• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.415-433
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to investigate Korean parents' perception on nature versus nurture and to examine the dualism in the mechanism of human development. For this goal, the present study used the Korean proverbs about child development and education as a measurement scale for developmental values. This study 1) examined the degree of agreement on the proverbs, 2) analysed the differences in the degree of agreement as the subject's socio-demographic variables, and 3) compared agreement scores as the topic of proverbs. The participants of the study were 608 parents. As the first result, the agreement scores between nature and nurture proverbs were very similar, whereas the agreement score of the importance of education proverbs was relatively higher. Second, there were some differences in related socio-economic variables as the topic of proverbs. Especially, it was revealed that the participants had some different beliefs in the nurture as their age and in the importance of education as their sex. Third, there was no significant difference between the agreement scores of nature and nurture proverbs. From these results, it seems that the interactionism between nature and nurture is generally accepted by Korean parents, and child education is a very important belief.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.1 s.35
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in ${\ulcorner}$Design of Home Life${\lrcorner}$ unit of high school Home Economics. The purposes of this study was to analyze the effects of gender equity instruction on gender equity consciousness of high school students, and to raise gender equity consciousness of students. The summarized results of this study were as follows; 1. After experiment. gender equality consciousness of experimental group was higher than that of comparison group in all four areas, that is, home life, school life, vocational life and socio-cultural life. So there was statistically significant differences in gender equity consciousness between two groups. 2. The gender equity consciousness of the experimental group was higher In post-test than pre-test, so there was statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the comparison group. 3. After experiment, the change-rate of the gender equality consciousness In the experimental group was higher than that of in the comparison group, so there was statistically significant differences between two groups in the change-rate. As results of this study, in the ${\ulcorner}$Design of Home Life${\lrcorner}$ unit of high school Home Economics, it was proved that the gender equity class was effective on raising the gender equality consciousness of high school students in all four areas of home life, school life, vocational life and socio-cultural life.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2009

Since 1990, identifying the sex of fetus and illegal abortion has brought the sex ratio imbalance at birth in Korea due to a notion of preferring a son to a daughter, socio-economic development, population policy, and so forth. Although there have been many researches such as time series analysis and region difference analysis to monitor this sex ratio imbalance, they have a defect that time and space could not be included in the analysis simultaneously. This study analyzes the sex ratio imbalance at birth, taking into account time and region at the same time. The analysis considered the numbers of male and female babies, who were born as the third or latter in their families, in 2000 and 2001 at 234 Gu / Si / Goon administrative districts. Here, we suggest a mixture model of binomial distributions, assuming heterogeneous populations. The estimation of the location parameters, weights and correlation coefficient of the mixture model is conducted by the EM algorithm, and the heterogeneity of the regions is expressed as a picture using ArcView GIS.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to examine the spouse effects on depressive symptom and suicidal thinking among the elderly aged 65 and over in Korea. The subjects selected from the database of the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES IV) conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2009. Those who were female, older, lower educated, or poorer were more likely to live alone than their counterparts respectively. The elderly living alone experienced depressive symptom as 2.0 times(OR=2.004, 95% CI=1.433, 2.803) as, and suicidal thinking as 1.6 times(OR=1.567, 95% CI=1.111, 2.211) as the elderly couples did, adjusting for socio-economic factor, health status factors, and health behaviors factors. As for the male subgroup, the elderly living alone experienced depressive symptom as 4.0 times(OR=3.997, 95% CI=2.066, 7.732) as, and suicidal thinking as 3.2 times(OR=3.181, 95% CI=1.535, 6.592) as the elderly couples did. On the other hands, there was no significant difference in depressive symptoms and suicidal thinking between the female elderly living alone and couples. The authors suggested policy interventions to promote the mental health of the male elderly living alone.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.297-317
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• 2004

As many precedent studies have shown, most children grow receiving influence from their parents. The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for better preventive approach by finding out the relationship between the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) of elementary school children and maternal behavior characteristics. Moreover, the purpose of this study was to present basic materials for developing program of children and create good relationship between child and parents for better education. For the purposes, two hypotheses were posed. Hypothesis 1： There would be a significant disparity in maternal behavior between the ADHD group and the non-ADHD group. Hypothesis 2： The environment could have an influence on maternal behavior characteristics. The subjects in this study were 71 mothers who had children with ADHD and 69 mothers who had non-ADHD, who selected from mothers of third to sixth graders in elementary school in Kyonggi, Suwon. The instruments used for the diagnosis of ADHD was DSA-IV. The data were analyzed with ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) by SPSSWIN Program. The findings of this study were as fellows： First, Hypothesis 1 was accepted. The mothers who had ADHD children had rejective behavior characteristics in while the mothers group who had non-ADHD children had controling behavior characteristics but there was no significant difference in affectionate attitude and autonomic attitude. Second, hypothesis 2 was accepted generally. The psychological and physical environment had correlation with maternal behavior characteristics. Especially, there was a significant correlational relationship between the maternal satisfaction for their life and rejection of maternal behavior. The following conclusion could be made from the above mentioned findings. First, The maternal behavior characteristics resulted in severe ADHD for children which justified the need of proper education for mothers to care children wellbeing. Second, The environment of psychology had an influence on maternal behavior. This showed that it is essential to develope educational program and counselling system for mothers

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

Since the introduction of National Health Insurance(NHI) in 1977, it has grown rapidly and contributed to extend patient's access to the health care services. However, limited coverage for health care services of NHI has been ongoing challenge and private health insurance(PHI) has been rising as an alternative source of enhancing coverage and saving out-of-pocket(OOP) expenditure for patients. In this study, after controlling for socio-demographic, economic, health related variables, we identified the patients' healthcare utilization and subsequent OOP expenditure depending on their PHI enrollment and their enrollment types(fixed benefit, indemnity, fixed benefit plus indemnity). Data were collected from the 2010 Korean Health Panel. The unit of analysis was a member of household(n=13,324). Of the 13,324 cases, 70.7% of patients held PHI, in detail, fixed benefit(47.0%), indemnity(3.6%), fixed benefit plus indemnity(20.1%). Major findings showd that patients who enrolled in PHI used more outpatient services(outpatient visit, number of physician visit, number of examination) and spent more OOP expenditure than non-PHI patients. There were also differences of healthcare utilization and OOP expenditure among the types of PHI. In addition, PHI patients used more inpatient services(inpatient use, number of hospitalization, LOS), but there was no significant difference between PHI and non-PHI patients with regard to the OOP expenditure. Thus, we could not find any distinct relationship between the types of PHI and patients' tertiary hospital use. Policy-makers should need careful political deliberation for monitoring the effect of PHI on health care utilization and subsequent expenditure not only to improve patients' coverage but also to save their OOP expenditures.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.278-287
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• 1999

Women's health is directly related to economic and developmental level of their nations, and it is very much effected by socio-cultural factors which are related to gender discrimination. women's health needs have been oppressed and neglected in male-dominated society. For maintenance and promotion in women's health and improve of quality of life, the common idea of gender discrimination in our society and preference of having son rather than daughter from its certain from must be banished. Though the common idea of gender discrimination was a basic ideology in liberation of women, recently the aspect of difference rather than discrimination is an important matter and unique characteristics of women are strongly pointed and additionally harmonic living with men is getting to be a man idea in women's health. The social idea in gender discrimination was from christian culture in the western society and confucianism related the social norms of "Namzonyobe" (means men are honorable and women are low), "Samzongzido" (means women ought to obey certain three rules for the family), "Chilgeziak" (means seven wickedness of housewife) in this country, korea. Those ideas deprived women's ability in health management and in the decision making process for their health. Because of those cultural influences, still many pregnant women are experiencing artificial abortion when they know the fetus is a girl through ultrasound and amniocentesis. Nowadays there are many health problems of women in korea. The reasons are that Korea culture has complicatedly mixing with confucianism and western culture. Under the these cultural influences, change in value of beauty and trend of liberation in sexuality have brought out health problems, alcohol, smoking, and drug abuse in young women. In order to solve the women's health problem, first of all women have to come out of the passive manner of dependency on man. Also they should have the insight and the management and/or intervention ability of caring their health. It can be obtained through the family-society-nation wide approach as well as the approach for women themselves.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2017

Hand phones are standard paraphernalia among university students. Factors that motivate them to own the gadget would be of interest to both the students as well as marketers. Hand phone usage is an unexamined field in academic literature, this exploratory study attempts to investigate student purchasing motives in cellular phone markets. It also intends to know the student's satisfaction with the different services and its future impact on socio economic changes. In this study, undergraduates (n=336) were requested to specify their purchase criteria of hand phone. The instrument used in the study to collect feedback from the respondents contains a combination of open-ended and scaled questions, and some background demographics. The study employed content analysis, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests as the primary tools to analyze the responses. Results show that brand was rated as the most important factor in student purchase decisions. Other factors, arranged in decreasing order of importance comprise price, product quality, features, durability, availability, promotion, and post purchase service. Brand and price correlated significantly. It is also observed that there is very little difference regarding preference between brand and price in purchasing a hand phone. Marketers may formulate suitable strategies out of the findings to promote hand phones to university undergraduates in Malaysia by emphasizing at brands and price.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.198-212
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• 2001

This study was designed to compare the prevalence rate of obesity, food attitude, food frequency and food habits between children in Kangnung and Seoul areas. 1,005 children aged 9-12 were included in this study. They were composed of 343 children living in Kangnung from one elementary school, and 662 children in Seoul from two elementary schools. The body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of children were measured and food frequency scores of Korean and Western foods were examined by questionnaire. And questionnaires about food attitude, food habits and life style were administered to the mother of each child. There was no significant difference in body weight and obesity index among three groups(one school of Kangnung area and two schools of Seoul area). The male children\`s prevalence rates of obesity in Kangnung and two schools(A, B) of Seoul were 10.3%, 10.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Female children\`s prevalence rate were 5.4%, 4.7%, and 6.3%, respectively. Children in Seoul turned out to more frequently eat such Korean foods like pulkogi, kalbi and fried rice and such western foods like butter, margarine, hamburger, pizza, and fried chicken. Children in Seoul had more tendency to eat regularly and spent less time in sleeping and watching TV and more time in exercise than the respondents in Kangnung. The obesity index of parents had a significantly positive correlation with that of children. These results suggest that children in Seoul have tendency to eat high-energy food frequently and to have more energy expenditure than children in Kangnung. In conclusion, further studies on the evaluation of energy intake and energy expenditure of obese and normal children different in area should be conducted. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1) : 198∼212, 2001)

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.38
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• pp.147-182
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• 2007

This study conducted a comparison analysis on the difference in the subjectivity structure of Korean and Chinese consumers based on their types of perception on advertisements of automobiles which has a high degree of self interest. The primary reason for conducting a comparison study of Korean and Chinese consumers was to concretize the characteristics of Chinese consumers who have enormous potential and rapid growth in the global market. In addition, by comparing the characteristics of Korean and Chinese consumers that changed with differences in social systems and socio-economic characteristics, the purpose was to present an advertising strategy idea that is useful for both countries. Furthermore, when taking into consideration the reality that the world must compete in a single market commonly referred to as the global market, understanding the subjectivity structure of perception of Korean and Chinese consumers is critical in establishing a strategy for occupying the upper position of dominance in such competition. Based on the results of the study, subjectivity structures on the perception of advertisements possessed by Korean and Chinese consumers of the same Asian culture differed but were mutually interrelated. Such results suggest that there is a need for further studies of generalization and objectification through a quantitative approach.