Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society (한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지)

Korea Computer Graphics Society (한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Variables of Surface of Revolution and its effects on Human Visual Preference

회전체의 특성이 시각적 선호에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2022.04.25
  • Accepted : 2022.08.18
  • Published : 2022.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study assumed two key parameters that describe smoothness. Previously, the number of studies that defined smoothness with the concept of curvature has been limited. The parameters were the two physical characteristics of curvature: the number of waves and the amplitude of them. The purpose of the study was to observe which of the two parameters influences the perception of smoothness and to examine the relationship between the sense of aesthetic beauty and smoothness. The visual stimuli used in the study were transformed three-dimensional spheres, based on the combination of the three levels of the two parameters of nine distinct conditions. We analyzed the three responses that measured the preference of each visual stimuli, the familiarity score, and the smoothness evaluation score, each with the linear mixed model whose fixed effects were the two parameters and random effects were the participants' individual differences. Nearly the eighty percent of the variance of the smoothness evaluation score was explained by the linear model with the two key parameters and their interaction. The physical characteristics of a viewed object were far more significant than individual differences such as personality factors and the manner of art appreciation. In conclusion, the study examined the perception of smoothness based on the change of the physical characteristics of a shape. The study further recognized the relationship between smoothness and the aesthetic preference. No significant influence of the participants' individual difference such as gender, the degree in fine arts, personality factors, and the manner of art appreciation was observed. The amplitude of waves, rather than the number of them, was far more significant to the perception of smoothness.

본 연구는 곡선의 두 가지 물리적 속성인 파의 개수와 파고의 크기를 매끄러움을 구성하는 두 가지 주요 모수로 가정하고, 매끄러움의 감각에 어떠한 모수가 영향을 미치는지, 나아가 아름다움의 감각과 매끄러움 간 관계를 검증하였다. 이전 연구들 가운데 매끄러움이라는 감각을 곡률 개념을 사용해 정의한 연구는 없었으나 본 연구에서 이를 새로운 방법으로 정의하였다. 연구 재료는 3차 스플라인 곡선을 단면으로 삼아 이를 회전하여 만든 3차원 구체로 파의 개수와 파고의 크기를 각 3개 수준으로 나누어 둘을 조합시킨 9개 유형의 형상을 이용하였다. 9개 유형 가운데 어떠한 형상이 선호되는지 관찰한 결과, 파의 개수가 적은 조건이 가장 선호되었으며 파고의 크기에 따라서는 파고의 크기가 큰 조건이 가장 선호되었다. 다음으로 각 형상에 대해 선호를 측정하는 세 가지 문항과 친숙성 그리고 매끄러움을 평가하였다. 매끄러움의 두 가지 파라미터라 가정한 파의 개수와 파고의 크기를 고정효과로, 참여자 및 개인차 변인들을 확률효과로 설정한 선형 혼합 모형을 통해 분석한 결과 매끄러움 평정 값의 분산의 약 80%가 연구에서 가정한 모형으로 설명되었다. 개체의 물리적 속성의 지각에 성별 등의 개인차 변인의 역할은 확인되지 않았으며 형상의 물리적 속성이 중요하게 작용함을 확인하였다. 스플라인 곡선을 기반으로 만든 객체의 매끄러움의 지각에는 파의 개수보단 파고의 크기가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 박희영 석사논문을 발전시켜 수행된 연구임[23].

References

  1. Winner, E, "Invented worlds: The psychology of the arts," Harvard University Press, 2006.
  2. Fechner, G. T, "Preschool of aesthetics," Breitkopf & Hartel, Leipzig, 1876.
  3. Arnheim, R, "Entropy and art: An essay on disorder and order, " Univ of California Press, 1974.
  4. Jacobson, R. S, "The Aesthetics of Everyday Life," Environmental Ethics, 28(3), pp. 331-332, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200628323
  5. Shimamura, A. P., & Palmer, S. E, "Aesthetic science: Connecting minds, brains, and experience," OUP USA, 2012.
  6. Tatarkiewicz, W, "History of Aesthetics," A&C Black, 2006.
  7. Gaissert, N., & Wallraven, C, "Categorizing natural objects: a comparison of the visual and the haptic modalities," Experimental brain research, 216(1), pp. 123-134, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2916-4
  8. Norman, J. F., Phillips, F., Holmin, J. S., Norman, H. F., Beers, A. M., Boswell, A. M., & Ronning, C, "Solid shape discrimination from vision and haptics: Natural objects (Capsicum annuum) and Gibson's "feelies"," Experimental brain research, 222(3), pp. 321-332, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3220-7
  9. Norman, J. F., Adkins, O. C., Dowell, C. J., Hoyng, S. C., Gilliam, A. N., & Pedersen, L. E, "Aging and haptic-visual solid shape matching," Perception, 46(8), pp. 976-986, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006617690168
  10. Amazeen, E. L, "The effects of volume on perceived heaviness by dynamic touch: With and without vision," Ecological Psychology, 9(4), pp. 245-263, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0904_1
  11. Gibson, J. J, "Observations on active touch," Psychological review, 69(6), pp. 477, 1962. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046962
  12. Fishkin, S. M., Pishkin, V., & Stahl, M. L, "Factors involved in visual capture," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 40(2), pp. 427-434, 1975. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1975.40.2.427
  13. Grunwald, M, "Human haptic perception: Basics and applications," Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
  14. Warren, D. H., & Rossano, M. J, "Intermodality relations: Vision and touch," The psychology of touch, pp. 119-137, 1991.
  15. Yoshioka, T., Bensmaia, S. J., Craig, J. C., & Hsiao, S. S, "Texture perception through direct and indirect touch: An analysis of perceptual space for tactile textures in two modes of exploration," Somatosensory & motor research, 24(1-2), pp. 53- 70, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220701318163
  16. Birkhoff, G. D, "Aesthetic measure. In Aesthetic Measure," Harvard University Press, 2013.
  17. Palmer, S. E., & Griscom, W. S, "Accounting for taste: Individual differences in preference for harmony," Psychonomic bulletin & review, 20(3), pp. 453-461, 2013. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0355-2
  18. Bar, M., & Neta, M, "Humans prefer curved visual objects," Psychological science, 17(8), pp. 645-648, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01759.x
  19. Silvia, P. J., & Barona, C. M, "Do people prefer curved objects? Angularity, expertise, and aesthetic preference," Empirical studies of the arts, 27(1), pp. 25-42, 2009. https://doi.org/10.2190/EM.27.1.b
  20. Eysenck, M. W., & Eysenck, M. C, "Processing depth, elaboration of encoding, memory stores, and expended processing capacity," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5(5), pp. 472, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.5.5.472
  21. McManus, I. C., Cook, R., & Hunt, A, "Beyond the golden section and normative aesthetics: why do individuals differ so much in their aesthetic preferences for rectangles?," Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(2), pp. 113, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017316
  22. Bates, D., Machler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S, "Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4," arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.5823, 2014.
  23. Heeyoung, Park, "The effects of cubic spline's curvature on human visual preference," MS thesis, Dept. of Psychology, Seoul National University, 2017.
  24. Heeyoung Park. 45 Surface of Revolutions Data. https://github.com/heeyngpark/2022kcgs. (2022).