• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2015

Because the local governments has closet contact for public services compared to central government, their role is important in the age when welfare issue is more important than before. So Local Public Finance being important than ever, but regrettably local financial issues related to the mostly negative. In particular, many local government face problem of local fiscal independence, as a result, they have hard time to secure financial resources. Reliant local finance by central government can be alternative, however, it causes negative effect for autonomous management of local finance and fiscal soundness. In this study, public data by public institutions is suggested as solution to secure financial resources. Although, utilization of public data is initial level, this paper deal with exploratory discussion for public data as self-reliant local finance with validity and suggestions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body cathexis and appearance management behaviors of the high school girls according to their demographic, physical, psychological. and school related variables. Data was obtained from 378 high school girls in Jeonju City by self-administered questionnaires from March to April. 2001. The results of this study were; 1. Body cathexis of high school twirls was relatively low, face and upper body cathexis were higher than other body parts. but lower-body and total body cathexis were low. 2. Body cathexis of high school twirls was in exact proportion to their parents' educational level total household income. and monthly pocket money. And it was higher in case of tall. light. external personality. higher self-esteem, art or physical high school girls. and the vocational high school twirls. with good academic records. and popular among friends. 3. High school girls showed higher appearance management behaviors such as bath, skin care. hair care. but they did risky appearance management behaviors such as drug use. diet. plastic cosmetic a tittle. The students in case of mother's higher educational level. more monthly income of household, more pocket money. external personalities. lower self-esteem, art or physical high school girls and the vocational high school girls, with good academic records, popular among friends showed higher appearance management behaviors .

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 2008

Abstract - Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine smoking status and the relates factors in the rural elderly. Methods: This study was conducted with 2,421 elderly people(male 1,273 and female 1,148) residing in the selected 25 villages, and face-to-face interviews with the subjects were made from January 1 through March 30, 2002. Results: The average age of the male subjects was 72.7 and that of the female subjects 72.8. The investigation of smoking states showed that for male subjects, smokers accounted for 49.4%, nonsmokers 26.9%, and abstainers from smoking 23.7% and that for female subjects, smokers accounted for 18.3%, nonsmokers 75.4%, and abstainers from smoking 6.3%. The level of ?low ADL? was significantly higher in abstainers. In men, smoking rate had higher in alone, non-job, queerstreet, 「high ADL」. In women, smoking rate had higher in younger age, queerstreet, unhealthy, 「high ADL」. Conclusions: The smoking rate of the elderly was relatively high, especially at abstainers. The smoking status of elderly was correlated with age, family type, job, economic status by self-assessment, Self-recognition of health status, ADL level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4723-4726
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. The questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. Results: Nepalese women demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleeding or discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, redness of the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, pain in the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast self-examination(BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantly poorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warning signs of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal among Nepalese women.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-395
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the perception of professors and students about non-face-to face classes at the university. The subjects of this study were 194 professors and 1,543 students at M University. In addition, 23 mathematics majors and 80 students of natural sciences and engineering investigate the perception of using video contents methods. It surveyed the evaluation from students after progressing online classes using video for one semester. The results of this study are as follows. First, the students preferred distance education type was an audio recording using lecture materials or class video contents. Second, an online class using video content was preferred by the students who are well self-control or have an autodidactic background. Finally, professors advanced preparation and careful consideration for the students enhanced the course satisfaction of students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.625-641
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• 2015

Recent research shows that emotion is closely related to memory and learning. Although a growing number of educators have high interest in affective aspects of learning processes and outcomes, there are few studies to investigate systematically instructional strategies and learning environments based on learners' emotion. Despite the efforts to understand the role of emotion and to facilitate positive emotion for meaningful learning in face-to-face and online environments, it is still a challenging issue to measure emotion in a valid and reliable way. To implement emotion-based education, it is essential to overcome the limitation of self-report surveys on emotion, which rely on the memory of learners. The current study surveyed emotion measurement tools, which are recently developed in education and other domains, in terms of self-report, neurophysiology, and behavioral responses. This study also discussed how emotion measurement tools can be used in authentic learning and teaching situations. Particularly, this study focused on cutting-edge technologies that would enable educators to collect and analyze learners' emotion easily in real-world contexts. This study will contribute to the research about the role of emotion in education and the design of adaptive learning environments that consider the change of learners' emotion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7161-7164
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. This study was conducted to compare the awareness of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening among rural females in Pahang and Perak. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected rural districts of Pahang and Perak. Two hundred and fifty households were randomly selected and interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of residents from both states were Malay, aged between 50 and 60 years and had a secondary level of education. Malay women aged 40-49 years and women with a higher level of education were significantly more aware of breast cancer (p<0.05). About half of these women practiced BSE (60.7%) and CBE (56.1%), and 7% had underwent mammography screening. The results of this study suggest that women in Pahang and Perak have good awareness of breast cancer and that more than half practice BSE and CBE. The women's level of education appears to contribute to their level of knowledge and health behaviour. However, more effort is needed to encourage all women in rural areas to acquire further knowledge on breast cancer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2011

In this study, we propose an automated smile analysis system for self smile training. The proposed system detects the face area from the input image with the AdaBoost algorithm, followed by identifying facial features based on the face shape model generated by using an ASM(active shpae model). Once facial features are identified, the lip line and teeth area necessary for smile analysis are detected. It is necessary to judge the relationship between the lip line and teeth for smiling degree analysis, and to this end, the second differentiation of the teeth image is carried out, and then individual the teeth areas are identified by means of histogram projection on the vertical axis and horizontal axis. An analysis of the lip line and individual the teeth areas allows for an automated analysis of smiling degree of users, enabling users to check their smiling degree on a real time basis. The developed system in this study exhibited an error of 8.6% or below, compared to previous smile analysis results released by dental clinics for smile training, and it is expected to be used directly by users for smile training.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.364-376
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• 1994

This study was initiated to find the characteristic awareness of disease in Korean culture and then, with its applying to psychological nursing, to help cancer victims cope with their disease. Research period was from Dec. 1, 1989 to Aug.3, 1992. The research method, while the method of face-to-face interview with 33 cancer victims were mainly adopted, was to identify the causal perception through analyses of literature and traditional sayings deeply rooted in Korean culture. The causal perceptions were differentiated into 4 sections, which apply to 32 cancer victims with Q-sorting. Be-ing coded into grades from 1 to 9, the data were analyzed with the aid of Quanal program on PC ; in analyzing Q-factor principal component analysis method was used. The results were revealed as follows : 1. Subject victims owe their disease to 1) the omnipotent and animating powers in Shamanism rooted in Korean culture, 2) their intimate persons, i.e. their husband, wife, children, or other fellows ameng their groups. 3) victims themselves, and 4) nowhere, for they thought the disease is the struggle with their own self. 2. In Q-methodology analysis, cancer victims are categorized into 5 types. The first type, self-mastery type, consisting of 11 subjects, has the characteristic of overcoming their disease with their own strong will or by the help of the Omnipotent God, which is estimated to be the ideal type to cope with the disease. The second type, omnipotent & animating powers-dependent type, consisted of 7 subjects, who have the causal perception of traditional shamanism. The third type, intimate person-dependent type, consisted of 4, all of whom are women and whose causal perception has the characteristic of the their complains about each member of their family, espectially about their husband. The fourth type, fate-recipient type, was the com-plex form of the first and the second types. It consisted of 6 subjects, to whom cancer had meant bad fate coming on them but had to be overcome by their strong will. The fifth type, personal type, consisted of 4, whose causal perception is toward themselves personality It is hoped that the study provide the chance of developing nursing intervention to help cancer victims accept and overcome their disease as their own reality instead of attributing to anyone or any-thing else.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2004

Objective : To evaluate the effect of Oriental medical treatment on a patient with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with poor prognosis on EMG. Methods : We applied various methods of Oriental Medical treatment including Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Herb medicine, Vesiculation therapy using Mylabris and Crontonis Fructus, Massage, Self-excercise of face muscles. Results : 1. Herb medicine was applied on the basis of Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證): We tried Herb medicine to improve the function of Digestive System. The patient's stool condition, subjective sensation related with abdominal pain and general condition improved. 2. We used the Vesiculation therapy using Mylabris which was used traditionally to treat Facial Palsy. We powdered Mylabris and mixed it with Crontonis Fructus to make a paste. We put it on Ye-poong(?風), Nae-gwan(內關) at left side. It induced vesicles at the applied area, but it disappeared in 48 hours without any scar. 3. We applied acupuncture, electroacupunture, massage and self-excercise of face muscles. On gross scale assessment, there was some improvement. And assessment with regional scale also showed changes. The patient and the guardian were satisfied with the result. Conclusion : We experienced a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with poor prognosis on EMG. She also showed poor response to conservative treatment. Through various modalities of Oriental medical treatment, we attained some clinical improvement.