• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between dance experience and smoothness of hand trajectory during dance by using three jerk-based quantitative methods (integrated squared jerk, mean squared jerk, and dimensionless jerk). Methods: Eleven Korean traditional dancers whose experience of dancing ranged from 5 years to 20 years participated in this study. Dancers performed the Taeguksun motion in Korea traditional dance. Six infrared cameras were used to capture the movement of the hands of the dancers. The smoothness of hand movement was calculated using three jerk-based methods. Results: With regard to the smoothness of the right hand, dance experience was significantly correlated with dimensionless jerk (r=0.656, p=0.028), while dance experience was not significantly correlated with integrated squared jerk (r=0.581, p=0.552) and mean squared jerk. With regard to the smoothness of the left hand, there was no correlation between dance experience and any of the three jerk values. Conclusion: Our results showed that individuals with more dance experience performed the task more smoothly. This study suggests that dimensionless jerk should be used as a predictor for smoothness in dance movement. Thus, our results support the idea that smoothness is an aspect of movement quantity distinct from speed and distance.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

We studied the relationship between the surface smoothness of the internal Cu ribbon and the morphology of the Sn-Pb plating layer for solar cell modules. A bumpy surface was observed on the surface of the solar ribbon, which caused irregular reflection of light. Large, Pb-rich, primary ${\alpha}$-phases were found below the convex surface of the solar ribbon, passing from the surface of the internal Cu ribbon to the surface of the plating layer. The primary ${\alpha}$-phases heterogeneously nucleated on the convex surface of the Cu ribbon, and then largely grew to the convex surface of the plating layer. The restriction of the primary ${\alpha}$-phase's formation was enabled by enhancing the smoothness of the Cu ribbon's surface; it was also possible to increase the adhesive strength and decrease contact resistance. We confirmed that the solar ribbon's surface smoothness depends on the internal Cu ribbon's surface smoothness.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2000

High accuracy Wavelet basis $\beta$ is constructed in [2]. We derive a condition for smoothness of the basis function $\beta$(x).

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.397-407
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• 2016

In this paper, the concepts of k-smoothness, k-very smoothness and k-strongly smoothness of Banach spaces are dealt with together briefly by introducing three types k-denting point regarding different topology of conjugate spaces of Banach spaces. In addition, the characterization of first type ${\omega}^*-k$ denting point is described by using the slice of closed unit ball of conjugate spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2011

The making of high leveled smoothness for the printed electronics base paper, wood pulp and sea algal pulp were mixed. If sea algal pulp contents is increased to 9%, the smoothness was moderately increased, and more effective in Softwood mixture than Hardwood, low freeness(high wetness) than high freeness(low wetness).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concrete flexural strength and surface smoothness, which were pay factors of concrete pavements, on pavement performance, and to develop the methodologies to determine the proper allowable ranges according to the magnitudes of those pay factors. The concrete flexural strength was analyzed using the AASHTO, power, and linear fatigue failure models, and the surface smoothness was analyzed for the roughness indices of PSI, IRI, and PrI using the AASHTO model. The analysis results showed that the allowable range of the flexural strength should be determined using the rate between the deficiency and strength, and the penalty should be linearly proportional to the strength deficiency rate because the linear relationship between the strength deficiency rate and the reduction in pavement life was observed. As the initial surface smoothness became better, the smoothness deficiency rate should be larger. The penalty due to the surface smoothness deficiency should also be linearly proportional to the smoothness deficiency rate.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

Oriental painting paper (Hwaseonji) was prepared from various kinds of plant fibers and its physical properties were investigated. The fibers used were classified into three different length of fibers; long fiber (<1.8 mm), medium fiber (1.4-1.8 mm) and short fiber (>1.4 mm). The fibers were mixed in the ratio of 15% long fiber, 25% medium fiber and 60% short fiber. The Hwaseonji prepared from mixing of the bamboo or rice straw pulp as a short fiber with the long and medium fibers showed excellent physical properties with a high smoothness and uniformity of Chinese ink blot. Mixing with LBKP as a short fiber was resulted in low physical properties, smoothness and wide ink blot. The properties of Hwaseonji, such as ink absorption, roughness and smoothness, may be predicted from the correlation of density with Chinese ink blot and smoothness.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1367-1376
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• 2018

In practice, the density function of a random variable X is always unknown. Even its smoothness parameter is unknown to us. In this paper, we will consider a density smoothness parameter estimation problem via wavelet theory. The smoothness parameter is defined in the sense of equivalent Besov norms. It is well-known that it is almost impossible to estimate this kind of parameter in general case. But it becomes possible when we add some conditions (to our proof, we can not remove them) to the density function. Besides, the density function contains impurities. It is covered by some additive noises, which is the key point we want to show in this paper.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2010

In this study, the profiles of optimized rehabilitated section was measured by a lightweight inertial profiler, and pavement smoothness was evaluated. To analyze the repeatability of the used lightweight profiler, two repeatable measurements were conducted. The agreement between two repeatable measurements were evaluated by Cross-correlation function. Pavement smoothness of the optimized rehabilitated pavement section and existing area was compared in terms of International Roughness Index and Profilograh Index. In general, the pavement smoothness of the rehabilitated sections was not good compared to the existing pavement sections. The analysis results could be used for the evaluation of pavement smoothness of the optimized rehabilitated pavement sections.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

This study assumed two key parameters that describe smoothness. Previously, the number of studies that defined smoothness with the concept of curvature has been limited. The parameters were the two physical characteristics of curvature: the number of waves and the amplitude of them. The purpose of the study was to observe which of the two parameters influences the perception of smoothness and to examine the relationship between the sense of aesthetic beauty and smoothness. The visual stimuli used in the study were transformed three-dimensional spheres, based on the combination of the three levels of the two parameters of nine distinct conditions. We analyzed the three responses that measured the preference of each visual stimuli, the familiarity score, and the smoothness evaluation score, each with the linear mixed model whose fixed effects were the two parameters and random effects were the participants' individual differences. Nearly the eighty percent of the variance of the smoothness evaluation score was explained by the linear model with the two key parameters and their interaction. The physical characteristics of a viewed object were far more significant than individual differences such as personality factors and the manner of art appreciation. In conclusion, the study examined the perception of smoothness based on the change of the physical characteristics of a shape. The study further recognized the relationship between smoothness and the aesthetic preference. No significant influence of the participants' individual difference such as gender, the degree in fine arts, personality factors, and the manner of art appreciation was observed. The amplitude of waves, rather than the number of them, was far more significant to the perception of smoothness.