>GSiL>SL>SiL by soil textures. From the results, the crop cultivation using dredged soil was considered to be effective, due to its soil texture, organic matter content and fertilization.

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점오염원 형태의 유류누출 사건에 의한 실트질 토양층에서 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 오염도 연구 (The Contamination Characteristics of BTEX and TPH Components in Silty Soils with the Oil Leakage Event from Point Source)

  • 강동환;정상용;고동호
    • 지질공학
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.393-402
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 점오염원 형태의 유류누출이 발생되었던 실트질 토양층에서 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 오염특성이 연구되었다. TPH 성분의 토양오염기준별 초과율은 BTEX 성분에 비해 $1.5{\sim}1.7$ 배정도 높았다. BTEX와 TPH 성분의 채취지점별 평균과 최대값은 B-zone>A-zone>C-zone의 순이며, 두 성분 모두 지표면하 $1{\sim}2m$구간에서 오염농도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 오염원에서 수리경사 하부 방향으로 120m와 80m 이내인 지역에서는 BTEX와 TPH 농도가 이격거리에 따라 증가하였으며, 120 m 이상 이격된 지역에서는 토양오염기순 이하인 것으로 나타났다. BTEX와 TPH 성분에 대한 지시크리깅의 제한값으로는 토양오염 확인기준, 우려기준 및 대책기준 값이 적용되었다. 지시변환된 자료의 베리오그램 분석에 의하면, BTEX와 TPH성분 모두 선형모델이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 선형모델을 적용한 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 확률도에서 토양오염 확인기준과 우려기준의 오염 범위는 유사하게 나타났으나, 대책기준의 오염 범위는 매우 축소되었다. 토양오염 확인기준, 우려기준 및 대책기준에 의해 작성된 확률도에서 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 최대 오염 확률은 BTEX성분이 26%, 26% 및 13%, TPH 성분은 44%, 38% 및 26%인 것으로 추정되었다.

시설재배지 토양의 화학적 특성변화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자 선발 (Determination of Main Indicator for the Changes of Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Soils)

  • 윤영은;김장환;김송엽;임종욱;공명석;이영한;이용복
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.355-358
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    • 2015
  • BACKGROUND: Changes in Korea's agricultural soil properties were analyzed at a four-year interval from 1999 to 2002 on a national scale and used as basis for the determination of the appropriate agricultural policy on maintaining food safety and soil quality. The scope of this study ideally requires sampling thousands of paddy, greenhouse, upland and orchard land across the country, however, due to limitations in economic and manpower resources, it was deemed necessary to reduce sampling site to greenhouse soil. In this study, we try to investigate the applicability of cultivated crops as criteria for selecting representing fields in greenhouse soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples were collected from red pepper, oriental melon, watermelon and strawberry cultivated soil. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on soil chemical properties of the selected fields: pH, electron conductivity (EC), available phosphate (Av-P2O5), organic matter (OM), and exchangeable cation (Ex.-K, Ca, and Mg). Soil chemical properties of oriental melon cultivated soil was separated from red pepper, watermelon, and strawberry cultivated soil on PC1 and red pepper cultivated soil was separated from watermelon cultivated soil on PC2. Position on PC1 was strongly correlated with pH, Ex.-Ca and Ex.-Mg and position on PC2 was strongly correlated with OM and Av-P2O5.CONCLUSION: The soil chemical properties of greenhouse soil was assorted amongst the different crops. Therefore, the cultivated crops as a criteria for the selection of representative field in greenhouse soil would be used in the future.