• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sign extension

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A SIGN TEST FOR UNIT ROOTS IN A SEASONAL MTAR MODEL

  • Shin, Dong-Wan;Park, Sei-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2007
  • This study suggests a new method for testing seasonal unit roots in a momentum threshold autoregressive (MTAR) process. This sign test is robust against heteroscedastic or heavy tailed errors and is invariant to monotone data transformation. The proposed test is a seasonal extension of the sign test of Park and Shin (2006). In the case of partial seasonal unit root in an MTAR model, a Monte-Carlo study shows that the proposed test has better power than the seasonal sign test developed for AR model.

Sign-Extension Reduction Method in Common Subexpression Elimination Circuit (Common Subexpression Elimination 회로의 부호 확장 제거)

  • Kim, Yong-Eun;Chung, Jin-Gyun;Lee, Moon-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.45 no.9
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2008
  • In FIR filter design, multipliers occupy most of the area. To efficiently reduce the area occupied by multipliers, Common Subexpression Elimination (CSE) algorithm can be used instead of separate multipliers. However, the filter computation time can be increased due to the long carry propagation in CSE circuits. More specifically, when the difference of weights between the two inputs to an adder in CSE circuits is large, long carry propagation time is required due to large sign extension. In this paper, we propose a sign-extension reduction method in common subexpression elimination circuit. By Synopsys simulation using Samsung 0.35um library, it is shown that the proposed method leads to 17%, 31% and 12% reduction in the area, time delay and power consumption, respectively, compared with conventional method.

Performance Comparisons of some nonparametric detectors (몇가지 비모수 검파기의 성능 비교)

  • 김홍길;송익호;장태주;배진수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 1996.06a
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, we propose a new detector based on the median-shift sign. We call it the median-shift sign (MSS) detector, which is an extension of the classical sign detector. We first analyze the problem of detecting a dc signal in noise of known probability density function (pdf). The MSS detector with the optimum median-shift value, the optimum MSS detector, performs better than the sign detector in Gaussian noise: it has the best performance among the detectors compared in Laplacian and Cauchy noise. It is shown that the MSS detectors with constant median-shift values are nearly equal to the optimum MSS detector. We also analyze the problem of detecting a dc signal when only partial information is available on the noise. The MSS detectors with constant median-shift values are almost equal to the sign detector in Gaussian noise: they perform better than the sign and Wilcoxon detectors for most signal ranges in Laplacian and Cauchy noise.

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Sign-Extension Overhead Reduction by Propagated-Carry Selection (전파캐리의 선택에 의한 부호확장 오버헤드의 감소)

  • 조경주;김명순;유경주;정진균
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.27 no.6C
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    • pp.632-639
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    • 2002
  • To reduce the area and power consumption in constant coefficient multiplications, the constant coefficient can be encoded using canonic signed digit(CSD) representation. When the partial product terms are added depending on the nonzero bit(1 or -1) positions in the CSD-encoded multiplier, all sign bits are properly extended before the addition takes place. In this paper, to reduce the overhead due to sign extension, a new method is proposed based on the fact that carry propagation in the sign extension part can be controlled such that a desired input bit can be propagated as a carry. Also, a fixed-width multiplier design method suitable for CSD multiplication is proposed. As an application, 43-tap filbert transformer for SSB/BPSK-DS/CDMA is implemented. It is shown that, about 16∼28% adders can be saved by the proposed method compared with the conventional methods.

A Study on Twofold Interpretation and Concept Extension of Stochastic Independence (확률의 독립성의 개념 확장과 이중적 관점에 대한 고찰)

  • Cho, Cha-Mi
    • Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.257-271
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    • 2009
  • Stochastical independence is separated into two. One can be intuitively judged and the other is not. Independence is a concept based on assumption. However, It is defined as multiplication rule and it has produced extension of concept. Analysis on this issue is needed, assuming the cause is on the intersection sign which is used for both simultaneous events and compatible events. This study presented the extension process of independence concept in detail and constructed twofold interpretation of simultaneous events and compatible events which use the same sign $P(A\cap{B})$ with Pierce Semiotics.

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Hardware Design of High Performance Arithmetic Unit with Processing of Complex Data for Multimedia Processor (복소수 데이터 처리가 가능한 멀티미디어 프로세서용 고성능 연산회로의 하드웨어 설계)

  • Choi, Byeong-yoon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, a high-performance arithmetic unit which can efficiently accelerate a number of algorithms for multimedia application was designed. The 3-stage pipelined arithmetic unit can execute 38 operations for complex and fixed-point data by using efficient configuration for four 16-bit by 16-bit multipliers, new sign extension method for carry-save data, and correction constant scheme to eliminate sign-extension in compression operation of multiple partial multiplication results. The arithmetic unit has about 300-MHz operating frequency and about 37,000 gates on 45nm CMOS technology and its estimated performance is 300 MCOPS(Million Complex Operations Per Second). Because the arithmetic unit has high processing rate and supports a number of operations dedicated to various applications, it can be efficiently applicable to multimedia processors.

A Design of high throughput IDCT processor in Distrited Arithmetic Method (처리율을 개선시킨 분산연산 방식의 IDCT 프로세서 설계)

  • 김병민;배현덕;조태원
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.48-57
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, An 8${\times}$l ID-IDCT processor with adder-based distributed arithmetic(DA) and bit-serial method Is presented. To reduce hardware cost and to improve operating speed, the proposed 8${\times}$1 ID-IDCT used the bit-serial method and DA method. The transform of coefficient equation results in reduction in hardware cost and has a regularity in implementation. The sign extension computation method reduces operation clock. As a result of logic synthesis, The gate count of designed 8${\times}$1 1D-IDCT is 17,504. The sign extension processing block has gate count of 3,620. That is 20% of total 8${\times}$1 ID-IDCT architecture. But the sign extension processing block improves more than twice in throughput. The designed IDCT processes 50Mpixels per second and at a clock frequency of 100MHz.

Improved Environment Recognition Algorithms for Autonomous Vehicle Control (자율주행 제어를 위한 향상된 주변환경 인식 알고리즘)

  • Bae, Inhwan;Kim, Yeounghoo;Kim, Taekyung;Oh, Minho;Ju, Hyunsu;Kim, Seulki;Shin, Gwanjun;Yoon, Sunjae;Lee, Chaejin;Lim, Yongseob;Choi, Gyeungho
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2019
  • This paper describes the improved environment recognition algorithms using some type of sensors like LiDAR and cameras. Additionally, integrated control algorithm for an autonomous vehicle is included. The integrated algorithm was based on C++ environment and supported the stability of the whole driving control algorithms. As to the improved vision algorithms, lane tracing and traffic sign recognition were mainly operated with three cameras. There are two algorithms developed for lane tracing, Improved Lane Tracing (ILT) and Histogram Extension (HIX). Two independent algorithms were combined into one algorithm - Enhanced Lane Tracing with Histogram Extension (ELIX). As for the enhanced traffic sign recognition algorithm, integrated Mutual Validation Procedure (MVP) by using three algorithms - Cascade, Reinforced DSIFT SVM and YOLO was developed. Comparing to the results for those, it is convincing that the precision of traffic sign recognition is substantially increased. With the LiDAR sensor, static and dynamic obstacle detection and obstacle avoidance algorithms were focused. Therefore, improved environment recognition algorithms, which are higher accuracy and faster processing speed than ones of the previous algorithms, were proposed. Moreover, by optimizing with integrated control algorithm, the memory issue of irregular system shutdown was prevented. Therefore, the maneuvering stability of the autonomous vehicle in severe environment were enhanced.

Failed septal extension graft in a patient with a history of radiotherapy

  • Kang, Il Gyu;Kim, Seon Tae;Lee, Seok Ho;Baek, Min Kwan
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.38
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    • pp.40.1-40.4
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    • 2016
  • Background: This report describes the authors' experience of "melting" septal cartilage after placement of a septal extension graft in a nasopharyngeal cancer patient that had been previously undergone radiation therapy, and provides a review of the literature. Methods: Electronic medical records were used to obtain details of the patient's clinical history. Results: A 32-year-old woman, who had previously undergone radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer, visited our department to for rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty was performed using a septal extension graft to raise the nasal tip (first operation). Five days after surgery, it was found that the septal extension graft was melting without any signs of infection, that is, the graft had softened, lost elasticity, thinned, and partially disappeared without any sign of infection at 5 days, and thus, the nasal tip was reconstructed with conchal cartilage (second operation). Five months after surgery, it was found that almost all septal cartilage had disappeared without any sign of infection, and thus, the entire nasal septum was reconstructed using 2-mm costal cartilage and an onlay graft was used for tip augmentation (third operation). Conclusions: After cartilage has been exposed to radiotherapy, its patency should be viewed with suspicion. Further studies are needed for determine the mechanism responsible for cartilage damage after radiotherapy.

A Nonparametric Detector Based on Median-Shift Sign: Asymptotic and Finite Sample-Size Performance (중앙값을 움직인 부호를 바탕으로 한 비모수 검파기: 점근 성능과 유한 표본 성능)

  • 김홍길;박소령;윤석호;이주식;송익호
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.1454-1460
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    • 1998
  • In this ppaer, we propose a new detector based on the median-shift sign, and then investigate its asymptotic and finite sample-size performance. We call it the median-shift sign (MSS) detector, which is an extension of the classical sign detector. First, we consider the asymptotic opti$$\mu$ median shift values and their characteristics. Next, we consider the asymptotic relative efficiency of the MSS detectors. we then consider the problem of detecting known signals in noise of known probability density function, and the problem of detecting known signals when only partial information is available on the noise.

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