• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2007

This study focuses on surveying and examining the beliefs of elementary pre-service and in-service teachers about science and science education. The instrument consisted of 21 items about science and science education on a 5-Likert scale(score range from 1 to 5). The one contained science knowledge and scientific invention, and the other contained science teacher, learning science and science learning and teaching. Data were collected from 76 pre-service and 96 in-service elementary teachers(24 male and 148 female). The elementary pre-service and in-service teachers had higher level belief about that science knowledge should be acquired by sequential scientific process, the beliefs of in-service teachers was more explicit than those of pre-service teachers. They had beliefs to educate learners by providing scientific joyfulness and sequential scientific process. But, in-service teachers had difficulties to perform scientific process-based activities. It is necessary to provide scientific experiences to understand the nature of science in pre-service and in-service programs.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2007

Currently, the world has experienced a mass exodus of workforce from the manufacturing industry to service related industry. In addition, the changes of industry structure toward service industry have been gradually accelerated. We have felt that it is time to conduct researches about IT service systematizing and discovering the essence of service itself with scientific and synthetic ways based on Service Science. For Service Science researchers, service identification is regarded as a difficult activity when they contact it for the first time and they want to apply it real environment. In reality, there exist mismatches between business and IT service to identify service since service is identified from the business point of view in Service Science area and it is identified from the technical point of view in IT service area. In this paper, we have conducted researches about service identification placed on the first priority and regarded as difficult area in service-oriented business area. To lessen aforementioned difficulties, we propose procedures and methods for extracting and identifying service in the viewpoint of business process. We conducted case study and comparison with existing researches to verify the applicability and the excellence of our proposal.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the variables related to the science teaching efficacy beliefs of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers. The participants were 176 freshmen and 260 seniors from an university of education and 234 teachers from 25 elementary schools located in Jeonju. Variables concerning pre-service teachers include their sex, career/study tracks (science or non-science), and the number of science courses taken either at high school or at university. Variables concerning in-service teachers include their sex, academic degree, the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training, and their teaching career experience. The Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument was used to measure teachers' self-efficacy beliefs. The results indicated that the personal science teaching efficacy belief scores of seniors were significantly lower than those of freshmen and in-service teachers, whereas the science teaching outcome expectancy scores of seniors were significantly higher than those of freshmen. Among variables investigated, sex, career/study track, the number of science courses taken at high school, and the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training were found to significantly influence teachers' science teaching efficacy beliefs.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2012

In dynamic Web service environments, the performance of the Internet is unpredictable; the reliability and effectiveness of remote Web services are also unclear. Therefore, it can hardly be guaranteed that the quality of Web service (QoWS) attributes of Web services do not fluctuate with the dynamic Web service environments. When a composite service is planned in the context of dynamic service environments, there is another aspect which has not been taken into account by existing works, namely, concurrency - the fact that multiple requests to a composite service may arrive at the same time. Considering the dynamics of Web service environments and concurrency of requests, we propose in this paper a service selection scheme which adopts top-k dominating queries to generate a composition solution rather than only select the best composition solution for a given request. The experimental results have investigated the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach and shown that it outperforms baseline and traditional methods for service selection.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.23-26
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• 2007

As the service industry continues to grow in importance, a new research field called service science has formed so as to conduct more comprehensive and scientific analysis of service. However, much further research is required until we can develop the common terminology and methodology for service design and improvement. A foundational step toward this is giving a lucid definition to service which reflects the intrinsic qualities of it. Many of the service definitions mentioned in existing studies had the limitation that they considered service as the residual from physical products, or tried to conceptualize service based on some characteristics. In this paper we compare and analyze existing studies, discuss about the essential nature of services, and suggest a more comprehensive investigation into service.

• 서비스연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.139-163
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• 2022

본 연구는 새로운 인류사회를 이끌어갈 중심 학문으로서의 서비스학(서비스사이언스) 연구의 과거, 현재를 분석하고 미래 연구 가이드를 제시한다. 21세기에 서비스 연구는 기존 체계와 다른 새로운 학문인 서비스학으로 발전하였다. 서비스학은 서비스 관련 모든 연구를 통칭하는 학문이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 발전 과정을 분석하고, 향후 서비스학 연구의 방향을 제시한다. 우선 서비스학의 초기 모델인 서비스사이언스 탄생 이전 연구를 분석한다. 서비스중심 로직으로의 변화 등을 연구한 서비스마케팅 연구, 서비스기업의 운영과 경영, 서비스공학 등 기존 학문 연장 차원의 서비스 연구를 분석한다. 그리고 서비스사이언스 탄생 초기 연구를 분석한다. 서비스연구 프레임워크 제안 등 새로운 학문으로서 체계를 갖추어가는 과정을 분석한다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 초기 서비스사이언스를 확대 발전시킨 서비스학 프레임워크를 분석한다. 기존 학문의 체계를 현대적 관점에서 새롭게 혁신한 서비스학의 각 분야들을 소개하고, 독립적 신학문의 기반이 되는 서비스철학의 구조를 분석한다. 그리고 서비스학 연구의 미래 방향을 제시한다. 먼저 기존 개별 학문들의 패러다임 혁신 연구 방향을 제시한다. 사례로 기존 경영학의 서비스경영학으로의 혁신을 소개하며 미래 연구 방향성을 안내한다. 또한 복수의 학문 분야 융합이 필요한 새로운 경제사회시스템 연구 방향을 제시한다. 경제 정치 사회 등 기존 분야의 혁신과, 민주주의 등 인류사회 핵심주제에 대한 서비스학 연구 방향을 제시한다. 최종적으로 다차원 광범위 융합 연구 방향을 제시한다. 그동안 끝없이 분화를 계속한 학문들이 인간과 세계를 중심으로 다시 통합 융합으로 되돌아가는 과정이 서비스학의 미래가 될 수 있음을 제시한다. 동서양 정신이 융합하면서 모든 학문이 서비스학으로 재통합되는 모델을 제시한다. 마지막으로 향후 서비스학 연구의 활성화 필요성을 제시한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.255-270
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the elementary pre-service teachers' views about "the purpose of science experiments". For the study, the views about the purposes of scientists' experiments and school science experiments were surveyed from 227 pre-service teachers. And the responses were analyzed based on their gender, intensive majors and school science test scores. The main results of the study are as follows. First, in relation to the purpose of scientists' experiments, the pre-service teachers considered internal values of doing experiments were more worthy than the external values of it. In particular, the pre-service teachers responded that the most important purpose of the science experiments is 'to get the evidences for the theories and arguments'. On the other hand, the views from the women and social studies major pre-service teachers were more diverse than those of the man and science major pre-service teachers. Second, in relation to the purpose of school science experiments, the pre-service teachers excessively considered that the internal values of school science experiments were more worthy than the external values. In particular, only few pre-service teachers were aware of social and personal aspects of the experiments, though they considered well that the experiments are useful tools for the school science study. Third, there were quite different aspects of pre-service teachers' views between the purposes of scientists' experiments and school science experiments. For example, the views about the scientist's experiments were relatively broad concerning the nature of scientific experiments, but the school science experiments were just regarded as an educational tool for the science study. Based on the results from the study, some science educational implication were discussed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2009

This study investigated pre-service elementary school teacher's perception of science curriculum use in Korea and Japan. Ninety four pre-service elementary teachers in Korea and fifty three pre-service elementary teachers in Japan are participated in this study. As the result, four patterns were revealed. First, science isn't perceived as an important or interesting subject by the pre-service elementary teachers in both countries. Second, the perception of Korean pre-service teachers about the objectives of science subject is relatively negative. Third, in the case of Korea, the perception about the effectiveness of science subject content and level, and the amount of learning is shown to be more negative than those of Japan. Finally, in both countries, the science majors and the non-science majors have negative perceptions about the inclusion of the perspectives and methods of assessment and the preparation of teaching and learning plan in curriculum.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

이 연구는 지구과학 예비교사와 초등 예비교사들이 과학 교과독서를 통해 과학도서와 독서에 대해 어떠한 의미를 부여하고 과학 교과독서 과정에서 과학교육에 대한 생각이 어떻게 반영되는지 비교하는 데 목적이 있었다. 연구를 위해 우리나라 중부지방에 위치한 교사 양성 대학에 다니는 지구과학교육을 전공하는 3학년 학생 24명과 초등교육을 전공하는 2학년 학생 25명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 지구과학 예비교사들은 교과독서를 과학 내용 지식을 습득하는데 많이 활용하였으나, 초등 예비교사들은 수업에 활용하기 위한 목적과 과학적인 흥미, 궁금증 해결을 위한 것으로 이용하고 있었다. 둘째, 지구과학 예비교사와 초등 예비교사들은 과학 관련 도서를 과학 교육에 활용하는 데에서도 생각 차이를 보이고 있었다. 지구과학 예비교사들이 과학도서를 수업에 활용하는 것에 대해 드물게 서술한 반면, 초등 예비교사들은 과학수업에 대해 적극적으로 서술하였다. 셋째, 과학 교과독서 관점에서 지구과학 예비교사들에 비해 초등 예비교사들이 더 적극적으로 교과독서의 의미를 부각시키고 있었다. 과학에서의 독서활동이 많은 효과가 있다는 연구결과들을 비춰보면 학교 현장 수업에서 교수전략으로서 과학 교과독서에 대한 연구가 폭넓게 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.605-616
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• 2013

A multistage approach for service recovery enables restaurant managers to do the most effective recovery strategies to reduce customer dissatisfaction and lead to positive behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study was to identify the most effective service recovery strategies in terms of service stage and examine the relationship between service strategies and behavioral intentions. A total of 227 diners examined the customer perceptions to recovery strategies (tangible strategy and intangible strategy) following service failures in each of the four stages:1) reservation and parking, 2) seating and ordering, 3) meal consumption, and 4) payment and exit. The one-way ANOVA showed that intangible strategies were relatively more effective than tangible strategies regardless of service stages. Free meal or free dessert were most effective in service stage 1 and stage 2 whereas correct the failure and reperformance of service found to be the most effective service recovery strategy. Regarding the association between service recovery strategies and behavioral intentions, multiple regression analysis showed that intangible strategies influenced diners' likelihood of positive behavioral intentions whereas tangible strategies lead to diners' willingness to positive behavioral intentions only in service stage 1. The findings enable restaurant practitioners to improve service recovery activities from a service stage perspective.