• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.402-404
• /
• 2005

This paper represents the amapcity calculation method of power cables installed in a concrete construction above a bridge which is exposed to solar radiation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2009

Jujube trees infected with phytoplasma exhibit symptoms of typical witches' broom, such as yellowing, abnormally small leaves, short internodes and proliferation of shoots. A 1.2 kb fragment of the 16S rDNA from jujube phytoplasma was generated by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pair from earlier amplified P1/P7 PCR products of cloned jujube witches' broom phytoplasmas. Enzymatic restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that the jujube tree was infected with 16S rDNA I and V groups of phytoplasmas. Extensive comparative analyses of restriction enzyme profiles from Alu I, Hha I, Msp I, and Rsa I clearly classified the two into different phytoplasma groups. The phylogenie analyses based on 16S rDNA showed that the similarity of the two different clones was 87.5%. This is the first report of a mixed phytoplasmal infection in a single jujube tree.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.603-613
• /
• 2006

Near-rings considered are right near-rings and R is a near-ring. $J_0^r(R)$, the right Jacobson radical of R of type-0, was introduced and studied by the present authors. In this paper $J_1^r(R)$ and $J_2^r(R)$, the right Jacobson radicals of R of type-1 and type-2 are introduced. It is proved that both $J_1^r$ and $J_2^r$ are radicals for near-rings and $J_0^r(R){\subseteq}J_1^r(R){\subseteq}J_2^r(R)$. Unlike the left Jacobson radical classes, the right Jacobson radical class of type-2 contains $M_0(G)$ for many of the finite groups G. Depending on the structure of G, $M_0(G)$ belongs to different right Jacobson radical classes of near-rings. Also unlike left Jacobson-type radicals, the constant part of R is contained in every right 1-modular (2-modular) right ideal of R. For any family of near-rings $R_i$, $i{\in}I$, $J_{\nu}^r({\oplus}_{i{\in}I}R_i)={\oplus}_{i{\in}I}J_{\nu}^r(R_i)$, ${\nu}{\in}\{1,2\}$. Moreover, under certain conditions, for an invariant subnear-ring S of a d.g. near-ring R it is shown that $J_2^r(S)=S{\cap}J_2^r(R)$.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 1994

Let R = ($r_1$, $r_2$, …, $r_{m}$) and S = ($s_1$, $s_2$, …, $s_{n}$ ) be positive integral vectors satisfying $r_1$＋ $r_2$＋…＋ $r_{m}$ = $s_1$＋ $s_2$＋ㆍㆍㆍ＋ $s_{n}$ , and let U(R, S) denote the class of all m $\times$ n matrices A = [$_a{ij}$ ] where $a_{ij}$ = 0 or 1 such that (equation omitted) = $r_{i}$ , (equation omitted) = $s_{j}$ , i = 1, ㆍㆍㆍ, m, j = 1, ㆍㆍㆍ, n.(omitted)

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2003년도 제24회 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 2003

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가스학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2003

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.181-205
• /
• 1997

There has been considerable controversy over the impacts of the tax credit on R&D expenditures in many countries. Korea has adopted various kinds of tax credit system to stimulate private firm' R&D expenditures. Korean government, Recently, is trying to reform tax system to reduce tax credit programmes according to Uruguay Round agreement and in line with OECD policy standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of current tax credit system on technology innovation in Korea and derive some policy implications over tax reform. In this paper, firstly, I investigate the size of tax reduction effects from each program in theoretical models and simulate the actual rate of individual tax incentive to a unit of R&D expenditure. I find that theoretically the reserve fund for technology development program has given the largest tax reduction effects to private firms irrespective of the R&D incentive system reform. Tax credit on R&D expenditure also has been very effective instrument to firm's tax reduction. Secondly, I try to measure the effectiveness of tax credit through the estimation of effective margianl tax rate between with the system and without the system of credit on R&D expenditure during the tax credit reform periods. I find that the tax credit on R&D has lowered firm's investment cost since the system introduced. I also have strong results that there has been a positive relation between the fluctuation of firm's R&D expenditure and the change of effective marginal tax rate. I suggest that it is better to sustain the system of tax credit on R&D for a while to increase firm's R&D expenditure.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2010

We introduce and investigate the concepts of ($T_i,T_j$)-fuzzy $\beta$-(r, s)-open sets, ($T_i,T_j$)-fuzzy $\beta$-(r, s)-closed sets and fuzzy pairwise $\beta$-(r, s)-continuous mappings in smooth bitopological spaces.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.455-460
• /
• 2010

16S rDNA 특이적 PCR과 증폭산물의 제한효소 처리 후, 나타나는 단편의 크기를 분석하는 PCR-RFLP 분석법을 김치에서 빈번하게 검출되는 Weissella 속 균주 10종의 신속하고 정확한 동정에 적용하였다. Weissella 속 균주 16S rDNA의 특이적 증폭에는 기존에 보고된 PCR primer를 사용하였지만, annealing 온도는 기존의 조건보다 $4^{\circ}C$ 높게 설정한 $65^{\circ}C$에서 PCR을 수행하였다. 증폭산물은 예상크기인 727bp와 일치하였으며, 제한효소 AluI, MseI, BceAI의 처리를 통하여 나타난 단편의 크기는 제한효소 절단위치 분석으로부터 추정한 단편의 크기와 일치하였다. W. kandleri, W. koreensis, W. confusa, W. minor, W. viridescens, W. cibaria, W. soli는 제한효소 AluI과 MseI의 사용으로 구분이 가능하였으며, W. hellenica, W. paramesenteroides의 경우, BceAI을 사용하면 독립적인 구분이 가능하였다. W. thailandensis의 경우, 본 실험에서 사용한 제한효소 AluI, MseI, BceAI에 의해 독립적인 band 양상은 나타나지 않았지만 나머지 9종과의 절단 양상 비교를 통해 구분이 되었으며, 제한효소 MspI을 사용하면 신속하게 동정할 수 있다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제27권5_6호
• /
• pp.1061-1071
• /
• 2009

For real generalized reflexive matrices R, S, i.e., $R^T$ = R, $R^2$ = I, $S^T$ = S, $S^2$ = I, we say that real matrix X is (R,S)-symmetric, if RXS = X. In this paper, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the least-squares problem of matrix equation AXB = C with (R,S)-symmetric X. Furthermore, the optimal approximation solution to given matrix $X_0$ is also derived by this iterative algorithm. Finally, given numerical example and its convergent curve show that this method is feasible and efficient.