• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

Purpose - This study focused on the attitude differences towards harmony-focused Ad and uniqueness-focused Ad, also those towards brand advertised in each of the two type Ads between self-construals. Research design, data, and methodology - Main survey was conducted online with the people in China, and collected 107 data through harmony Ad questionnaire and 109 data through uniqueness Ad questionnaire. Anova and t-test were used to verify hypotheses. Results - First, More positive attitude towards harmony-focused Ad and the brand in it there was at interdependent Chinese consumers than at independent Chinese consumers. Second, the independent Chinese consumers and the interdependent Chinese consumers did not form significant attitude difference towards uniqueness-focused Ad. However the independent Chinese consumers showed more positive attitude towards the brand in the uniqueness-focused Ad than the interdependent Chinese consumers. Conclusions - By highlighting the attributes of Chinese consumers' self-construal, to appeal to interdependent Chinese consumers, marketers should develop harmony-focused advertisement, and they should appeal to independent Chinese consumers by using uniqueness-focused advertisement. However the harmony might be pursued as the main content in the overall environment by Chinese people. Therefore it is necessary for the marketers to consider the harmony even when appealing them by emphasizing the uniqueness.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to identify how academic self-efficacy, grit, and learned helplessness influence Academic delay behavior in college students and provide a foundation for reducing Academic delay behavior in college students. Methods: Data was collected from October 12, 2023 to October 30, 2023 using a structured questionnaire from 170 college students at a university in City D. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Academic delay behaviors were significantly negatively correlated with academic self-efficacy (r=-.371, p<.001) and grit (r=-.562, p=.012), and significantly positively correlated with learned helplessness (r=.341, p<.001). Conclusion: Finally, In order to reduce academic delay behaviors among college students, it is necessary to actively utilize educational environments that promote academic achievement and grit, academic-related counseling programs, and learning environments that do not suffer from academic helplessness.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2009

Objectives : Psychological comorbidities are high in patients with obesity and are associated with a variety of medical and dietary problems. This study aims to examine the association between psychological factors and obesity. Methods : This study was performed in pre-menopausal obese($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$, waist circumference ${\geq}85cm$) women in Seoul, in 2008 (n=35). Every patient underwent the obesity treatment program. The program included dietary and exercise education, and abdominal mesotherapy for 6 weeks. Simple anthropometry including weight, BMI and Computed Tomography (CT) including Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and Visceral adipose tissue/Subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR) were done. To assess psychological factors, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) questionnaire, Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire and stress response inventory(SRI) questionnaire were administered. Results : 1. All of the obesity indicators (except VSR) decreased significantly after the obesity treatment program. 2. There was a significant relationship between self esteem (SES score) and visceral obesity (VAT and VSR) measured at the end of the program. 3. During the intervention, the more weight, BMI, and subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased, the more self-esteem (SES) increased. There was no relationship between depression (BDI) and obesity. And the change in stress response (SRI) was associated with the change of deep subcutaneous adipose tissue and total abdominal adipose tissue. Conclusions : This study proves that visceral obesity may contribute to low self-esteem, and there is a possibility that the other psychological factors could also be related with obesity in Korean obese women. Individualised antiobesity therapy may be required depending on the patient's psychological characteristics and weight loss could be helpful in order to treat psychological problem in obese patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the sleep patterns of nursing students using self-report questionnaire and physiologic measurement, to examine the factors influencing sleep patterns in based on Spielman's model. Methods: Participants were 119 nursing students who were in the clinical practice period. Self-report questionnaires and actigraphy were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression by the SPSS/WIN 21.0 programs. Results: When sleep was measured by self-report questionnaire, 84 students (70.6%) showed poor sleep quality. The mean sleep efficiency was 82.6%, and 67 students(56.3%) showed low sleep efficiency (less than 85.0%). The factors affecting subjective sleep pattern measured by KMLSEQ were circadian sleep type (${\beta}=.28$, ${\rho}=.003$) and alcohol (${\beta}=.20$, ${\rho}=.031$). The factors affecting total sleep time were sedentary behavior (${\beta}=-.27$, ${\rho}=.003$) and daytime sleepiness (${\beta}=-.33$, ${\rho}$<.001). Conclusion: Many nursing students in their clinical practice period expressed sleep disturbance. Factors affecting the perceived sleep measured by the self-report questionnaire and objective sleep evaluated by physiologic measures were different. The evening type of students perceived poor sleep quality, however, sedentary life style and daytime sleepiness resulted in short sleep time. Therefore, more studies measuring the objective sleep characteristics are needed using subjective and objective characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing professional self-concept among nursing students. A descriptive survey design was used with convenience sample of 250 nursing students studying in 1 nursing college. The data were obtained from November 17 to 30, 2012 by self-reported questionnaire. The collected date were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The mean score for professional self-concept, self-esteem and, self-efficacy were at the intermediate level, with the value of 3.27, 3.14 and 3.78. There were moderate positive correlation between the professional self-concept and self-esteem(r=0.580, p<.001), the professional self-concept and self-efficacy (r=0.645, p<.001) and there were moderate positive correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy(r=0.611, p<.001). The influencing factors in professional self-concept of nursing students were self esteem, self efficacy, and motivation of nursing(Adj $R^2=.479$). In order to encourage nursing college students professional self-concept, the nursing college should make efforts to develop a curriculum and program for improving self-esteem and self-efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate moderating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy in relationship between professional self-concept and satisfaction in their major among nursing students. Methods: Data was collected from 223 nursing students by means of a questionnaire. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: There was a significantly positive relationship between professional self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and satisfaction in their major. Self-esteem and self-efficacy showed moderating effects in professional self-concept and satisfaction in their major. Conclusion: This finding suggests the importance of moderating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy to increase nursing student's professional self-concept and satisfaction in their major. Therefore, strategies should be developed in order to promote self-esteem, self-efficacy, and professional socialization for satisfaction in the nursing major.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.606-614
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among hospital nurses. Methods: Participants in this study were 231 nurses from two hospitals. The self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the level of self-efficacy, social support and OCB. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression. Results: The mean score of OCB was 4.82, self-efficacy was 4.65, and social support was 4.56. The OCB was statistically significant according to position (t=-1.97, p=.049). The OCB was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.558, p<.001) and social support (r=.245, p<.001). The self-efficacy and social support explained 33.0% of the variance for OCB. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve self-efficacy and social support might be useful. Furthermore, more studies are needed to explore variables that influence nurses' Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.119-133
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• 2007

The subjects of this study were composed of 620 $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grade children in Pusan City and their parents. Both parents completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory(DSI : Skowron & Friedlander, 1998). Children completed the DSI, the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (Bray et al., 1984), and the Youth Self-Report (Archenbach, 1991). These measures were translated into Korean and adapted for children and parents; their validity was established through a preliminary survey of content validity and reliability. Results showed no meaningful correlation between parent's self-differentiation and children's self-differentiation or between parents' self-differentiation total and children's level of problem behaviors. However, Intergenerational Family Relationship and Children's Self-Differentiation influenced children's internalizing and externalizing of problem behavior.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.259-272
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of couples' self-differentiation by marital satisfaction according to couple's gender. The participants of the present study were 728 couples who lived in Chonbuk province. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire method. Self-differentiation scale was consisted of such factors as emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional cut-off and fusion with others. The results of this research were as follows: First, there was significant difference in the level of total self-differentiation between husbands and wives. Second, there was significant difference in the levels of marital conflict and of marital satisfaction to levels of self differentiation. Third, self differentiation in both husbands and wives had an direct effect on marital satisfaction and stability through marital conflict. Fourth, marital conflict in both husbands and wives had a direct effect on marital satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-39
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to examined the mediating effect of active emotion regulation and marital quality in the relationships between self-compassion and maternal-fetal attachment. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 836 pregnant women and the data were analyzed by SPSS21 and M-plus7, and statistical analysis, frequency analysis, and then structural equation modeling were performed. Results: First, self-compassion directly affects maternal-fetal attachment. Second, self-compassion was indirectly influenced by maternal-fetal attachment through active emotional regulation. Third, self-compassion indirectly affects maternal-fetal attachment through marital quality. Fourth, in regards to the relationship between self-compassion and maternal-fetal attachment, active emotional regulation and marital quality were mediated. Conclusion/Implications: we discussed implications for enhancing self-compassion and active emotional regulation and enhancing marital quality to increase the maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women.