• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1490-1499
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• 2016

In this study, 69 lactobacilli isolated from Tibetan Qula, a raw yak milk cheese, were screened for their potential use as probiotics. The isolates were tested in terms of: Their ability to survive at pH 2.0, pH 3.0, and in the presence of 0.3% bile salts; tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices; antimicrobial activity; sensitivity against 11 specific antibiotics; and their cell surface hydrophobicity. The results show that out of the 69 strains, 29 strains (42%) had survival rates above 90% after 2 h of incubation at pH values of 2.0 or 3.0. Of these 29 strains, 21 strains showed a tolerance for 0.3% bile salt. Incubation of these 21 isolates in simulated gastrointestinal fluid for 3 h revealed survival rates above 90%; the survival rate for 20 of these isolates remained above 90% after 4 h of incubation in simulated intestinal fluid. The viable counts of bacteria after incubation in simulated gastric fluid for 3 h and simulated intestinal fluid for 4 h were both significantly different compared with the counts at 0 h (p<0.001). Further screening performed on the above 20 isolates indicated that all 20 lactobacilli strains exhibited inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, and Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971. Moreover, all of the strains were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin. Of the 20 strains, three were resistant to all 11 elected antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin G, ampicillin, streptomycin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, and gentamicin) in this study, and five were sensitive to more than half of the antibiotics. Additionally, the cell surface hydrophobicity of seven of the 20 lactobacilli strains was above 70%, including strains Lactobacillus casei 1,133 (92%), Lactobacillus plantarum 1086-1 (82%), Lactobacillus casei 1089 (81%), Lactobacillus casei 1138 (79%), Lactobacillus buchneri 1059 (78%), Lactobacillus plantarum 1141 (75%), and Lactobacillus plantarum 1197 (71%). Together, these results suggest that these seven strains are good probiotic candidates, and that tolerance against bile acid, simulated gastric and intestinal juices, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic resistance, and cell surface hydrophobicity could be adopted for preliminary screening of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 1995

본 연구는 이탈리안라이그래스의 발아기간중에 있어서 내염성에 대한 품종간 변리를 조사하기 위한 적정 온도 및 NaCl의 농도를 구하고자 2배체의 9 품종, 4배체의 11품종 등 20 품종을 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$ 및 15$^{\circ}C$인 조건에서 NaCl 농도를 350mM까지 8수준으로 조절하여 발아상태를 조사하였다. 1. 대조구에서의 발아율에 대한 발아 50%감소 염농도(발아 50%감소 염농도)는 15$^{\circ}C$에서 354mM이 었으며 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 324mM 그리고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 325mM이었다. 2. 온도조건간에 있어서 품종들의 발아 50%멸소염농도는 서로 유의적인 상관관계가 인정되었는데 2$0^{\circ}C$와 15$^{\circ}C$사이의 상관관계가 $25^{\circ}C$와 15$^{\circ}C$ 또는 2$0^{\circ}C$사이에서보다 유의성이 높았다. 3. 온도 2$0^{\circ}C$인 조건에서 품종들의 발아 50%감소염농도는 NaCl의 농도가 350mM인 조건에서의 치상 10일후에 품종들의 발아속도와 유의적인 상관관계가 인정되었다. 4. 온도 2$0^{\circ}C$이고 NaCl 농도가 350mM인 조건에서의 치상 10일 후 품종들의 발아속도를 비교하여 품종들의 발아내타성을 분류하여 본 결과 Wase Aoba, Bettina, E. K-11, Tetrone, Lira Sand, Tetra Florum 및 Billiken의 7 품종은 강한 것으로 나타났으며, Tuchi, Wase, Wase Yutaka, Sakura Wase, Magnolia, Limella, Delita의 6품종은 중정도로, 그리고 Atalja, Barmultra, Ajax, Liberta, LM-16, Elving, Wilo의 7 품종은 약한 품종으로 분류되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터 조절하에 항산화 효소 SOD와 APX 유전자를 동시에 엽록체에 발현시킨 형질전환 감자 (품종 수미)를 대상으로 methyl viologen (MV) 처리에 의해 유도되는 산화스트레스 내성을 잎절편체, 소식물체 및 식물체 수준에서 조사하였다. 잎 절편에 $3{\mu}M$ MV를 처리하였을 때 SSA 식물체의 잎절편체는 비형질전환 (NT) 식물체에 비해 40% 정도 상해를 적게 받았다. 소식물체 수준에서 MV에 의한 산화스트레스 내성을 조사하기 위하여 SSA감자 shoot을 $0.3{\mu}M$ MV 첨가 배지에 배양하였을 때 뿌리의 생장에서 내성이 나타났다. 또한 온실에서 4주 생장한 식물체에 $350{\mu}M$ MV를 처리하였을 경우에도 SSA 식물체는 NT 식물체에 비해 약 75% 손상을 적게 입은 것으로 나타내었다. 추후 SSA 식물체를 이용하여 건조, 고온 등의 복합재해에 내성을 분석이 진행되어야 할 것이며 그 결과 복합스트레스 내성 감자 품종 (수미)을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.687-693
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• 2013

다양한 난개발과 해안도로, 방파제 등의 인공 구조물 설치로 인한 해안 침식과 해안선 파괴 등으로 해안사구가 크게 훼손되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해안사구에서 서식하고 있는 토착식물의 근권으로부터 식물 성장 촉진 능력이 있으면서 동시에 염분에 강한 내성을 가지는 근권세균의 library를 구축하였고, 이들 균주를 대상으로 식물 성장 촉진 능력을 평가하였다. 또한, 내염성 식물을 대상으로 사구 토양에서의 성장률에 근권세균이 미치는 영향을 평가한 후, 훼손된 사구의 복원에 가장 유용한 미생물을 선별하고 분리된 근권세균이 식물 성장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험은 선정된 균주와 갯기름나물과 줄무늬갈대를 해안사구에 식재한 후 성장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, MH1RS1는 (IAA) production, siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) 그리고 염분내성을 가지고 있다. 갯기름나물의 경우는 줄기의 길이와 뿌리의 무게는 크게 향상되었다. 특히, 줄기의 생체와 뿌리 무게는 control과 비교했을 때 25% 성장이 향상되었다. 줄무늬 갈대는 Bacillus aerius MH1RS1 에 의해 초장은 18%와 뿌리의 생체 중은 20%로 크게 향상 되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2017

본 연구는 몽골 마유로부터 분리한 유산균 Enterococcus faecium SA5의 이화학 특성을 파악하고 유산균 E. faecium SA5의 ${\beta}$-glucosidase의 활성과 이를 통한 ginsenoside 전환을 확인하는 것을 목표로 진행되었다. E. faecium SA5는 내산성, 내담즙성을 나타내었으며 4종의 병원성 미생물(Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 3216, Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 3710, Bacillus cereus KCTC 1012, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621)에 항균 활성을 가질 뿐만 아니라 항생물질 colistin, gentamycin, neomycin에 내성을 나타내었다. 또한, E. faecium SA5는 bile salt hydrolase 활성을 나타내어 혈액 내 콜레스테롤 수준 감소 효과가 있다고 사료되며 10% skim milk에서 배양하였을 때, pH가 감소하고 산도 및 생균수가 증가하는 것으로 보아 발효유 스타터로써의 활성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 E. faecium SA5의 ${\beta}$-glucosidase에 의해 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 ginsenoside $Rg_3-s$와 $Rg_3-r$으로 전환되었음을 TLC 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 따라서 E. faecium SA5는 잠재적인 probiotics로 이를 이용하여 발효유 제조 및 ginsenoside 전환 관련 건강기능식품 개발에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1659-1669
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• 2020

1,3-α-3,6-anhydro-L-galactosidase (α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase) catalyzes the last step of agar degradation by hydrolyzing neoagarobiose into monomers, D-galactose, and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, which is important for the bioindustrial application of algal biomass. Ahg943, from the agarolytic marine bacterium Gayadomonas joobiniege G7, is composed of 423 amino acids (47.96 kDa), including a 22-amino acid signal peptide. It was found to have 67% identity with the α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase ZgAhgA, from Zobellia galactanivorans, but low identity (< 40%) with the other α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases reported. The recombinant Ahg943 (rAhg943, 47.89 kDa), purified from Escherichia coli, was estimated to be a monomer upon gel filtration chromatography, making it quite distinct from other α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases. The rAhg943 hydrolyzed neoagarobiose, neoagarotetraose, and neoagarohexaose into D-galactose, neoagarotriose, and neoagaropentaose, respectively, with a common product, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, indicating that it is an exo-acting α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase that releases 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose by hydrolyzing α-1,3 glycosidic bonds from the nonreducing ends of neoagarooligosaccharides. The optimum pH and temperature of Ahg943 activity were 6.0 and 20℃, respectively. In particular, rAhg943 could maintain enzyme activity at 10℃ (71% of the maximum). Complete inhibition of rAhg943 activity by 0.5 mM EDTA was restored and even, remarkably, enhanced by Ca²⁺ ions. rAhg943 activity was at maximum at 0.5 M NaCl and maintained above 73% of the maximum at 3M NaCl. K_m and V_max of rAhg943 toward neoagarobiose were 9.7 mg/ml and 250 μM/min (3 U/mg), respectively. Therefore, Ahg943 is a unique α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase that has cold- and high-salt-adapted features, and possibly exists as a monomer.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

본 연구는 가로변 지피식물을 중심으로 염화칼슘에 대한 내성과 피해양상을 파악하여 효율적인 가로변 지피식물 적용 및 관리 자료를 제시하고자 실시되었다. 실험구 조성은 염화칼슘 비율 대조구, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%로 구분하여 일반상토 500g을 기준으로 고상처리 하였다. 식물재료로는 가로수 지피식물로 가능성이 있거나 사용되는 수호초, 옥잠화, 마삭줄, 순비기나무, 사철나무, 작살나무를 사용하였다. 결과를 정리하면 토양은 염화칼슘 농도처리에 따라 산도가 증가하였으며, 전기전도도는 지속적으로 감소하였고, 치환성 칼슘 함량은 처리 이후 증가하였으나 실험기간 중 감소하였다. 수호초, 마삭줄, 사철나무는 염화칼슘 비율 0.5%까지 생육 및 생존이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 옥잠화, 순비기나무는 1.0%까지 생존이 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 옥잠화는 식재 기반의 수분을 통한 염류의 이동이 가능한 조건에서 가로변의 지피식재로 적용이 가능할 것이라 판단되었다. 작살나무는 대조구를 제외한 염화칼슘 처리구에서 생육이 불량하고 개엽하지 않아 염화칼슘에 대한 민감성이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2020

Background and objects: Soil contamination caused by CaCl₂ that is used to deice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of damage of roadside plants. The aim of this study is to identify the salt mitigation effects of planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii and using a soil conditioner. Methods: The study was conducted at the site where Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was planted on the roadside between Konkuk University Sageori and Danwol Samgeori located in Chungju-si. We classified the soils collected from the field experimental site according to the degree of the damage caused by deicing agents and divided the site into six blocks of three 80 × 80 cm plots replicated by treatment type. Three selected plots were treated with loess-balls on the soil surface (high salinity with loess-balls, medium salinity with loess-balls, low salinity with loess-balls) and three were left as an untreated control (H = high salinity, M = medium salinity, L = low salinity). The soil properties were measured including pH, EC and exchangeable cations as well as the growth of Chrysanthemum zawadskiia. Results: In the results of soil analysis, pH before planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was 6.39-6.74 and in September, five months after planting, the acidity was reduced to 5.43-5.89. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to be H > M > L with the higher degree of damage by deicing agents. The analysis of deicing exchangeable cations showed that the content of Ca²⁺ of soils were significantly correlated to deicing exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) in the shoot part of Chrysanthemum zawadskii. The loess-ball treatment showed a lower content of deicing exchangeable cations than the treatment where Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was planted. Conclusion: In this study, the use of a new system made of loess-balls is proposed as a soil conditioner to protect soils from the adverse effects of road deicing salts. These data suggest that treatment of soil conditioners and planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia are effective in mitigation of salt stress on the soils damaged by deicing agents.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

This study is to find appropriate plant for infiltration swale (which is natural LID infrastructure) and suggest basic research database for building infrastructure of LID facilities. Through the research inside, it first selects the plant strong to flooding and salt tolerance. Also, the research built infiltration swale along the road, planted those strong plants and monitored how well those plants adapted into the environment. Particularly, it showered 72mm/hr-speed artificial shower, also with natural shower, given that plants were vulnerable to flood because of influx of the rain. As a result of field applicability monitoring, Pennisetum alopecuroides and Equisetum hyemale (which degrade the pollutant well and adapt into rainy environment) are planting individually, or Juncus effusus var. decipiens, Liriope platyphylla, Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Euonymus japonica (which are strong to rainy environment) and Pennisetum alopecuroides and Equisetum hyemale are mixed planting. The research should have monitored the plant for more than one year to study them, but the research only lasted five months. Therefore, it is hard to generalize. After all, through the long term research, it should pursue study more on appropriate plant materials and database that can be the reference for infrastructure establishment and maintenance.