• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3201-3209
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors predicting increased usage hours of smartphone among adolescents. Secondary data was analyzed to be collected from a nationally representative sample of 2017 Korean adolescents. This study sample included 54,601 students in middle or high schools of Korea. The collected data were analyzed SPSS version 23.0 program for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis. In the results, the mean usage hour of smartphone among the adolescents was 28.42 (SD 23.30) per week. Analyses of the differences in usage hours of smartphone according to research variables were found that the groups of lower level of study (F=1361.067, p<.001) and sociality content type (F=761.549, p<.001) spent more time, as compared to the other groups. The logistic analysis showed the predictive factors for increased hour of using smartphone were smartphone usage for sociality (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.26-2.64) and peer group counselor (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.49). Conclusionally, the findings of this study suggests that it needs to understand cause or purpose of smartphone using of adolescent and to cope and educate on the cause.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2015

Objectives: This descriptive study was aimed to investigate the related factors of smartphone addiction among preschool children. Methods: The subject of study was 186 smartphone using mothers with children between 3 to 6 years old in Busan. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires from July to November, 2013 at nurseries, preschools, and cultural center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: 79.6% of children have ever used smartphone and mean smartphone addiction of them were 26.77 based on 60 points. The related factors of smartphone addiction among children were the children's smartphone usage time per day (less than 0.5 hours vs 0.5-0.9 hours (p=0.004), less than 0.5 hours vs more than 1.0 hours (p<0.001), mother's smartphone addiction (p<0.001), and perceived mother's permission level compared to other children's mothers (p=0.004), which 3 factors explained 39% of variance of smartphone addiction of children. Conclusions: Considering the related factors of smartphone addiction among preschool children, mothers should recognize the importance of the their use smartphone and attitude toward smartphone use of children, and take measure to limit children's excessive use of smartphone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.309-316
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between smartphone usage time and oral health among Korean adolescents using data from the 13th (2017) Korea Youth Health Behavior Survey, which included 62,276 subjects. The daily smartphone usage time was categorized as not used, less than 2 hours, more than 2 hours, less than 4 hours, and more than 4 hours. Our results reveal that 60.1% of participants and 61.7% of smartphone users experienced oral disease symptoms annually, 27.4% of total adolescents used smartphone more than 4 hours daily during weekdays, and 53.8% more than 4 hours daily on weekends. The results from multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting general characteristics show that the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for risk of oral disease experience was 1.78 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.67-1.91) times higher in the group that used smartphones more than 4 hours a day on weekdays and 1.81 (95% CI 1.70-1.93) times higher in the group that used smartphones more than 4 hours a day on weekends compared to the group that did not use smartphones. The results indicate that smartphone overuse among Korean adolescents has a harmful effect on oral health. Education programs for reducing excessive use of smartphones among adolescents will help promote oral health.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2023

Background: Flexion of cervical and lumbar joints is required when viewing a smartphone screen. Thus, these joints are overused, together with the surrounding joints and muscles. Long-term use of smartphones will cause changes in cervical and lumbar posture. The effect on forward head posture will vary, depending on the angle of cervical flexion start position in relation to the smartphone. This study investigated how forward head posture changes over time when using a smartphone at 20° and 40° cervical flexion start positions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-five subjects with a forward head posture angle of 35° or less participated in the study. A Forward Head Posture app on the participants' smartphones measured forward head posture 5 and 10 minutes after watching videos on their smartphones. Cervical range of motion was used to set a smartphone watching start posture of 20° and 40° of cervical flexion. Results: There was no significant difference in forward head posture, irrespective of cervical flexion start position, but the angle of forward head posture increased more at cervical flexion of 40° than at cervical flexion of 20°. There was no significant difference in what according to smartphone video viewing times, but the angle of forward head posture increased over time. Conclusion: An increase in forward head posture over time with smartphone usage poses a potential risk of neck and shoulder pain. Therefore, smartphone users should avoid prolonged screen time.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-141
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of empirically analyzing the effects of adolescents' relationships with major adults as protective factors for smartphone addiction. Specifically, the study compared the discriminatory effects of adolescents' relationships with their parents, school teachers, and educational institute teachers on smartphone addiction among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. Analyzing the data of the 2019 Korean Children & Youth Happiness Index (N=7,454), it was found that relationships with adults were significant factors in explaining the level of smartphone addiction even after controlling for the influences of adolescents' demographics, usage time, and friendship factors. For elementary school students, good relationships with their mothers and school teachers decreased the risk of smartphone addiction. On the other hand, in the case of middle school students, only a good relationship with father functioned as a protective factor. Good relationships with their fathers and institute teachers decreased the level of high school students' smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, this study discussed on the development of programs and policies for prevention and intervention of adolescents' smartphone addiction and provided suggestions for follow-up research in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

Smartphone use has become a part of everyday life, not only for adolescents but also for elderly and older people. Thus, this study explored the effect of demographic variables, the amount of smartphone usage, type of smartphone use and psychosocial variables on smartphone dependence of the elder group. We analyzed the data of 5627 (50s and 60s) of the Internet overdependence survey data of the Korea Information Society Agency in 2016. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, More frequency of smartphone use of weekday and weekend, and usage time of smartphone of weekday were related to greater smartphone dependence. More smartphone use for information seeking and games were associated with greater smartphone dependence. And, as loneliness and anxiety increased, smartphone dependence increased, while smartphone dependence decreased, as social capital increased. Through this study, it is necessary to understand characteristics related to smartphone dependence of elder and older group, and to use this knowledge to solve their smartphone dependence. Future studies also need to identify the causal relationship between predictors of smartphone dependence in elderly and older people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Certainly, we are living in a true mobile society. At the end of 2014, approximately 40million 560thousand people are subscribed to smartphone services in Korea, using more than 2000MB of mobile data per a person. The use of smartphone is expected to increase. Moreover, smartphone moves toward becoming a requisite for modern people. Under the circumstances, high-speed communication services such as LTE provide high quality services anywhere and anytime and, furthermore, the development of high performances of the application makes the life patterns of modern people link directly to smartphone. Almost every day, new creative services are being introduced and the demands of on-line streaming services such as high-performance game and YouTube are increasing day after day. However, although smartphones are getting smarter and high quality services are rapidly growing, consumers still complain about the insufficient usage time caused by the capacity of batteries. In order to solve this problem, this thesis suggests EDLC(Electric Double-Layer Capacitor) uses as a supplemental power supply to keep the continuity of work while switching batteries. Through this approach, the running time of smartphone becomes longer as the number of batteries without power off and the purpose of this study is to maximize the convenience of using smartphone by eliminating the initialization of memories and the loss of time of rebooting while batteries are switched.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.915-922
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• 2020

This study analyzed the content of use Tendency and addiction according to smartphone use of targeting radiological Technologist working in Gyeongnam area. The tool used as the data for the study is a survey. From April 21 to May 31, 2019, a total of 330 questionnaires were distributed to radiological Technologist working at medical institutions in Gyeongnam, and 300 copies suitable for the study were SPSS/PC Ver 18.0 program for Analysis was performed using. The factors of the study subject's tendency to use smartphone were communication, information, leisure, and convenience. As for the addiction factors, a total of 37 questions were analyzed, including daily living disorder, virtual world orientation, tolerance, and withdrawal. Smartphone-related characteristics were set as monthly average fee, usage time, and SNS usage time, and technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis were performed. The radiological Technologist tendency to use smartphones was 3.10±.55 points, which was average, and smartphone addiction was 2.34±.62 points, which was lower than the average. It was found that there was a significant correlation between the radiological Technologist Tendency to use smartphone and addiction. The effect of radiological Technologist tendency to use smartphone on addiction it was found to account for 10.8%. Through this study, it can be said that it is important to analyze the addiction factors according to the tendency use smartphone of radiological Technologist and to prepare a desirable plan for smartphone use.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems experienced by Korean adolescents due to smartphone use and related factors. Methods: The subjects were 57,463 middle school and high school students nationwide as the 13th The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, 2017. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and composite sample multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: This study confirms that negative experiences were related to general characteristics of sex, academic background, socio-economic level, residential area and form, academic performance, and parental education; health behavior characteristics of subjective health cognition, depression, and stress; and characteristics related to smartphone use. Smartphone usage time amd use of services were factors related to the problems experienced from using smartphones. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan for the use of smartphones in consideration of physical and emotional health and to educate adolescents to promote social communication between family and friends. It is also necessary to develop and apply a smartphone use management program to maintain a balance between smartphone use, academic performance, and school life.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.177-183
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• 2017

This study is a descriptive study to investigate the influence factors on smartphone overdependenceon in male middle school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 174 male middle school students about their smartphone overdependence, stress, ego - resilience, and use of smartphone by function. In results, 29.9% (potential risk group 23.6%, high risk group 6.3%) of the male middle school students were the smartphone overdependency risk group. A higher smartphone overdependency was associated with the higher the smartphone usage time per day, the higher the stress level, the higher the grade, and the lower the ego-resilience level. This requires the involvement of appropriate stress coping styles to overcome excessive stress situations. And the development and implementation of an intervention program that increases the level of ego-resilience can be expected to have an effect of controlling the smartphone use time as well as the intervention effect on stress coping.