• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.30-47
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• 2015

Objective : Melanoma is a very critical and devastating disease. Although many people have depended on surgical operation in melanoma treatment, they have placed importance on non-invasive methods constantly. So we planned to establish a research methodology by analysing existing articles containing conservative melanoma treatments in Journals of Korean Medicine published in Korea.Methods : Using search words of anti-cancer, B16, cancer, lung metastasis, melanoma, metastasis, S-100, SK-MEL, tumor, tyrosinase, we collected 26 articles by searching internet portal sites as following;Using search words of anti-cancer, B16, cancer, lung metastasis, melanoma, metastasis, S-100, SK-MEL, tumor, tyrosinase, we collected 26 articles by searching internet portal sites as followinghttp://oasis.kiom.re.kr,http://www.koreantk.com,http://www.riss.kr,http://www.dbpia.co.kr,http://www.ndsl.kr,http://kiss.kstudy.com,http://www.naver.com,http://www.google.com.Result : The number of articles is 26 and in the year of 2003, 2004 is ranked the highest number in publication. The journal of acupuncture & moxibustion society ranked the highest(30.8%). 2 and 4 authors ranked the highest(26.9%) in number of authors. T-test ranked the highest(58.1%) in statistics methods. P.O. med indicated in 11 articles and Pharmacopuncture in 15 articles. B16 murine melanoma cell was indicated in 25 articles by cancer-induced methods. In measurement, T cell activity was indicated in 14 articles, NK activity in 4 articles, IL-2 in 6 articles, apoptosis in 1 article, lung metastasis in 14 articles.Conclusion : Considering overall results, it is necessary to diversify cancer-induced methods and measurement methods in experimental melanoma research.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

To examine the antioxidative effect and melanogenesis of Nelumbo nucifera stamen (NNS) extract on hydrogen peroxide $H_2O_2$ induced cytotoxicity in cultured human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3), cell adhesion activity (CAA), tyrosinase inhibitory activity and total amount of melanin synthesis were measured by colorimetric assay. In this study, $H_2O_2$ significantly decreased CAA, and $CAA_{50}$ value of $H_2O_2$ was determined at 30 uM. In the antioxidative effect, NNS extract increased cell adhesion activity which was decreased by $H_2O_2$ induced cytotoxicity, and also, tyrosinase activity and total amount of melanin were decreased by NNS extract. These results suggested that $H_2O_2$ was highly toxic on cultured human skin melanoma cells and NNS extract showed the antioxidative and inhibitory effect of melanogenesis by the increased CAA, and the decresed tyrosinase activity and total amount of melanin synthesis.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Kamigumgusingihwan(KGSH) studies have ken done. The results were obtained as follows: 1. KGSH extracts exhibited a weak cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, B16-F10, and SK-MEL-2 cell lines. But exhibited potent cytotoxicity against P388 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. 2. The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549, to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of KGSH 3. KGSH extracts showed a weak inhibitoty effect on DNA topo-isomerase I from calf thymus. 4. The T/C% was 137% in KGSH treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in KGSH treated group as compared with control group. 6. In hematological changes in B16-BL6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC were decreased insignificantly in KGSH treated groups, and also those of platelet were increased insignificantly in KGSH treated groups as compared with control. 7. In CAM assay, KGSH extracts inhibited angiogenesis at $15{\mu}g/egg $concentration significantly as compared with control. Taken together these results, it is strongly demonstrated that KGSH significantly suppressed tumor metastasis by blocking cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Therefore, KGSH is expected to be clinically a potent antimetastatic drug for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.240-244
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• 2005

The methanol extract of the seed of Myristica fragrans (myristicaceae) demonstrated a potent inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2(melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT-15(colon). The MeOH extract was fractionated into three portions by serial solvent partition i,e., EtOAc soluble part, BuOH soluble part and remaining water layer. Among them, the EtOAc soluble part of the extract demonstrated a potent inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells, Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc soluble part led to the isolation of six lignan constituents, i.e., safrole(1), machilin A (2), licarin B (3), macelignan (4), mesodihydroguaiaretic acid (5) and myristargenol A (6) as well as a large amount of myristic acid as active ingredients. Structures of the isolated active components (1-6) were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2008

The inhibitory effect of omega-3 such as linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) on the growth of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyItetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. LNA was found to decrease the cell viability of human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells (KB) in the MTT assay, whereas EPA appeared to inhibit the cell adhesion activity of human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) in the XTT assay analysis. DPPH radical scavenging activity was examined on LNA, DHA and EPA at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}M$, where they showed about 53% scavenging activity. These results suggest that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid has a potential anticancer activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.289-292
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• 2002

The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Ixeris sonchifolia afforded two new and two known sesquiterpene lactone glucosides of the guaiane-type, together with a known alkenol glucoside. The known compounds were identified as ixerin Z (1), ixerin Z-6'-p-hydroxyphenylace-tate (2), and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (3), respectively. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 11, 13a-dihydroixerin Z [4, 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-guaia-1 (10), $3-dien-5{\alpha},6{\beta},7{\alpha},11{\beta}H-12,6-olide-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside],{\;}and{\;}3,10{\$beta}-dihydroxy-2-oxo-guaia-3,11(13)-dien-1{\alpha},5{\alpha},6{\alpha},7aH-12,6-olide-10-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), respectively. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and human melanoma cell (SK-MEL-2) was evaluated.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.457-461
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• 2006

It is demonstrated that phenolic compound has cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Recently, ferulic acid is involved in anticancer activity by showing the decrease of cell viability in cancer cells. But, the anticancer mechanism of ferulic acid is left unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer activity of ferulic acid on NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3). The anticancer activity was measured by determining the cytotoxicy of ferulic acid on these cells. The cytotoxicity was measured by cell viability via XTT assay in these cells. In this study, ferulic acid decreased cell viability according to the dose-dependent manners after human skin melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations of ferulic acid for 48 hours. especially, ferulic acid remarkably decreased cell viability at a concentration of $120{\mu}M$ compared with control in human skin melanoma cells. While, ferulic acid did not show the significant decrease of cell viability at concentrations of $30{\sim}120{\mu}M$ in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. These results suggest that ferulic acid showed anticancer activity in cancer cells such as human skin melanoma cells by the decrease of cell viability significantly.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.134-138
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• 2004

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum Ohwi (Loranthaceae) led to the isolation of two triterpenoidal components; oleanolic acid (1) and ${\beta}-amyrin$ acetate (2), and a flavonoid, homoflavoyadorinin B (3) as well as large quantity of free fatty acid mixtures as active ingredients of the extract responsible for the antitumoral property. The EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract demonstrated a significant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system), and HCT-15 (colon) in vitro, whereas the remaining water soluble fraction exhibited a poor inhibition. The intensive phytochemical investigation of the EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract indicated that the oleanolic acid (1) and large amounts of free fatty acid mixtures might be attributed to the in vitro antitumoral property of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.734-739
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• 2005

Myxobacterium sp. HK1, isolated from Korean soil, degrades cellulose, differentiates to fruiting body, and its 16s rDNA has $95\%$ similarity to Polyangium sp. An anticancer molecule, CDMHK, was identified from culture broth of Myxobacterium sp. HK1, and purified by Diaion HP20, Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and preparative HPLC using an YMC OSD-A C18 column. The molecular structure and formula were determined to be $C_{l2}H_{l9}N_3O_2$ (M.W 237) by MS spectrometry, 300 MHz $^{1}H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR. The CDMHK was not active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. However, this molecule inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines. The $ED_{50}$ values of CDMHK were determined to be 0.147, 0.086, 0.18, 0.166, and 0.142 $\mu$g/ml against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, VF498, and HCTl5 cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, the CDMHK was able to induce apoptosis of the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line, evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay and DAPI staining.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.308-313
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• 2003

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the stem bark extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Eucommiaceae) led to the isolation of three iridoid constituents, genipin (1), geniposide (3), geniposidic acid (4) as well as $({\pm})-guaiacylglycerol$ (2) and fatty acid mixtures as active ingredients of the extract responsible for the antitumoral property. The EtOAc soluble part and BuOH soluble part of the extract demonstrated a potent inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT-15 (colon) in vitro, whereas the remaining water soluble part exhibited a poor inhibition. The intensive investigation of the EtOAc soluble part and BuOH soluble part of the extract yielded genipin, guaiacylglycerol, geniposide, geniposidic acid and large amounts of fatty acid mixtures as active components.