• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Nutritional components of Ojuk leaf tea and Ojuk shoot tea prepared from the leaves and shoots of black bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra Munro) by tea manufacturing process were evaluated. In addition, the extraction yield of water soluble components from these teas in the general tea brewing condition (water extraction in $80^{\circ}C$ for 10 min.) and the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid were compared with not only the dried raw materials, but also green tea and mate tea. Finally, offline and online scavenging activities against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and di(phenyl)-(2,4,6 trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium free radicals were investigated to evaluate the antioxidant activity and explore the components showing ABTS free radical scavenging activity from tea infusion. These results demonstrated that these teas from black bamboo contain various nutritional components and can be used as traditional tea beneficial to human health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2007

Wearable and ubiquitous micro systems will be greatly growing and their related devices should be self-powered in order to avoid the replacement of finite power sources, for example, by scavenging energy from the environment. With ever reducing power requirements of both analog and digital circuits, power scavenging approaches are becoming increasingly realistic. One approach is to drive an electromechanical converter from ambient motion or vibration. Vibration-driven generators based on electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric technologies have been demonstrated. Among various generator types proposed so far, piezoelectric generator possesses considerable potential in micro system. To overcome low mechanical-to- electric energy conversion, the piezoelectric device should activate in resonance mode in response to external vibration. Normally, the external vibration excretes at low frequency ranging 0.1 to 200 Hz, whereas the resonant frequencies of the devices are fixed as constant. Therefore, keeping their resonant mode in varying external vibration can be one of important points in enhancing the conversion efficiency. We investigated the possibility of use of multi-bender type piezoelectric devices. To match the external vibration frequency with the device resonant frequency, the various devices with different resonant frequency were chosen. Under an external vibration acceleration of 0.1G at 120 Hz, the device exhibited a peak-to-peak voltage of 2.8 V and a power of 0.5 mw in resonance mode.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.845-854
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• 1998

Background: S-2-(3 aminoprophlamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid(WR-2721) is one of the radical scavenging thiols. We tested its protective effects in the reperfused heart. Material and Method: The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. We investigated the radical scavenging properties of this compound in isolated rat hearts which were exposed to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion. Four experimental groups were used:group I, control, Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 30 minutes before ischemia(group II), Amifostine 10 mg(0.2 mL) injection during ischemia through coronary artery(group III),and Amifostine 50 mg(1 mL) peritoneal injection 2 hrs before ischemia(group IV). The experimental parameters were the levels of latate, CK-MB, and adenosine deaminase(ADA) in frozen myocardium, the quantity of coronary flow,and left ventricular developed pressure, and it's dp/dt. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measured analysis of variance and student t-test. Result: The coronary flow of group II and IV were less than group I and III at equilibrium state but recovery of coronary flow at reperfusion state of group II, III, and IV were more increased compared with group I. The change of systolic left ventricular devoloping pressure of group II and IV were less than control group at equilibrium state, which seemed to be the influence of the pharmacological hypotensive effect of amifostine. But it was higher compared with group I at reperfusion state. The lactic acid contents of group II were less than control group in frozen myocardium.(Group I was 0.20 0.29 mM/g vs Group II, which was 0.10 0.11 mM/g). The quantity of CK-MB in myocardial tissue was highest in group IV (P=0.026 I: 120.0 97.8 U/L vs IV: 242.2 79.15 U/L). The adenosine deaminase contents in the coronary flow and frozen myocardium were not significantly different among each group. Conclusion: Amifostine seemed to have significant cardioprotective effect during ischemia and reperfusion injuries of myocardium.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2021

Using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupoprocessed Liriope platyphylla F. T. Wang (Liliaceae) tuber was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed L. platyphylla tuber, the processed L. platyphylla tuber showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed L. platyphylla tuber showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to verify the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2019

Background: Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng (BG), a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, and is more potent than white ginseng (WG) or red ginseng (RG). Methods: We evaluated the protective effects of BG extract (BGE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, in comparison with WG extract (WGE) and RG extract (RGE) in a cell culture model. Ethanolic extracts of WG, RG, and BG were used to evaluate ginsenoside profiles, total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. Using AML-12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$, the protective effects of WGE, RGE, and BGE on cellular redox status, DNA, protein, lipid damage, and apoptosis levels were investigated. Results: BGE exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant potential, as well as total flavonoid and polyphenol contents. ATP levels were significantly higher in BGE-treated cells than in control; ROS generation and glutathione disulfide levels were lower but glutathione (GSH) and NADPH levels were higher in BGE-treated cells than in other groups. Pretreatment with BGE inhibited apoptosis and therefore protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, probably through ROS scavenging. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate that BGE protects AML-12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damages more effectively than WGE or RGE, through ROS scavenging, maintenance of redox status, and activation of the antioxidant defense system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2020

Through Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle (Campanulaceae) roots was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed P. grandiflorum roots, the processed P. grandiflorum root showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed P. grandiflorum showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to confirm the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.990-998
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• 2021

Melanin is a natural skin pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes via a multistage biochemical pathway known as melanogenesis, involving the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine. Melanogenesis is initiated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing the skin to darken, which protects skin cells from UVB radiation damage. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin may lead to the development of certain skin diseases, including skin cancer. In this study, the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of twenty strains were evaluated. Based on the results of 60% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 21% 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and a 50% ascorbic acid equivalent ferric reducing antioxidant power value, Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 was selected as the strain with the highest antioxidant potential. No cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with the CFS of L. fermentum JNU532. Tyrosinase activity was reduced by 16.7% in CFS-treated B16F10 cells (but not in the cell-free system), with >23.2% reduction in melanin content upon treatment with the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS. The inhibitory effect of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS on B16F10 cell melanogenesis pathways was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The inhibitory effects of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS were mediated by inhibiting the transcription of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF and the protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Therefore, L. fermentum JNU532 may be considered a potentially useful, natural depigmentation agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

Objective : The Sinseon-yukza-hwan (SSY), a Korean medicinal formula which includes Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and other medicinal herbs, has long been used for treatment of alopecia and gray hair through oral administration. This study is designed to enhance the utilization of natural materials in hair and scalp-related cosmetics. Possibility of SSY as an antioxidant was examined from its 50% ethanol extract. Methods : The antioxidative capacities were evaluated by determining total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Results : Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of SSY were 25.53 mg TE, tannic acid equivalent/g and 18.90 mg RE, rutin equivalent/g, respectively, which correlated strongly its antioxidative activity. The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of SSY at $0.1mg/m{\ell}{\sim}5mg/ml$ were ranged from 20% to 85% and 10% to 58%, respectively. Also the hydroxyl radical scavenger activity and reducing power increased in SSY-treated group, which were significantly lower in SSY-compared to BHA-treated group. But the highest reducing power was shown as 79% from SSY-treated group, which was higher value than 65% from BHA-treatment. These results showed that SSY extract effectively inhibited the generation of free radicals in the all assay system with dose-dependent manners. Conclusions : Thus, the present study provide preclinical data to support the expanded application of SSY, which could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

Objectives : Bang-poong (Saposhnikovia divaricata; SD) was traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Bang-poong and related species including SD, Glehnia littoralis (GL), and Peucedanum japonicum (PJ) possess neuroprotective effects and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Methods : Roots of SD, GL and PJ were extracted with distilled water (DW) or 70% ethanol (EtOH). We assessed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of the extracts. To examine neuroprotective effects, we measured cell viability in PC12 or HT22 cells after treatment of the extracts with $H_2O_2$ or amyloid-beta ($A{\beta}$). To assess anti-neuroinflammatory effects, we measured the nitric oxide (NO) levels after treatment with the extracts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV2 microglial cells. In addition, we performed AChE inhibition assay to explore effects of the extracts on the cholinergic system. Results : DW and EtOH extracts of SD, GL and PJ showed mild DPPH free radical scavenging activities. Also, DW extracts of GL and PJ showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. In LPS-activated BV2 cells, EtOH extracts of SD, GL and PJ exerted inhibitory effects on NO production. Meanwhile, DW extracts of SD, GL and PJ inhibited the $A{\beta}$-induced cell death in HT22 cells. In addition, DW and EtOH extracts of GL exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities on AChE. Conclusions : We demonstrated that SD, GL and PJ exert anti-oxidative, anti-neuroinflammatory and AChE inhibitory activities. These results indicate that SD, GL and PJ could be potential candidates for neurological disorders.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2022

Artemisia fukudo is a biennial plant and has been reported to have anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is difficult to produce biomass from A. fukudo, so it is not used as a material for cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. In vitro culture can stably produce biomass throughout the year. In this study, the culture system for producing the highest biomass and bioactive substances was compared. Ex vitro plants were collected in Pyoseon-eup, Jeju island in May 2021, and in vitro culture was harvested after culturing for 8 weeks (plantlet) and 4 weeks (adventitious roots), respectively. After harvest, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH scavenging activity were analyzed. In biomass production, adventitious roots (FW: 5.1 g·100 ml^-1, DW: 0.6 g·100 ml^-1) were about 4 times higher than that of plantlets (FW: 1.8 g·200 ml^-1, DW: 0.3 g·200 ml^-1). Both TPC and TFC were highest in ex vitro plants (9.2 ㎍·mL^-1, 31.6 ㎍·mL^-1), and were 3.0 times and 1.8 times higher than those of plantlets (3.0 ㎍·mL^-1, 17.8 ㎍·mL^-1), respectively. The IC₅₀ value of DPPH scavenging activity was also the best in ex vitro plants (69.8 ㎍·mL^-1), followed by root root (184.4 ㎍·mL^-1) and plants (325.3 ㎍·mL^-1) in that order. Through additional elicitor treatment, scale-up, and advanced compounds analysis such as HPLC, it can be used as an industrial material.