• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-137
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• 2009

Smart sensors densely distributed over structures can use their computational and wireless communication capabilities to provide rich information for structural health monitoring (SHM). Though smart sensor technology has seen substantial advances during recent years, implementation of smart sensors on full-scale structures has been limited. Hardware resources available on smart sensors restrict data acquisition capabilities; intrinsic to these wireless systems are packet loss, data synchronization errors, and relatively slow communication speeds. This paper addresses these issues under the hardware limitation by developing corresponding middleware services. The reliable communication service requires only a few acknowledgement packets to compensate for packet loss. The synchronized sensing service employs a resampling approach leaving the need for strict control of sensing timing. The data aggregation service makes use of application specific knowledge and distributed computing to suppress data transfer requirements. These middleware services are implemented on the Imote2 smart sensor platform, and their efficacy demonstrated experimentally.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.146-151
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• 2014

The Smart Grid provide a lot of additional service between ICT(Information Communication Technology) and fusion service. The smart grid using various protocol need to use independent middleware system for exchanging information data. The application system of Smart Grid is exchanging information on the almost All-IP system. The current All-IP middleware system consist of SOAP and RESTful. This paper analysis SOAP and RESTful. This result make use of building Smart Grid System.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.625-627
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• 2005

사용자가 시간과 장소에 구애 받지 않고 컴퓨터를 자연스럽고 효율성 있게 사용할 수 있는 환경을 의미하는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅은 네트워크와 센서(Sensor), smart devices, 무선 통신과 smart middleware(UPnP(Universal Plug and Play), Jini, HAVi(Home Audio Video Interoperability) IEEE 1394, PLC (Power Line Communication) 등) 등을 기반으로 Smart Space를 만들 수 있다. 그러나 여러 종류의 가전제품들이 늘어나고 수많은 사용자들의 요구를 충족시키기엔 smart middleware의 단일 제어로는 처리가 불가능하여 본 논문에서는 이기종간의 미들웨어간의 상호작용을 위해 개발된 OSGi(Open Service Gateway Initiative) Spec. 3에서 제공하는 서비스 플랫폼(Service Platform)을 기반으로 사용자/디바이스 관리 및 분산 시스템 등의 취약점들을 보완하여 Smart Space상에서 효율적인 서비스 번들을 관리하기 위해 MASBM(Multi-Agent Service Bundle Manager)을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

The security of the data dealt by the smart city system is important because they have many privacy and public information. Therefore, it is necessary to study security in the smart city system. In this paper, we define the security factors for the smart city system composed of three tiers and describe the technologies for each. In addition, the design and implementation of the security layer in the Smart City middleware for the security management of the urban component in the Smart City Infrastructure and middleware, which is one of the most important issues in the Smart City system, is introduced.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

With the rapid growth of smart phone technologies, mobile user's demands for using services provided by existing web or portal cites are highly increased. These services, however, are designed for the environment of desktop PCs or laptops in general, so it requires lots of costs for corrections and has difficulties for system protection to use in current mobile devices. In this paper, we design and implement a middleware for android-based smart phone apps to cooperate with a portal system with minimum corrections and function configuration. Our middleware system is working as an interface between an existing portal system and mobile devices to provide harmonious usage and safe system protection.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

The traditional way for convergence of smart appliances was software integrations on middleware. It is possible advantage to integrate easily and quickly with this way. But basically the middleware approach is slowly executed as it is huge the size of software. To solve this problem, we suggest a modeling tool for convergence. As we can execute and generate the automatic source code at the design phase with our modeling tool, it is possible to do software integration without the middleware. We use one example of U-Home environment to show the convergence for TV and the door lock system. With our approach, we will be able quickly to develop the convergent products what the customers desire with inexpensiveness, that is, the convergence of smart appliances without the middleware.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Tourism and hospitality have encountered significant changes in recent years as a result of the rapid development of information technology (IT). Customers now expect more expedient services and customized travel experiences, which has intensified competition among service providers. To meet these demands, businesses have adopted sophisticated IT applications such as ChatGPT, which enables real-time interaction with consumers and provides recommendations based on their preferences. This paper focuses on the AI support-prompt middleware system, which functions as a mediator between generative AI and human users, and discusses two operational rules associated with it. The first rule is the Information Processing Rule, which requires the middleware system to determine appropriate responses based on the context of the conversation using techniques for natural language processing. The second rule is the Information Presentation Rule, which requires the middleware system to choose an appropriate language style and conversational attitude based on the gravity of the topic or the conversational context. These rules are essential for guaranteeing that the middleware system can fathom user intent and respond appropriately in various conversational contexts. This study contributes to the planning and analysis of service design by deriving design rules for middleware systems to incorporate artificial intelligence into tourism services. By comprehending the operation of AI support-prompt middleware systems, service providers can design more effective and efficient AI-driven tourism services, thereby improving the customer experience and obtaining a market advantage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce the UTOPIA Smart City Security Management System which manages a user authentication for smart cities. Because the smart city management system should take care of huge number of users and services, and various kinds of resources and facilities, and they should be carefully controlled, we need a specially designed security management system. UTOPIA is a smart city system based on ICT(Information and Communication Technology), and it has a three tier structure of UTOPIA portal system, UTOPIA processing system and UTOPIA infrastructure system. The UTOPIA processing system uses the smart city middleware named SmartUM. The UTOPIA Smart City Security Management System is implemented in the application security layer, which is the top layer of the SmartUM middleware, and the infrastructure security layer, which is the lowest layer. The UTOPIA Smart City security management system is built on the premise that it supports all existing user authentication technologies. This paper introduces the application security layer and describes the authentication management in the application security layer.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2019

IOT middleware is required to play a pivotal role in interpreting, managing, and controlling data information of Internet devices (sensors, etc.). In particular, the root industry has different process flows for different industries, and there are various data processing requirements for each company. Therefore, a general purpose IOT middleware is needed to accommodate this. The IOT middleware structure proposed by this paper is a plug-in that can be used as an engine part for middleware basic processes such as communication, data collection, processing and service linkage, We propose a flexible and effective smart process for root industry. In addition, we propose a method to strengthen prevention and security against tampering, deodorization, etc. through encryption of network data between middleware plug - in and related service layer. We propose a system that will be developed as an IOT middleware platform that is specialized in the root industry so that it can be extended in various network protocols such as MQTT, COAP, XAMP.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2019

In this paper, designing and implementing multi-communication middleware in multi-thread environmet through event-based synchronization method are proposed for stable data transmission of electronic optical equipment, which requires combining camera and various sensors to process multiple high-speed data. To verify the performance of the implemented communication middleware, image data and sensor data were sent to compare differences in reception-based and transmission-based cycles, and the maximum number of communication possibilities to transmit and process multiple was measured and analyzed. In addition, the proposed communication middleware's performance was verified through experiments such as validating the integrity of the transmitted data and measuring the Round Trip Time.