• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.227-236
• /
• 2008

The kind of concrete generally used in steel concrete composite bridges is normal-weight concrete whose unit weight is ${2,300kg/m^{3}}$. However, using lightweight concrete in composite bridges diminishes the sectional forces due to the self-weight of concrete decks. As a result, this will make the bridge design more economical. The type of concrete deck that could be adopted in composite bridges using lightweight con crete may be classified into Cast-In-Place (C.I.P.) concrete deck and precast concrete deck. These two types of decks have some differences with respect to structural behavior and constructional method, and hence,structural behavior of stud shear connectors that connect a concrete deck to a steel girder is changed with the type of deck used. In this study, push-out tests were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of static behavior of the stud shear connectors with a precast deck using lightweight concrete. Also, additional precast deck specimens with bedding layer that had shear keys and devices for transverse confinement of the bedding layer for the prevention of cracks occurring in the bedding layer were tested. These cracks The efficiency of these devices was then evaluated.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2012

Although underground water resource has relatively less pollution rate compared with surface water, its recovery faces many difficulties due to poor management. Our country monitors underground water to manage it effectively through auxiliary observation network for underground water. In this paper, we suggest water-well auto measure system based on Geosensor for business efficiency increase of water-well management and realtime monitering. In this system is consist of user GUI(Graphic User Interface) composed with water-well information and movement sub-observation network prototype system composed with GPS(Global Positioning System) and wireless sensor node such as water temperature, water level, electrical conductivity. In this system is using the light of the sun for self-power, variety water-well information collected wireless sensor node was a wireless transmitting/receiving a using CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) module. Also, for promote with user ease, user GUI express that water-well collected in GIS(Geographic Information System) map. For performance evaluation of the proposed system, we perform experiment using sensing information through designed sub-observation network. And we was proved superiority of the proposed system through qualitative evaluation with other paper.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 2013

Recently, many universities in Korea have been faced with critical crisis such as the decrease in the number of freshmen, the pressure for tuition cuts, M&A between universities and so on. Nobody has expected that universities will have this kind of difficulties. The universities are making attempts to innovate the quality of education to secure high level of education and to meet social needs to overcome these internal and external environment of crisis. For this innovation, the universities have sought to reduce the budget as well as conducted the self-evaluation to figure out their relative positions annually. Innovations cannot have having the limitation without education funds. Budget spent in universities have influences directly or indirectly on the structural improvement of the finance and on the growth of universities. The purpose of this study is to explore the decision-making method to find the optimal budget allocation so as to minimize the execution budget and to maximize the management evaluation by taking the advantage to analyse the relationship between the evaluation and the budget. Therefore, in this paper, we implement the development of the mathematical model for the University Evaluation and Budget Allocation Optimization in the form of the linear programming.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition on the national health insurance of denture, implant among the elderly. This survey was performed on 238 of the elderly aged over 60 years in Daejeon. The research was performed using a self-reported questionnaire and interview method from June to July, 2014. The collected data was analyzed using chi-square test, multiple response frequencies by PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. Recognition of national health insurance denture coverage was 76.9%. Channel of information awareness is higher in the media (61.8%). Awareness of application time (36.4%), medical expense by insurance (43.2%) is generally low. And awareness of denture follow up management is significantly low (18.6%). Time of denture and implant coverage needs were over 60 and 65 years old respectively. The respondents want the national health insurance to help medical expenses over 50%. Period of implant and denture re-production required unlimitedness 32.0% and 47.8%, participation to oral hygiene (dentures) management by dental hygienist was 94.1%. In conclusion, denture and implant coverage was higher awareness, but details were not recognized. Therefore, we should provide more detailed information. To increase the efficiency of national health insurance should be considered to lower the coverage age.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.309-312
• /
• 2008

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been most widely used because of the economic efficiency. However, it is very weak to tensile stresses and difficult to control deflection due to the heavy self-weight of concrete. Although it is generally known that prestressed concrete structures can be the most effective to overcome the demerit of RC structures, its application is very seldom in domestic construction for the difficult onsite circumstances. The post-tension method, which is well fit for buildings that are mostly indeterminate structures and beneficial for monolithic construction, has been introduced to just a few building construction. The application of full PT method into entire spans makes construction engineers feel very difficult due to the lack of current condition in construction fields. Therefore, this study proposed the partially applied PT method as an alternative, which can improve the deflection control of RC structures and reduce the construction difficulty by applying the PT method in a part of span length as needed, and analyzed its characteristics of structural behavior. In this study, the top anchorage was applied to improve the applicability of partial PT method, and the analysis results of slab behavior were compared to the measured values obtained from the post-tensioned slab constructed by the partial PT method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 2009

This study focuses on the methodology of an ecological interpretation of Korean traditional landscapes through both life-oriented philosophy and traditional Korean philosophy which are similar to ecology. Also, useful tools for discovering an ecological technique of formation based on the ecological thoughts in ancestors' life are shown. Ecological key words as interpretative tools on the traditional landscape replaced ecological concepts in Korean culture and landscape. There are 'Bonsung(本性; the original nature)', 'Chungjeol(中絶; moderation)', 'Hyoyul(效率; efficiency)', 'Sangsaeng(相生; symbiosis)', 'Jasaeng(自生; self-generation)', 'Chunghwa(中和; neutralization)', 'Bangtong(旁通; communication)', and 'Byuntong(變通; variableness)'. For the case study, the concepts of 'spatial structure', 'constructive elements in the traditional gardens', and 'structural elements in the dwelling houses' were extracted from $\ulcorner$Imwonkyeongjeji$\lrcorner$ as an interpretative subject. As a result, Jeongon house, Jongtaek of Choi's family(the first incoming resident) showed us an ecological technique of formation by interpretation on the composing elements. Namely, they are natural dwelling houses in harmony with natural conditions and delicate relational styles. Five kinds of ecological characteristics were exposed. They are: 1. land use method following natural features('本性' '相生' '中和'), 2. physical and spatial elements in a body with nature('中絶' '相生' '中和'), 3. sustainable circulation system by recycling limited resources('效率' '自生' '旁通'), 4. use of natural materials based on the regional climate ('中絶' '效率' '自生') and 5. plane and structural decision by microclimate('效率' '自生' '變通'). Consequently, the dwelling houses and their traditional gardens aimed at the consuming space of the efficient resources by utilizing and circulating natural energy more than different types of the traditional spaces.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1149-1189
• /
• 2014

Nowadays, many farmers use online management diagnosis tool developed by Rural development agency(RDA) for the purpose of self-diagnosis of their farm management. Database(DB) was created using the diagnosis results and has been used for agri-firm management consulting. However, the amount of diagnosis data in the DB has been decreasing year by year. This means that the diagnosis tool of RDA did not reach farmers' expectation. Therefore it is necessary to develop a practical consulting tool which is applicable for various types of agri-firm management. This study introduces a management diagnosis tool and consulting method based on multi-contingency organization theory and value chain model for the purpose of improving existing tools and methods. The consulting method based on multi-contingency organization theory shows the core strategy of agri-firms by two different ways such as "efficiency-oriented" direction and "effectiveness-orientated" direction. Also, this method emphasizes that the performance of firm can be achieved when subelements of firm activities follow the same direction with the orientation of core strategy. The important thing is the right firm management activity fitted to its strategic direction. Through this action, limited firm resources can be optimized. In order to make itself understand, this study shows a practical example applied by this method from actual agri-firms.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2018

Students from the Maritime universities enrolled themselves into one year navigational training, according to The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarer(STCW). The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the students demonstrate improvements and accomplishments while they participate in their practical training. The subjects are third year students of the Korea Maritime and Ocean University who were onboard the Training Ship of the University. The purpose of this paper is to cover the degree of improvement by training, based on the core competency of officers. We also present the basic data for the efficiency in the curriculum of the practical training course for the school. As a result of the research, most of the students showed high improvements in their core competency subjects at the end of their one-year training. However, subjects such as cargo management and protection of the maritime environment resulted in below average results. These were some of the areas that needed improvement.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of utilization of outsourcing in large hospitals in Korea. We also investigated the outcome and the level of satisfaction for adopting outsourcing in these hospitals. Types of work areas that were currently operated by outsourcing and were planned to adopt outsourcing in the future were identified. A total of 83 hospitals were eligible for this study, which had more than 500 beds, and were identified from the 2003 National Hospital List published by the Korean Hospital Association. A self-administered Questionnaire survey was conducted between April 25th and May 20th in 2003 with a personnel being charged of arrangement of outsourcing in each hospital. Among the 58 hospitals responding the survey(response rate=69.9%), 49 hospitals(84.5%) utilized outsourcing in at least one work field in their organizations. The largest proportion of the hospitals(85.7%) using outsourcing responded that the biggest outcome after introducing outsourcing were cost reduction(49.0%), followed by improved efficiency in operating the organization or human resources(34.7%) and the improved quality of the work(6.1%). The degree of satisfaction for outsourcing among the hospital managers(3.43) was significantly higher than that among the employees(3.l4) on a S-point Likert-type scale(p<0.05). Among the 7 work areas, the hospitals used outsourcing most frequently in facility management(housekeeping, building maintenance, hospital security and parking management), followed by non-medical profit business(funeral, convenient store, and cafeteria), logistics(provision of patient meal, in-house delivery, and purchasing), and information and computing system(hospital information system, maintenance of personal computers and printers). The work areas that the hospitals planned to adopt or expand the outsourcing in the future most frequently were facility management, non-medical profit business, logistics, and information and computing systems. In conclusion, outsourcing was highly diffused in large Korean hospitals, particularly in the work field of facility management and non-medical profit business. The satisfaction for outsourcing was not high yet in Korean hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1994

This study was taken to increase efficiency in reviewing documents of school facilities from the network of ERIV(Educational Resources and Information Center, USA). Outline of the ERIC network, and the structure, role, function of the ERIC thesaurus are introduced. A thesaurus have developed for information retrieval purpose provides the filing labels which permit information to be stored by one person and retrieved by another. As an information system grows, its thesaurus is systematically built and refined to the point where it represents, in a very special sense, the vocabulary of subject field. The Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors represents such a vocabulary for the field education. An understanding of its origins, its function and its limitations, is just as important to the teacher, the student of education or the educational researcher as it is for the indexer or custodian of the information pool it represents. If the Thesaurus is understood and used in an appropriate way, it can give all educators not only insight into the ERIC system but also an increased awareness of the language of their field. A great many terms are necessary to describe the many aspects of education, and the task of relating them in even an approximately consistent way is an enormous one. The undertaking should be managed by people who not only know what they are talking about but who also should be able to predict what people in their field are lilely to be talking about in the near future. It should also enlist people who are willing to pay term to another within the system. To engage a large number of these two kinds of people over a long period of time is very likely to cost a great deal of money. There is very little proprietary value in producing such a list of terms, for it can very easily be copied, adapted, updated, etc. Thus, because of its high cost and low proprietary value, it becomes a task likely to be funded only by a government. A government has many ways of spending its money. However, after the decision has been made to spend money to produce an authority list, one must decide how this authority is to be delegated. The history of the development of the ERIC Thesaurus is the history of how this authority was delegated. Scientific research has thrived on efforts to define terms as precisely as possible. It is difficult to say with certainty, however, that solutions to social problems have thrived on a simple diet of scientific research. Contemporary crises demand new and imaginative ways of conceiving problems and talking about them. If this Thesaurus or any other scheme for normalizing or controlling language inhibits in the slightest measure the creative use of language, it is against it use. Only if the principles and details of the Thesaurus are misunderstood can it be used as a constraint on language in a negative sense. Students of education of every kind should see the The-saurus as an opportunity to become increasingly self-conscious about their language and thus about their assumptions and their approaches to educational problems.