• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007

살균소독력 평가균주로 사용되는 E. coli ATCC 10536과 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538균에 대하여 5 logCFU/ml 감소의 살균소독력을 보이는 살균소독제가 국내에서 식중독을 일으키고 있는 식중독 원인균 중 Salmonella spp.와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대하여도 같은 살균소독력을 나타내는지 비교평가하였다. 청정조건 및 오염조건에서 현탁액시험법을 사용하여 차아염소산나트륨과 염화벤잘코늄의 살균소독력을 평가하였다. 시험균주로는 E. coli ATCC 10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Salmonella spp. 10균주 및 Listeria monocytogenes 11균주를 사용하였다. 오염조건에서는 염화벤잘코늄만이 살균소독제의 유효성분 사용범위 농도 내에서 5 log 감소 이상의 살균소독력을 보였으나, 청정조건에서는 실험대상 균주 전부 5 log감소 이상의 살균소독력을 보였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

In order to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. from 1992 to 1997 in Inchon, 173 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated from patients with diarrhea and analyzed them epidemiologically. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The yearly isolation rates were 34.68% (60 strains) in 1996, 20.80%(36 strains) in 1994, 18.50%(32strains) in 1997, 10.40%(18 strains) in 1992 and 9.83%(17 strains) in 1995 and 5.78%(10 strains) in 1993, in order. 2. The isolation rates based on specimen were 84.97%(147 strains) from feces, 14.45%(25 strains) from blood and 0.58%(1 strain) from pus. 3. The highest isolation rate based on age group was at twenties(25.43%) and four-ties(19.65%), fifties(19.08%), teens(15.03%) and thirties(10.98%), in order. 4. Based on the regional distribution, Nam-gu showed the highest isolation rate (20.80%) and followed by Namdong-gu(20.23%), Dong-gu(19.65%) and Yeansu-gu(0.58%), in order 5. Seasonally, the highest isolation rate was from May to September during the investigation. 6. The isolation rate in male(58.96%) was higher than that in female(41.04%).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.442-450
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• 2018

Liquid egg products can be contaminated with Salmonella spp. during processing. A predictive model for the growth of Salmonella spp. in unpasteurized liquid eggs was developed and validated. Liquid whole egg, liquid yolk, and liquid egg white samples were prepared and inoculated with Salmonella mixture (approximately 3 Log CFU/mL) containing five serovars (S. Bareilly, S. Richmond, S. Typhimurium monophasic, S. Enteritidis, and S. Gallinarum). Salmonella growth data at isothermal temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and $40^{\circ}C$) was collected by 960 h. The population of Salmonella in liquid whole egg and egg yolk increased at above $10^{\circ}C$, while Salmonella in egg white did not proliferate at all temperature. These results demonstrate that there is a difference in the growth of Salmonella depending on the types of liquid eggs (egg yolk, egg white, liquid whole egg) and storage temperature. To fit the growth data of Salmonella in liquid whole egg and egg yolk, Baranyi model was used as the primary model and the maximum growth rate and lag phase duration for each temperature were determined. A secondary model was developed with maximum growth rate as a function of temperature. The model performance measures, bias factor ($B_f$, 0.96-0.99) and $r^2$ (0.96-0.99) indicated good fit for both primary and secondary models. In conclusion, it is thought that the growth model can be used usefully to predict Salmonella spp. growth in various types of unpasteurized liquid eggs when those are exposed to various temperature and time conditions during the processing.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2020

The global evolution of antibiotic resistance has threatened the efficacy of available treatment options with ravaging impacts observed in developing countries. As a result, investigations into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the role of plasmids are crucial. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of bla_TEM and gyrA genes, plasmid profiles, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from raw meat and stool sources across Niger State, Nigeria. Ninety-eight samples, comprising 72 raw meat and 26 stool samples, were screened for Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined using the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were further analyzed for plasmids, in addition to PCR amplification of beta-lactamase (bla_TEM) and gyrA genes. A total of 31 Salmonella spp. were isolated, with 22 from raw meat (70.97%) and 9 from stool (29.03%). Salmonella spp. with multiple resistance patterns to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin were detected. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective among the antibiotics tested, with 67.7% and 93.5% susceptible isolates, respectively. Nine (29.03%) isolates harbored plasmids with molecular sizes ranging between 6557 bp and 23137 bp. PCR amplification of gyrA was detected in 1 (3.23%) of the 31 isolates while 28 isolates (90.32%) were positive for bla_TEM. This study shows the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates and the possible role of plasmids; it also highlights the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in this local population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 2022

In this study, we sought to investigate the various characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from raw chicken meats available in Korean markets. The data collected, such as food source of isolation, sampling information, serotype, virulence, and genetic profile including sequence type, were registered in the database for further comparative analysis of the strains isolated from the traceback investigation samples. To characterize serotype, virulence and gene sequences, we examined 113 domestically distributed chicken meat samples for contamination with Salmonella spp. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 24 strains (21.2%) of Salmonella isolated from 113 commercially available chicken meats and by-products, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Serotyping of the isolated Salmonella spp. revealed S. Enteritidis in 11 strains (45.8%), S. Virchow in 6 strains (25%), S. Montevideo in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bsilla in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bareilly in 1 strain (4.2%), S. Dessau in 1 strain (4.2%), and S. Albany in 1 strain (4.2%). The genetic correlation indicated that 24 isolated strains were classified into 18 clusters with a genetic similarity of 64.4-100% between them. Eleven isolated S. Enteritidis strains were classified into 9 genotypes with a sequence identity of 74.4%, whereas the most distantly related S. Virchow was divided into five genotypes with 85.9% identity. Here, the MLST analysis indicated that the major Sequence Type (ST) of the Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic chicken sold in Chungcheong Province belongs to the ST 11 and 16, which differs from the genotype of Salmonella isolated from imported chicken. The differential sequence characteristics can be a genetic marker for identifying causative bacteria for epidemiological investigations of food poisoning.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2005

A rapid and quantitative real-time PCR was developed to target the invasion A (invA) gene of Salmonella spp. We developed quantitative standard curves based on plasmids containing the invA gene. Based on these curves, we detected Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated buffered peptone water (BPW) and milk samples. We were able to determine the invA gene copy number per ml of food samples, with the minimum detection limit of $4.1{\times}10^{3}$ copies/ml of BPW and $3.3{\times}10^{3}$ copies/ml of milk. When applied directly to detect and quantify Salmonella spp. in BPW and milk, the present real-time PCR assay was as sensitive as the plate count method; however, copy numbers were one to two logs higher than the colony-forming units obtained by the plate count methods. In the present work, the real-time PCR assay was shown to significantly reduce the total time necessary for the detection of Salmonella spp. in foods and to provide an important model for other foodborne pathogens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2000

The present study conducted to evaluate the isolation frequency of Salmonella sap., Escherichia O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in fecal samples collected form 33 dairy cow feedlots in West Gyeong-nam province from tan. 179\ulcorner to Feb. 1999. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 8.7% of fecal samples and 57.5% of dairy cow feedlots participaiting in this study had at least one positive fecal 7ample. The isolation rates of Salmonella spp. in each herd size were 42.9% in ln less than 125 heads, 63.6% in 25% to 50 heads and 75% in more than 50 heads. Of the positive sample, the most common serogroup recovered was Bl(31.5%), followed by C1 and D(22.9%), C2(16.2%), A(4.2%) and E(2.1%), in order. However, E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes were net detected in the fecal samples collected from all feedlots.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2004

사료원료로 활용이 기대되는 육계 내장 사일리지의 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장 중 설탕 첨가에 따른 pH와 가금류와 관련된 주요 병원 성균인 Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp.와 지표균인 E. coli의 성장 변화를 조사하였다. 설탕을 0%와 1% 첨가한 시료는 저장 2일째부터 pH가 높아지기 시작하였지만 3, 4와 5% 시료는 저장 0일째에서 4일째까지 5.2에서 4.0으로 급속하게 감소하였다. 그 이후 조사된 9일째까지 pH는 일정한 수준으로 유지되었다. 시료의 Campylobacter spp.는 일반적인 미생물 성장곡선을 보여주었다. 설탕이 0% 첨가된 시료의 Campylobacter spp.의 수는 4일째에서 8.21 log CFU/mL이었던 반면 3과 5% 시료는 각각 7.56과 7.38 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. Campylobacter spp.는 설탕 농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 저장 중 0% 시료의 Salmonella spp. 수는 5.8∼6.8 log CFU/mL 사이로 나타났지만 3과 5% 시료에서는 저장 후 2일까지는 6.8∼7.0에서 나타난 후 매우 급하게 감소하여 4일부터 조사한 8일 동안 균이 검출되지 않았다. 초기시료의 E. coli는 5.8 log CFU/mL이었다. 설탕이 첨가되지 않은 시료에서는 2일째까지 감소하다가 이후부터는 log 4.0∼5.0 CFU/mL 사이로 나타났지만 3과 5% 시료의 E. coli 수는 매우 급격히 감소하여 2일째 이후부터 저장기간 8일 동안 검출되지 않았다. 육계 내부장기 사일리지에 설탕을 첨가함으로써 가금류와 관련된 주요 병원성균인 Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp.와 지표균인 E. coli 성장이 현저히 감소되어 안정성이 확인된 육계 내부장기 사일리지의 사료 원료화 가능성이 증진되었다.표면 단백질에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.다.y facilitated during the re-cooling period. The lipolysis of that at 30℃ was much enhanced with agitation. The lipolysis was much higher when agitated at 30℃ than when agitated at 10℃. The length of agitation time at 30℃ didn't give any effect on lipolysis. 산양유 원유의 지방분해에 미치는 온도활성화 및 교반의 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 산양유 원유는 2회에 걸친 온도활성화 처리에서 1차 온도활성화 직후 유리지방산 함량이 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 1차 온도활성화 이후의 재 냉각기간이나 2차 온도활성화 시에는 유리지방산 증가량이 높지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에 가온 하였을 때 10℃나 40℃에 가온한 경우와 비교하여 재 냉각기간 중 지방분해가 가장 촉진되었다. 산양유의 지방분해 정도는 24시간 예냉 한 후 30℃에서 5분간 가온 처리한 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 40℃에 가온한 처리구는 예냉 기간에 관계없이 유리지방산 함량의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 5분간 가온 처리한 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 40℃에 가온한 처리구는 예냉 기간에 관계없이 유리지방산 함량의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 가온처리와 교반 처리를 함께 하였을 때 가온 처리만을 한 경우 보다 지방분해가 더욱 촉진되었으며, 30℃에서 교반 처리를 행한 경우가 10℃에서 교반 처리를 행한 경우 보다 지방분해가 더욱 촉진되었다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 교반 처리 시간이 연장되어도 지방분해는 뚜렷한 증가를 나타내지 않았다.와 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 5.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.259-273
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, biochemical properties and serotypes of Salmonella organisms in the domestic animals in Western Gyeongbuk province during the period from January to December 2000. Salmonella spp were isolated from 51(1.62%) of 3,141 cases of domestic animals. Serotypes of isolates were S enteritidis 17(29.6% of isolates), S agona 11(20.3%), S rissen 8(14.8%), S gallinarum 4(7.4%), S derby 3(5.5%), S typhimurium 2(3.7%), S travis 1(1.8%), S montevideo 1(1.8%) and untypable 4(12.9%), in order. The majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin and gentamicin, whereas all isolates were resistant to bacitracin, erythromycin, tiamulin and tylosin, and the majority of them were highly resistant to penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2005

An immunochromatographic (IC) strip for the rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in the enriched sample was developed. Affinity purified Salmonella polyclonal antibody was conjugated with 40 nm colloidal gold particles which were prepared by citrate method in our laboratory. The antigen-antibody-gold complex was captured by Salmonella antibody attached to test line of nitrocellulose membrane during the capillary migration of sample. Specificity of the IC strip was calculated to be 100% (12/12) and sensitivity was 97.6% (41/42) in the test with pure cultured bacteria. Salmonella was artificially inoculated into raw pork macerated with enrichment broth. And then it was 10-fold diluted from $5.2{\times}10^{8}CFU/ml$ to 5.2 CFU/ml. The IC strip could detect $5.2{\times}10^{6}CFU/ml$ before enrichment. However, the lowest limit of detection was 5.2 CFU/ml after overnight incubation. The results indicated that the IC assay was a rapid, economical and simple method with high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of Salmonella spp. without using any equipment.