• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.43.1-43.12
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• 2023

Background: Gig workers, also known as platform workers, are independent workers who are not employed by any particular company. The number of gig economy workers has rapidly increased worldwide in the past decade. There is a dearth of occupational health studies among gig economy workers. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to violence and job stress in gig economy workers and depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 955 individuals (521 gig workers and 434 general workers) participated in this study and variables were measured through self-report questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 when the score was greater than or equal to 10 points. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, working hours, education level, exposure to violence and job stress. Results: 19% of gig economy workers reported depressive symptoms, while only 11% of general workers reported the depressive symptoms. In association to depressive symptoms among gig economy workers, the mainly result of odds ratios for depressive symptoms were as follows: 1.81 for workers type, 3.53 for humiliating treatment, 2.65 for sexual harassment, 3.55 for less than three meals per day, 3.69 for feeling too tired to do housework after leaving work. Conclusions: Gig economic workers are exposed to violence and job stress in the workplace more than general workers, and the proportion of workers reporting depressive symptoms is also high. These factors are associated to depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the gig workers associated between depressive symptoms and exposure to violence, job stress.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 2024

Objectives: A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a cross-sectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use. Conclusions: CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2024

Objectives: Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians. Methods: The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points. Results: Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001). Conclusions: Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2020

본 연구는 간호대학생의 의사소통능력, 임상수행능력, 인수인계 경험, 인수인계 자기효능감을 파악하고 인수인계 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하여 인수인계 교육프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 연구방법은 서술적 조사연구로서 G시에 소재한 4년제 2개교 간호대학생 255명을 2019년 6월부터 9월까지 구조화된 설문지를 통해 자료수집하였다. 자료분석은 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficents 그리고 단계적 다중회귀분석을 활용하였다. 연구결과, 간호대학생들의 의사소통능력은 57.3점(100점 만점에 76.4점), 임상수행능력은 69.8점(100점 만점에 73.5점), 인수인계 자기효능감은 33.8점(100점 만점에 51.2점)으로 나타났다. 간호대학생의 인수인계 자기효능감은 성(F=4.60, p<.001), 연령(F=16.72, p<.001), 학년(t=-6.39, p<.001), 임상실습 만족도(F=3.68, p=.027), 인수인계 교육 경험(t=26.44, p<.001), 인수인계 경험(t=4.84, p<.001), 인수인계에 대한 두려움(F=16.97, p<.001), 환자안전에 있어서 인수인계 중요도(F=6.42, p=.002)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 간호대학생의 의사소통능력, 임상수행능력, 인수인계 자기효능감 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 인수인계 자기효능감은 의사소통능력(r=.249, p<.001)과 임상수행능력(r=.426, p<.001) 간에 유의한 순 상관 관계가 있었다. 간호대학생의 인수인계 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 인수인계에 대한 두려움(β=-.294, p<.001), 임상수행능력(β=.252, p<.001), 학년(β=.191, p=.001), 인수인계 경험(β=.185, p<.001), 성별(β=.150, p=.003), 인수인계 교육 경험(β=.126, p=.017)순으로 모형의 설명력은 40.0%이었다. 결론적으로 간호대학생들의 인수인계 자기효능감을 높이기 위해서는 임상수행능력을 향상시키고 임상실습 시 인수인계 경험을 포함한 인수인계 교육을 제공하여 인수인계 두려움을 감소시키는 인수인계 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1999

목적 : 본 연구는 호스피스 자원봉사자를 대상으로 죽음에 대한 인식을 파악하여 자원봉사교육에 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 시도되었다. 방법 : 1996년부터 1999년까지 4년간 실시된 호스피스 자원봉사 교육 대상자 남녀 성인 465명 중 교육하기 전에 실시한 질문지에 응답한 327명에게 죽음에 대한 인식을 자기보고식 설문지를 통하여 수집하여 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/W를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상자는 총 327명이며 여성이 307명으로 93.9%를 차지하였다. 대상자의 연령은 22세에서 74세로 평균 연령은 48세이었고 40(35.9%)${\sim}$50대(37.4%)가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 대상자의 종교는 기독교가 전체 대상자의 82.6%를 차지하여 가장 비율을 나타냈다. 2) 죽음에 대하여 긍정적인 인식을 나타냈으며 죽음을 인생의 한 과정으로 받아들이고 있었다. 사형제도에 대해서는 대다수가 비인도적이라고 응답함으로서 부정적인 태도를 보였으며, 현대 의학의 발달로 생명연장을 기대하며, 모든 방법을 동원하여 생명을 연장시키려 노력해야 한다에는 비교적 긍정적인 결과를 보였다. 대상자의 95.4%에서 신앙심이 깊다면 죽음의 공포에서 해방될 수 있다고 응답하였다. 3) 죽음에 대한 인식은 대상자의 연령, 종교에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 연령이 높은 층이 젊은 층보다 죽음에 더 민감하였으나 대체적으로 죽음에 대해 긍정적인 인식을 나타냈다. 4) 종교적으로는 기독교 대상자가 기타 종교를 가진 대상자에 비해 죽음에 대해 긍정적이고 자연스런 과정으로 여기며 죽음에 대한 공포감은 깊은 신앙심으로 극복될 수 있다는 강한 종교성을 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 호스피스 자원봉사자를 위한 프로그램 개발 시 중요한 기초 자료를 제시하고 있다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2012

In recent years, national health insurance(NHI) coverage had been expanded gradually for cancer as a severe disease requiring high level of medical expenditure, to reduce patient's financial burden. But, subjective burdens level for out-of-pocket(OOP) money expense are still considerable owing to high medical cost and decent numbers of services not covered by benefit plan. This study aimed to investigate OOP medical expenditures and identify factors influencing subjective financial burden in cancer patients. A 28-items questionnaire for self-reporting by responders was designed to satisfy study goal and finalized following by one pilot study and experts' verification process. Subjects were enrolled during July to October 2010 through regular meetings organized by five patient or patient-advocacy groups had acknowledged the study purpose. Subjects who aged 20 or more, have histories of cancer diagnosis and anticancer drug use, and voluntarily agreed to participate in this study were recruited. Total 107 subjects included in the analysis have cancer lesions in breast, colon, kidney, liver or stomach at the stages from I to IV. Approximately 73% of them has passed less than 5 years since cancer diagnosis. For the OOP medical expenditure regarding cancer, less 6 million won was in 31%, 6-15 million won in 35% and more than 15 million won in 28% of responders, and more than half responders(58%) felt financial burden subjectively. 63% of responders had subscribed commercial insurances, resulting in money receipts of more than 10 million won since cancer diagnoses in 76% of responders. Logistic regression results showed significant differences in subjective OOP financial burden level depending on gender, household income level, benefit type, commercial insurance money receipt degree, year cancer diagnosed, cancer lesion, therapy type, duration of anticancer drug use, drug listing in national formulary, total OOP medical expenditure and total OOP anticancer drug expense. They had mixed feelings both wishes to expand NHI coverage to reduce financial burden(70%) and no willingness to increase premium(59%). This result suggested that NHI might direct future strategies to reduce absolute total OOP medical cost and expand benefit plan coverage in higher burden groups in particular.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

본 연구는 수도권에 거주하는 서비스직 아르바이트 중인 대학생 150명, 비서비스직인 대학생 150명을 대상으로 2018년 4월 26일부터 5월 5일까지 자가구취인식도가 구강보건관리실천도에 미치는 영향력 알아보고자 설문조사를 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서비스직군에서 칫솔질을 하는 목적은 '충치와 잇몸병 예방'과 '구취' 항목이 주를 이룬 반면, 비서비스직군에서는 '충치와 잇몸병 예방'과 '상쾌한 기분' 항목에 가장 많은 응답을 한 것으로 나타났다(x²=18.21, p<0.001). 2. 서비스직군과 비서비스직군 모두에서 구취의 원인은 백태와 음식물이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다(x²=10.95, p=0.027). 3. 서비스직 유무에 따른 자가구취인식도와 구강보건관리실천도의 평균분석에 따르면, 서비스직군에서 모든값이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 4. 자가구취인식과 구강보건관리실천도는 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(γ=-0.11, p<0.05). 5. 성별과 학년을 보정한 회귀분석모델에서, 자가구취인식도가 한 단위 증가하면 구강보건관리실천도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(Beta=-0.185, p=0.02). 이상과 같이 서비스직 유무에 따른 아르바이트 종사자 대학생을 대상으로 자가구취인식도가 구강보건관리 실천도에 미치는 영향을 확인해 본 결과, 서비스직 아르바이트에 종사하는 대학생의 자가구취인식도가 높을수록 구강보건관리실천도에 미치는 영향이 증가하는 것을 근거로 서비스직 종사자의 구강건강향상 및 증진을 위한 구강건강 프로그램 및 홍보등의 체계적인 개입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2017

본 연구는 예비유아교사의 메타인지, 감성지능과 인성개발효능감과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 A대학의 유아교육과 학생 218명이다. 검사도구는 메타인지, 감성지능, 인성개발효능감에 대한 내용으로 예비유아교사의 자기보고식으로 완성되었다. 자료는 평균과 표준편차를 구한 기술통계 분석, 상관관계 분석, 단계적 회귀분석이 실시되었다. 연구결과는 첫째, 예비유아교사의 메타인지, 감성지능, 인성개발효능감은 보통이상으로 나타났다. 둘째, 메타인지와 인성개발 효능감은 정적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 일반적 인성개발효능감이 개인적 인성개발효능감보다 더 높게 나타났다. 하위영역에서는 인지지식 중 선언적지식이 높으면 인성개발효능감이 가장 높음을 알 수 있으며, 인지조절영역 중 평가가 높으면 인성개발효능감이 가장 높음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 감성지능은 인성개발효능감과 정적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 감성지능이 높으면 일반적 인성개발효능감이 높게 나타났다. 감성지능의 하위영역에서는 타인감성인식이 높으면 인성개발효능감이 가장 높음을 알 수 있고, 다음은 자기감성인식, 감성조절, 감성활용 순으로 높음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 예비유아교사의 인성개발효능감에는 감성지능 중 타인감성인식이 가장 높은 영향력이 있으며, 자기감성인식, 메타인지 중 오류수정, 그 다음은 감성지능 중 감성활동이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 유아교사의 직전교육과정에서 인성개발효능감의 중요성을 인식시키는 증가시키는 기회가 되었고, 예비유아교사의 메타인지와 감성지능에 대하여 고려하게 되었다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight control behaviors, the degree of fatness and dance major on behalf of finding the effects of eating disorders. 779 female high school students, 283 dance major students and 496 general major students, were participated in the study. A self-reporting type of questionnaire survey was conducted during the period from $6^{th}$ May to $18^{th}$ April of 2005. Collected data were processed using SPSSW in 12.0; they were analysed through frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. With regard to the level of eating disorders(EAT-26), 33.9% of risk group of eating disorder female dance students, and 13.7% of risk group of eating disorder female general major students. Weight-control behaviors in this research were 1) weight control concerns, 2) weight control trial, 3) weight control methods (prescription of M.D., ways of weight control), 4) eating habits. First, 56.6% of subjects had high concerns about weight control, and 92% of subjects had tried weight control. Second, only 5.1% of subjects were prescribed by M.D. Third, subjects had been using wrong methods(25.7%) of weigh control such as fasting, using drugs, vomiting, wearing laps etc. Fourth, 42.7% of the subjects had bad eating habits. The degree of fatness was as follows: 1) BMI(Body Mass Index), 2) self report about weight 3) distorted body image. Depending upon the BMI, the subjects with obesity were not found in female dance students; Comparatively, 36.9% of dance students were fat and 1.4% of the students were very fat. In terms of distorted body image, only 14.9% of all subjects were the same between the subjective degree of fatness and the objective degree of fatness. 2. As a result of multiple regression, six variables were found significant($R^2=11.6%$, P < 0.01). Concerns about the weight control significantly influenced on eating disorders(EAT-26). At the same time, major(dance), wrong methods of weight control, distorted body image, prescription of M.D, and eating habits had significantly influenced on eating disorders. This results indicates that the risk of eating disorders among female dancer students was very high. Therefore, professional intervention is needed for female dance students to prevent the eating disorders.